Hardware and Hardware and Operating Operating SystemsSystems
Week 8Week 8
Computer Computer Language and Language and
FunctionsFunctions
VocabularyVocabulary
VideoVideoPlease listen to the video in the Please listen to the video in the following slide for an explanation of following slide for an explanation of SWITCHES and the BINARY SYSTEMSWITCHES and the BINARY SYSTEM
Bill Nye the Bill Nye the Science Guy- Science Guy- ComputersComputers
Computer Computer LanguageLanguage
To represent information, computers use To represent information, computers use combinations of just two numbers: 0 and combinations of just two numbers: 0 and 1. We know this as the 1. We know this as the Binary System.Binary System.
The smallest unit of information that a The smallest unit of information that a computer can store (a 0 or a 1) is called a computer can store (a 0 or a 1) is called a bit.bit. A bit can also be represented by the A bit can also be represented by the lower case lower case bb..
Eight bits together form a Eight bits together form a bytebyte. A byte . A byte can also be represented by the upper can also be represented by the upper case case BB..
Computer Computer LanguageLanguage
Unit Symbol Equivalent
Unit Symbol Equivalent
Kibibyte KiB 1024 bytes
Kilobyte kB 1000 bytes
Mebibyte MiB 1024 KiB Megabyte
MB 1000 kB
Gibibyte GiB 1024 MiB Gigabyte GB 1000 MB
Tebibyte TiB 1024 GiB Terabyte TB 1000 GB
Computer Computer LanguageLanguage
ASCII is used to store the different symbols ASCII is used to store the different symbols and letters of the alphabet.and letters of the alphabet.
ASCII stands for ASCII stands for AAmerican merican SStandard tandard CCode ode for for IInformation nformation IInterchange.nterchange.
A binary code of eight digits using only 0 or A binary code of eight digits using only 0 or 1 is used to represent letters or symbols.1 is used to represent letters or symbols.
Example of ASCIIExample of ASCIIBinary Value Binary Value
00100100 & 01000001 A
00101011 + 01000010 B
00101101 - 01000011 C
00111101 = 01000100 D
Computer Computer LanguageLanguage
Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions
HardwareHardware is the physical parts of the is the physical parts of the computer.computer.
Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions
SoftwareSoftware or or programsprograms is the is the datadata and and instructions used to manage the data.instructions used to manage the data.
Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions
Computers carry out four different Computers carry out four different functionsfunctions
Data Data inputinput and and outputoutput by means of by means of peripheral devicesperipheral devices
Data Data storagestorage in in storage devicesstorage devices
ProcessingProcessing in the central processing unit, in the central processing unit, made up of the made up of the microprocessormicroprocessor and the and the memorymemory..
Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions
Input Devices
Input Devices
Storage DevicesStorage Devices
Output DevicesOutput Devices
Central Processing
Unit
Central Processing
Unit
MemoryMemory
Input DevicesInput Devices
Output DevicesOutput Devices
Storage DevicesStorage Devices
Central Central Processing UnitProcessing Unit
The central processing unit (CPU) is the The central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware that carries out the hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer programinstructions of a computer program
All modern CPUs are microprocessors- All modern CPUs are microprocessors- meaning contained on a single chipmeaning contained on a single chip
MemoryMemoryMemoryMemory are the physical devices used are the physical devices used to store data or programs on a to store data or programs on a temporary or permanent basistemporary or permanent basis
Decide if the listed devices are Decide if the listed devices are input or output devicesinput or output devices
Computer Computer ElementsElements
VocabularyVocabulary
Computer Computer ElementsElements
MicroprocessorMicroprocessor is an integrated circuit made up is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working togetherof millions of tiny transistors working together
Clock rateClock rate sets the pace of work. Every time the sets the pace of work. Every time the microprocessor receives an impulse, it carries microprocessor receives an impulse, it carries out an operationout an operation
RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory)- is the computers - is the computers main memorymain memory
Cache memory-Cache memory- is faster than RAM, and is found is faster than RAM, and is found in between the RAM and the Microprocessor.in between the RAM and the Microprocessor.
ROM BIOS-ROM BIOS- automatically runs an initial check on automatically runs an initial check on the systemthe system
Computer Computer ElementsElements
There are three types of storage There are three types of storage devicesdevices
Magnetic: hard disk, external hard diskMagnetic: hard disk, external hard disk
Optical: CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray DiscOptical: CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc
Solid-state: pen drives and memory cardsSolid-state: pen drives and memory cards
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