HISTORYHISTORY
The Role of The Role of Athletic TrainersAthletic Trainers
What is Sports Medicine?What is Sports Medicine?
GOALSGOALS
Know who we are & what we doKnow who we are & what we do Know what areas we work inKnow what areas we work in Know the sports medicine teamKnow the sports medicine team
What is Sports Medicine?What is Sports Medicine?
The areas of specialization under the The areas of specialization under the umbrella of Sports Medicine is umbrella of Sports Medicine is broken into two parts – Performance broken into two parts – Performance Enhancement and Injury Care and Enhancement and Injury Care and Management.Management.
What is Sports Medicine?What is Sports Medicine?
Performance enhancementPerformance enhancement• Exercise PhysiologyExercise Physiology• BiomechanicsBiomechanics• Sports PsychologySports Psychology• Sports NutritionSports Nutrition• Strength and ConditioningStrength and Conditioning• CoachingCoaching• Personal Fitness TrainersPersonal Fitness Trainers
Sports MedicineSports Medicine
Injury Care and ManagementInjury Care and Management• Practice of Medicine (physician)Practice of Medicine (physician)• Athletic TrainingAthletic Training• Sports Physical TherapySports Physical Therapy• Sports Massage TherapySports Massage Therapy• Sports DentistrySports Dentistry• Osteopathic MedicineOsteopathic Medicine• Orthotists/ProsthetistsOrthotists/Prosthetists• Sports ChiropracticSports Chiropractic• Sports PodiatrySports Podiatry
What is Sports Medicine?What is Sports Medicine?
What is Athletic Training?What is Athletic Training?
NATA – founded in 1950NATA – founded in 1950• Governing boardGoverning board• Recognizing the need for a set of professional Recognizing the need for a set of professional
standards and appropriate professional recognition, standards and appropriate professional recognition, the NATA has helped to unify certified athletic trainers the NATA has helped to unify certified athletic trainers across the country by setting a standard for across the country by setting a standard for professionalism, education, certification, research and professionalism, education, certification, research and practice settings. practice settings.
• The NATA is headquartered in Indianapolis, IN. The The NATA is headquartered in Indianapolis, IN. The association has expanded to encompass a global association has expanded to encompass a global membership totaling over 32,000 and 25 countries.membership totaling over 32,000 and 25 countries.
Advisory Board of Athletic TrainersAdvisory Board of Athletic Trainers• Texas governing boardTexas governing board• http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/at/default.shtmhttp://www.dshs.state.tx.us/at/default.shtm
What is Sports Medicine?What is Sports Medicine?
Other Organizations:Other Organizations:Recognized by the AMA (American Medical Assoc.)Recognized by the AMA (American Medical Assoc.)
ACSM – ACSM – American College of Sports MedicineAmerican College of Sports Medicine
AOSSM – AOSSM – American Orthopaedic Society for American Orthopaedic Society for
Sports MedicineSports Medicine
APTA – APTA – American Physical Therapy AssociationAmerican Physical Therapy Association
NSCA – NSCA – National Strength and Conditioning National Strength and Conditioning
AssociationAssociation
Athletic Training job marketAthletic Training job market
Job MarketJob Market – –- Secondary SchoolsSecondary Schools- College/UniversitiesCollege/Universities- Olympic sports – winter & Olympic sports – winter &
SummerSummer- Professional sportsProfessional sports
- Football, Basketball, Baseball, Football, Basketball, Baseball, Hockey, SoccerHockey, Soccer
- NASCAR, X Games, NASCAR, X Games, - Golf, Tennis, RodeoGolf, Tennis, Rodeo
- ClinicsClinics- PT and Physician extendersPT and Physician extenders
- Industrial/corporate settings Industrial/corporate settings - MilitaryMilitary- Department of Homeland Department of Homeland
SecuritySecurity- Performing ArtsPerforming Arts
Board Certification Domains of Board Certification Domains of Athletic TrainingAthletic Training
In 2004 the Board of Certification – In 2004 the Board of Certification – which covers many health fields -which covers many health fields -finished a role delineation study that finished a role delineation study that identified six roles that the athletic identified six roles that the athletic trainer covers.trainer covers.
