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HEMPHazard and Effects
Management Program
Objective:Objective:
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After this session you will be able to:
• Understand How to Manage Hazards and their Effects
• Understand your role and responsibility in the HEMP process
• Have clear understanding of how Hazards and Effects Management (HEMP) fits into the HSE Control Framework
• Understand the 6 Practical Steps for completing a HEMP review
• Have enough knowledge to discuss HEMP and ask the right questions
After this session you will be able to:
• Understand How to Manage Hazards and their Effects
• Understand your role and responsibility in the HEMP process
• Have clear understanding of how Hazards and Effects Management (HEMP) fits into the HSE Control Framework
• Understand the 6 Practical Steps for completing a HEMP review
• Have enough knowledge to discuss HEMP and ask the right questions
HEMPHazard and Effects Management Program
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• The HEMP is at the heart of our HSE Management Systems. It’s where the planning turns into action.
• HSE Risk Management relies primarily on HEMP and it’s associated tools.
What is a HEMP?• All our activities have the potential to harm people and the environment or
cause damage to assets, financial loss, and to adversely impact on reputation.
• To manage these risks, we use a Hazard and Effects Management Process
(HEMP)
• A HEMP is a structured approach to identifying and managing the hazards and
potential effects of these activities.
• The overall objective is to reduce risks to As Low As Reasonably Practicable
(ALARP).
• A HEMP evaluation can be detailed e.g. an HSE Case for a high-risk activity such
as Road Transport
• ... or a relatively short e.g. For a single task in a mechanical workshop such as
changing a tyre.
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HEMPHazard and Effects Management Program
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HEMP Application Steps:HEMP Application Steps:
Identify (the hazard, and hazardous events)Identify (the hazard, and hazardous events)
Assess (the Risks)Assess (the Risks)
Control (the threats that might release the hazard that leads to the Control (the threats that might release the hazard that leads to the hazardous event)hazardous event)
Recover (from the hazardous event, if possible before incurring an Recover (from the hazardous event, if possible before incurring an unwanted consequence)unwanted consequence)
How to Manage Hazards and their Effects
The 6 HEMP Steps
Implementing a HEMP
Identify Hazards
Assess Risk
Develop Controls
Risk ALARP?
Plan Recovery
N
Y
Record Process
Moving Heavy Equipment
Working at Height
Flammable Hydrocarbons
Raised Objects
HAZARD - An agent that has the potential to cause harm to People, damage to Assets, business loss and Impact on the Environment or Reputation
Hazards are systematically identified using a standard hazard checklist
Rotating Machinery
Moving Vehicles
Chemicals
Step1Hazard Identification
1. The potential to harm people or the
environment, cause damage to or loss of
assets, or adversely impact reputation.
2. Consider the hazards arising during the
entire lifecycle of an asset or activity;
• Planning, mobilisation & set-up
• Routine conditions
• Abnormal conditions (e.g. weather
extremes & use of back-ups)
• Reasonably foreseeable incidents
and/or emergency situations
• Demobilisation
• Past activities
As a start, consider these hazards:
• Flammable and explosive substances
• Chemicals and toxic substances
• Land Transport
• Working at heights above 2m
• Confined spaces
• Slips, trips and falls
• Machinery with moving parts
• Extreme temperatures
• Electricity
• Objects under induced stress
• Lifting and moving equipment
• Security
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Step1Hazard Identification
CONSEQUENCES (Effects) - the impacts on People, Assets, Environment and Reputation if a Hazard is Released
2 – ASSESS the Risk2 – ASSESS the RiskIdentification Of Consequences And Assessment Of Risks
Legal Legal ActioActio
nn
Fire
ToxiToxic c
Gas Gas ClouClou
dd
Lost Time
Injury
DeatDeathh
Discharges and Emissions
ExplosioExplosionn
ComplComplaintsaints
Fall in Fall in Share PriceShare Price
2 – ASSESS the RiskUse the Matrix to:
• Assess the risks of the
identified hazards by
assessing the
likelihood of the effect
occurring and its
consequence.
• Categorise each risk as
Low, Medium, or High.
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2 – ASSESS the Risk
• Risk is the likelihood that a specific consequence will occur within a specified period
• Risk is therefore a function of the severity of a consequence and the likelihood of the consequence
• In using the PDO RAM, we consider the worst credible consequence to People, Assets, Environment and Reputation
• Likelihood is HISTORICAL (has it happened before in The location? The organisation? The industry?)
