High Speed Networks5 - Fiber Optic Networks
Edoardo BereraTelelinea
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Plan
• Fiberoptic cables• UNSA: ATM & Gigabit networks• Renater 2• NTI• TEN-155 / GEANT• FLAG• SEA-ME-WE 3• Project OXYGEN
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Fiberoptic Cables
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UNSA
• Backbone– ATM 155 Mb/s
• User access– IP over ATM– Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s
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UNSA
• Backbone– ATM 155 Mb/s
• Evolution to Gigabit/s campus network– Tests Commutateurs
Gigabit Ethernet
• User access– IP over ATM– Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s
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Gigabit Ethernet
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Renater 2
• Réseau National de Télécommunication pour l’Enseignement et la Recherche
• IPv4 et IPv6 (G6)
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NTI
• Noeud de Transit International
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TEN-155
• Trans-European Network
• 155 Mb/s
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GEANT
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FLAG
• Fiber Link Around the Globe
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FLAG Cable
• Two fibre pairs - each operating at 5 Gb/s.• Over 28,000 kilometres of cable. • 120,000 digital circuits operating at 64 kb/s. • Up to 600,000 simultaneous conversations per segment. • 326 erbium-doped optical amplifiers. • Four fibre-switched branching units.• Diversely routed land crossings - two in Egypt and two in Thailand.• Operational since November 22, 1997• Installed and commissioned in 27 months• Cost 1.5 B$
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Erbium doped optical amplifier
Source: IEEE Spectrum
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SEA-ME-WE 3
• South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3– Germany to Australia, Taiwan, Korea and Japan
• operational since August 30, 1999
• 38 000 Km, 2 pairs of fibers – direct optical amplification
– wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
– 8 wavelengths (colors) per pair of fibers
– bypass units allow the insertion/extraction of one or two colors per fiber
– 30 000 telephone circuits per wavelength
– 483 840 digital 64 kb/s circuits
• 33 countries, 25 years of lifetime, 1.5 B$
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WDM and DWDM
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Source: S.V. Kartalopoulos, « Introduction to DWDM Technology: Data in a Rainbow », chapter 5, IEEE/SPIE
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Project OXYGEN
• Neil Tagare, the originator of the FLAG cable
– Bechtel Corporation is OXYGEN's project manager
– Lehman Brothers serves as its financial advisor
• 169000 km
• DWDM technology
• 2.56 terabits of capacity
• 97 landing points in 76 countries
• Initial budget 15 B$
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Landing Points
• Phase 1B – Egypt - Port Said
– Egypt - Alexandria
– France - Antibes
– Gibraltar - Gibraltar
– Greece - Athens
– Ireland - Dublin
– Israel - Tel Aviv
– Italy - Genoa
– Italy - Lido Di Ostia
– Lebanon - Beirut
– Malta - Valletta
– Monaco - Monaco
– Spain - Conil
– Spain - Barcelona
– Syria - Tartus
– Tunisia - Tunis
– Turkey - Izmir
– U.K. - Fareham
– U.S.A. - Tuckerton
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Project OXYGEN
• Subscription price
– 10 M$ for 1.24 Gb/s network access for 25 years
– plus 9% per year for Operations and Maintenance of Network and Terminal Station
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References
• CRI, UNSA• Renater• DANTE• FLAG• FCR• Project OXYGEN