Why write? • To communicate over distances• To communicate across time• To participate in society• To remember and record• To “make thought visible” and express your
inner self
Grading the writing skills and Activities
• Writing word• Writing sentence• Writing paragraph• Writing a
composition
• Copying• Dictation• Rearranging• Gap filling• Composing
Is writing difficult ?Problems found
• Problems in generating ideas• Problems in organizing ideas• Problems in coherence• Problems in language competence
Notes emails letters essays stories
Signs advertisements subtitles articles
Diaries/journals magazines plays recipes
Labels/brands brochures maps textbooks
How we write
These are the steps in
the writing process
.
What are the steps?
PrewritingDrafting
Editing / Revising
Presenting
#1 Prewriting Planning and Thinking
Getting yourthoughts down on paper.
Free-write, outline, notesDiscuss, think
EXAMPLES
• Brainstorming / Vocabulary • Surveying / forms• Researching / Discussion
Authors must think about….
• The purpose of their writing• The audience they are writing for• The content (structure / sequence) ( genre / register)
#2 Writing First Draft
Putting your ideas and thoughts
togetherForming sentences
and paragraphs
#3 – Editing
Revising and Reflecting
Rewriting or rearranging sentences.
Getting feedbackProofreading
# 4 Presenting
Final Draft
Sharing your work
publishing, speaking
The whole process
Conclusions? What are the BENEFITS
AND DRAWBACKS of using the Writing
Process in our classrooms?
DRAWBACKS
• Takes too much time • Loss of student focus / interest• Not suited to some personalities• Students need to be taught it
(peer editing / planning / stages)• Restricts spontaneity and range of
writing activities.
Benefits• The creation of a product• Writing seen as a communicative and
purposeful activity• Teaches students to plan and research• Student collaboration is developed.• Feedback and response given.
• “Writing is a way of talking without being interrupted.” -- Jules Renard
• Isn't it surprising how many things, if not said immediately, seem not worth saying ten minutes from now? ~Arnot L. Sheppard, Jr.
Speaking Vs Writing
Speaking Vs Writing
Impermanent Permanent
Immediate (unplanned) Delayed (planned)
Variation / Casual Conventional / Stylized
Low lexical density High lexical density
High Paralinguistics Low Paralinguistics
Communal activity Solitary Activity
Universal LearnedWe have produced a Venn Diagram object. Each part is a separate PowerPoint object, so you can colour them as you please
Speaking Vs Writing
Simple sentences Complex sentencesVoiced Thought / Read
Pronounce SpellFeedback No feedback
Pause / Intonation Punctuation
http://eflclassroom.ning.com
Recommended