Board Certification Domains of Board Certification Domains of Athletic TrainingAthletic Training
66 Performance domains of athletic Performance domains of athletic trainingtraining
1.1. Prevention of athletic injuriesPrevention of athletic injuries2.2. Clinical evaluation and assessmentClinical evaluation and assessment3.3. Immediate CareImmediate Care4.4. Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioningTreatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning5.5. Organization and administrationOrganization and administration6.6. Professional development and responsibilityProfessional development and responsibility
Domain 1:Domain 1: PreventionPrevention
• Physical examsPhysical exams• Developing training and conditioning Developing training and conditioning
programsprograms• Ensuring safe environment,Ensuring safe environment,• Selecting/fitting/maintaining protective Selecting/fitting/maintaining protective
equipmentequipment• Consulting and guidance with diet and Consulting and guidance with diet and
lifestyle choiceslifestyle choices• using medications appropriately.using medications appropriately.
Domain 2Domain 2:: Clinical Evaluation & DiagnosisClinical Evaluation & Diagnosis
• EvaluationEvaluation Medical historyMedical history ObservationObservation PalpationPalpation ROM and strength testROM and strength test Special tests, joint stability testsSpecial tests, joint stability tests
• Understanding the pathology of injury and Understanding the pathology of injury and illnessillness
• referral to appropriate medical carereferral to appropriate medical care• Referring to support servicesReferring to support services
Domain 3Domain 3:: Immediate CareImmediate Care
• Responsible for on-field evaluationResponsible for on-field evaluation• Must have sound skills for initial Must have sound skills for initial
recognition of potential serious recognition of potential serious injuries and/or illnessesinjuries and/or illnesses
• Responsible for correct decision for Responsible for correct decision for proper acute injury managementproper acute injury management
• Must have skills to take care of Must have skills to take care of emergency careemergency care
Domain 4:Domain 4:Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Treatment, Rehabilitation, and
ReconditioningReconditioning Designing rehabilitation programsDesigning rehabilitation programs
• Must have sound knowledge in anatomy to help Must have sound knowledge in anatomy to help evaluate the injury correctly and build the proper evaluate the injury correctly and build the proper program.program.
Supervising rehabilitation programsSupervising rehabilitation programs• Must have a very good understanding of the healing Must have a very good understanding of the healing
process of the many tissues in the body.process of the many tissues in the body. Incorporating therapeutic modalitiesIncorporating therapeutic modalities Offering psychosocial interventionOffering psychosocial intervention
• Must have a good understanding of psychologyMust have a good understanding of psychology• Athletes go through a wide range of emotions during Athletes go through a wide range of emotions during
and after an injury.and after an injury.• Athletes have different pain thresholds, cooperation, Athletes have different pain thresholds, cooperation,
motivationsmotivations
Domain 5:Domain 5: Organization & AdministrationOrganization & Administration
Record keepingRecord keeping• Pre-participation physicals and Emergency cardsPre-participation physicals and Emergency cards• Injury reportsInjury reports• Treatment and Rehabilitation reportsTreatment and Rehabilitation reports• InsuranceInsurance
Ordering supplies and equipmentOrdering supplies and equipment Supervising assistants and studentsSupervising assistants and students Establishing policiesEstablishing policies
• Student athletic trainer policiesStudent athletic trainer policies• Day to day operationsDay to day operations• Emergency managementEmergency management
Domain 6:Domain 6: Professional responsibilitiesProfessional responsibilities
Continuing educationContinuing education• Always learning – never know enoughAlways learning – never know enough
CounselorCounselor• Informing parents of injuriesInforming parents of injuries• Prevention educationPrevention education
ResearcherResearcher• Research helps us do our job better – many colleges hire Research helps us do our job better – many colleges hire
athletic trainers to do research. athletic trainers to do research. • Most if not all decisions we make for our athletes is done Most if not all decisions we make for our athletes is done
off evidence-based medicineoff evidence-based medicine We have supported literature to help base our decisionsWe have supported literature to help base our decisions
Qualities an AT must possessQualities an AT must possess
- stamina- stamina- - difficult jobdifficult job- long hours- long hours
- ability to adapt- ability to adapt- practice schedules, game changes- practice schedules, game changes- environment- environment
- empathy- empathy- the capacity to enter into the feeling or spirit of - the capacity to enter into the feeling or spirit of
another person.another person.