• Risk rating (ranking) is the resulting position on the RAM
RISK = Consequences X Likelihood
Increasing Increasing Likelihood Likelihood
of of Top EventTop Event
Increasing RiskIncreasing Risk
Identification Of Consequences And Assessment Of Risks
2 – ASSESS the 2 – ASSESS the RiskRisk
Increasing Consequence
Severity
3- CONTROL the risk
• Following assessment of risks, HEMP requires that controls be applied in order to reduce risks to ALARP.
• Controls should focus on risk elimination and reduction before recovery measures.
• Controls should include preventative and mitigation measures involving active, passive and/or operational systems.
• Examples of operational systems to be considered include:
• Training programs
• Monitoring programs
• Procedures & work instructions
• Management plans
• Emergency response plans
• Audit and inspection programs.
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4 – Is the Risk ‘ALARP’?
“As low as reasonably practicable”.
Risks are ALARP when the time,
effort, difficulty and cost of further
risk reduction measures have been
assessed as being unreasonable in
regard to the additional risk
reduction.
ALARP has NOT been achieved if, a
small increase in cost and effort,
could greatly reduce a risk.
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Acceptable level of risk
6 1 2 3 4 5
Level of risk remaining after control option is applied
Cost & effort of implementing each control option
Control Options
Ris
k
$$ & Effort
5 – RECOVERING if the controls fail
Once the controls required to reduce the risk to ALARP have been identified, an additional examination of the hazard control measures should be made
This will to identify how recovery from a hazard can be accomplished if all of the controls fail.
Note they will be recorded as another control
• Physical equipment (e.g. roll-bars, seat belts, airbags).
• Action plans for emergency response (e.g. call-out duty roster).
• Curative measures (e.g. medical facilities, first aid training).
• Compensative measures (e.g. financial payments).
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Plan Recovery Plan Recovery Identification of Barriers (the Control and Recovery Measures)
• CONTROLS prevent the threat from releasing the hazard to cause the Top
Event.
• RECOVERY MEASURES mitigate the Top Event or the worst credible
consequences.
TTHHRREEAATT
HHAAZZAARRDD
TOP TOP EVENTEVENT
CONSEQUENCE
RECOVERY
CCOONNTTRROOLLSS
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Load Load PlanPlan
Examples of Controls, Recovery MeasuresExamples of Controls, Recovery Measures
• CONTROLSCONTROLS prevent the threat from releasing the hazard to cause the Top Event.
• RECOVERY MEASURESRECOVERY MEASURES mitigate the Top Event or the worst credible consequences.
Design Design StandardsStandards
Emergency Emergency Response Response
PlansPlans
Blast Resistan
t Modules
Access Access ControlControl
Antilock Antilock Braking Braking SystemSystem
Community Community Relations Relations PlanningPlanning
6 – RECORD6 – RECORD• The final step of HEMP is formally
recording the process.
• This is typically done by recording the findings in a HEMP Register
• Please note this is a live document.
• It must be reviewed and changed regularly
• It must be used onsite by the people planning the jobs
A HEMP register should include:
• A description of the hazard.
• Probable threats
• Possible consequences
• Escalation factors increasing the likelihood or severity of an incident.
• asks undertaken to provide or maintain controls or recovery measures (HSE-Critical Tasks).
• Positions responsible for HSE-Critical Tasks (HSE-Critical Positions).
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Exercise1.Imagine you are the
owner of the Nairobi Zoo, and you have the opportunity to acquire a lion for your zoo.
2.Up until now you have only had sheep and rabbits in your zoo.
3.Identify the Hazard, Top event and Consequence, RAM your Consequence
4.What can go wrong and how can you prevent this from happening?
5.What happens if the Lion Gets out? What do you do?
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Hazard Threat BarriersTop
EventRecoveryMeasures Consequences
Lion HumanError;
Improper design
etc.
Loss ofControl;
Lion Gets out
Zoo Emergency Response
Plan
Accident, Injuries,Fatalities
Lion at the Zoo
Materials
of Const.;
Zoo Keeper Rounds etc.
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Identify Hazards
Assess Risk
Develop Controls
Risk ALARP?
Plan Recovery
N
Y
Record Process
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