- sense of humor- sense of humor- helps lighten mood in tense situations- helps lighten mood in tense situations- help relieve stress- help relieve stress- ranked most important by patients- ranked most important by patients
- ability to communicate- ability to communicate- good communication skills key in dealing with many types of entities – parents, - good communication skills key in dealing with many types of entities – parents,
coaches, administrators, athletescoaches, administrators, athletes
- intellectual curiosity- intellectual curiosity- always learning – there is always something new out there or a better way to - always learning – there is always something new out there or a better way to
do somethingdo something
- ethics- ethics- must always act with the highest standards- must always act with the highest standards
The Sports Medicine TeamThe Sports Medicine Team
School nurse
Student Trainer
Athlete
Coach
Athletic Trainer
Team Physician
Parent
Urologist
Team Dentist
Physical Therapist
Urologist
Cardiologist
Allergist
Neurologist
Chiropractor
PodiatristPrimary Care Physician
Equipment ManagerRegistered Dietitian
National Athletic Training National Athletic Training Certification - RequirementsCertification - Requirements
College students must enter a College students must enter a program that is CAATE certified.program that is CAATE certified.• 18 programs in Texas (16 18 programs in Texas (16
undergraduate, 2 entry-level undergraduate, 2 entry-level master) master)
• TCU, UTA, UT, TTU, Baylor, Texas TCU, UTA, UT, TTU, Baylor, Texas State to name a fewState to name a few
• Website for CAATE Website for CAATE http://www.caate.net/http://www.caate.net/
CAATE programsCAATE programs 12 area that you will master by the time you 12 area that you will master by the time you
graduategraduate• Risk management and injury preventionRisk management and injury prevention• Pathology of injuries and illnessesPathology of injuries and illnesses• Orthopedic clinical examination and diagnosesOrthopedic clinical examination and diagnoses• Medical conditions and disabilitiesMedical conditions and disabilities• Acute care of injuries and illnessesAcute care of injuries and illnesses• Therapeutic modalitiesTherapeutic modalities• Conditioning and rehabilitative exerciseConditioning and rehabilitative exercise• PharmacologyPharmacology• Psychosocial intervention and referralPsychosocial intervention and referral• Nutritional aspects of injuries and illnessesNutritional aspects of injuries and illnesses• Health care administrationHealth care administration• Professional development and responsibilityProfessional development and responsibility
CertificationCertification
Complete CAATE programComplete CAATE program Proof of graduation from schoolProof of graduation from school Endorsement from CAATE programEndorsement from CAATE program CPR/first aid certifiedCPR/first aid certified Pass certification testPass certification test
State LicensureState Licensure 45 states have some type of licensure, 45 states have some type of licensure,
registration, certification at the state level to registration, certification at the state level to protect athletic trainers.protect athletic trainers.• 32 states have licensure32 states have licensure
Licensure the most restrictive (which is good)Licensure the most restrictive (which is good) For licensure you must meet a minimum level of For licensure you must meet a minimum level of
requirements to work in the state or you cannot requirements to work in the state or you cannot practice as an athletic trainerpractice as an athletic trainer
Some use there own test; some use the BOC testSome use there own test; some use the BOC test• Texas has there own testTexas has there own test• Passing test does not allow you to work outside the state Passing test does not allow you to work outside the state
of Texasof Texas
Review/Clinical application Review/Clinical application exercisesexercises
An athletic trainer has taken a job working in a An athletic trainer has taken a job working in a sports medicine clinic that has four physical sports medicine clinic that has four physical therapists and two PTA’s. The clinic has never therapists and two PTA’s. The clinic has never employed an AT before, and there is uncertainty employed an AT before, and there is uncertainty among the PT’s as to exactly the role the athletic among the PT’s as to exactly the role the athletic trainer will play in the function of the clinictrainer will play in the function of the clinic
How does the role of the athletic trainer working How does the role of the athletic trainer working in a clinic differ from the responsibilities of the in a clinic differ from the responsibilities of the athletic trainer working in a university or athletic trainer working in a university or secondary setting?secondary setting?
Clinical application exercise #2Clinical application exercise #2
A high school is looking into hiring there A high school is looking into hiring there first athletic trainer. However the first athletic trainer. However the administrators do not completely administrators do not completely understand why an athletic trainer may be understand why an athletic trainer may be more beneficial for their athletes than an more beneficial for their athletes than an EMT.EMT.
What reasons should the local athletic What reasons should the local athletic trainers use to persuade the trainers use to persuade the administrators to hire one at their school?administrators to hire one at their school?
Clinical application exercise #3Clinical application exercise #3 A basketball player suffers a grade 2 ankle A basketball player suffers a grade 2 ankle
sprain – after 3 weeks of rehab most of the sprain – after 3 weeks of rehab most of the pain and swelling has been eliminated. pain and swelling has been eliminated. The athlete is anxious to get back and The athlete is anxious to get back and subsequent injuries to teammates have subsequent injuries to teammates have placed pressure on the coach to want the placed pressure on the coach to want the player back quickly. Unfortunately the player back quickly. Unfortunately the player is still unable to perform basketball player is still unable to perform basketball skills, cutting and jumping.skills, cutting and jumping.
Who is responsible for making the decision Who is responsible for making the decision regarding when the athlete can fully return regarding when the athlete can fully return to practice and game situations?to practice and game situations?
Clinical application exercise #4Clinical application exercise #4 A young athletic trainer has just taken their first A young athletic trainer has just taken their first
job at a high school, the school administrators are job at a high school, the school administrators are concerned about the number of athletes who get concerned about the number of athletes who get hurt playing various sports. They have charged hurt playing various sports. They have charged the athletic trainer with the task of developing a the athletic trainer with the task of developing a program that can effectively help prevent of program that can effectively help prevent of injury to athletes in all sports at the school.injury to athletes in all sports at the school.
What actions can the athletic trainer take to What actions can the athletic trainer take to reduce the number of injuries and to minimize the reduce the number of injuries and to minimize the risk of injury in competitive athletes at the risk of injury in competitive athletes at the school?school?
Clinical application exercise #5Clinical application exercise #5
A second semester college sophomore has A second semester college sophomore has decided that she is interested in becoming decided that she is interested in becoming a certified athletic trainer. She happens to a certified athletic trainer. She happens to attend a school that has an advanced level attend a school that has an advanced level athletic training but not a entry level athletic training but not a entry level program.program.
How can this student effectively achieve How can this student effectively achieve her goal of becoming a certified athletic her goal of becoming a certified athletic trainer?trainer?
Clinical application exercise #6Clinical application exercise #6
A certified athletic trainer moves to a A certified athletic trainer moves to a different state to take a new job. She different state to take a new job. She discovers that in that state the ATC must discovers that in that state the ATC must be licensed to practice athletic training.be licensed to practice athletic training.
Since she was registered as an athletic Since she was registered as an athletic trainer in the other state she wonders if trainer in the other state she wonders if she must go through the process of she must go through the process of getting a license in her new state?getting a license in her new state?