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CLOUDCOMPUTINGGREE
N
- SHREYAS KHARE
04/10/20232
OUTLINE
Cloud Computin
g
Cloud Computing Impacts
Green Cloud
Performance&
Efficiency
Cloud Computin
g Architectu
re
Case Study
Conclusion
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“Cloud Computing is a paradigm in which information is
permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached
temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment
centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers,
hand-helds, sensors, monitors, etc.”
- 2008 IEEE paper
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3 Main Types or Personalities
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): A wide range of application services delivered via various business models normally available as public offering
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Application development platforms provides authoring and runtime environment
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Also known as elastic compute clouds, enable virtual hardware for various uses
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IaaS
Cloud Programming Environment and Tools: Web 2.0, Mashups, Concurrent and Distributed
Programming, WorkflowCloud Hosting Platforms: QoS Negotiation Admission Control, Pricing, SLA Management,
Monitoring
Cloud Physical Resources: Storage, virtualized clusters, servers, network.
Scientific Computing, Enterprise ISV, Social Networking, Gaming
Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale, Jovent
Animoto, Sales Force, Google Document
User Applications
User-level and infrastructure level Platform
Google AppEngine, MapReduce, Aneka, Microsoft
Azure
Infrastructure
SaaS
PaaS
Cloud Economy
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Elastic
Market Oriented(Pay As You Go)
VirtualizedService Oriented
Dynamic&
Distributed
Shared(Economy of
Scale)
CloudComputing
• Gartner Report 2007: IT industry contributes 2% of world's total CO2 emissions
• U.S. EPA Report 2007: 1.5% of total U.S. power consumption used by data centers which has more than doubled since 2000 and costs $4.5 billion
Dark sideBenefits
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Computer Rm. AC 34%
Server/Storage 50%
Conversion 7%
Network 7%
Lighting 2%
Source: APC
Compute resources and particularly servers are at the heart of a complex, evolving system!
Where Does the Power Go?
Power Consumption in the Datacenter
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Clouds Impact on the Environment
Data centers are not only expensive to maintain, but also unfriendly to the environment. Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is
now more than both Argentina and the Netherlands emission.
High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are incurred due to the massive amount of electricity needed to power and cool the numerous servers hosted in these data centers.
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Green Cloud: “performance” “energy efficiency”
As energy costs are increasing, there is a need to shift focus from optimising data center resource management for pure performance alone to optimising for energy efficiency while maintaining high service level performance.
We propose Green Cloud computing model that achieves not only efficient processing and utilisation of computing infrastructure, but also minimise energy consumption.
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Green Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud Infrastructure
Energy Monitor
Consumer Profiler
Accounting
Consumers(or their Brokers)
GreenService
Allocator
Power Off
Virtual Machines
(VMs)
Physical Machines
Power On Power On Power Off
Green Negotiator
PricingService
Analyzer
VM Manager
Service Scheduler
Consumer Interface
CloudInterface
Cloud ServiceProvider
Cloud ServiceProvider
Cloud ServiceProvider
QoS and energy-basedprovisioning
Broker
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Public Cloud B
PrivateCloud
End User
Carbon Emission Directory
Public Cloud A
a) Request a cloud service
d) Allocate service
e) Request service allocation
c) Request energy efficiency information
Green Offer Directory
b) Request any green offerRouters Internet
Green Broker
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Green Offer and Carbon Emission Directory
Carbon Emission Directory Contains data on Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE), cooling efficiency, carbon footprint, network cost
Helps user to select cloud services with minimum carbon footprint
Require more carbon transparency from providers
Government role by enforcing policies such as Carbon Tax
Green Offer Directory Incentive for users
Choosing more carbon efficient hours Lists services with their discounted prices and
green hours
Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)
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UCAD Data Center Campus Wide Backbone Area occupied : - 60 square meters Operates 24 hours a day Servers : - 500 watts each Green Data Center approach : - Racks Cloud Computing involves : -
1. Workload Diversification2. Power management flexibility
Low Power Processors in data centers : - Microsoft
Earth Rangers
Case Study of Senegal
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Rack Design
Horizontal Approach : - “Rack” Design
Peak Daily Energy : - 23 KW Normal Daily Usage : - 6.8 KW Cloud Scheme : - Two Full Racks
completely powered for 24/7 Area Required : - 1240 sq. feet
Solar PV Array
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Data Centers:
As of 2007, 14% of all ICT emission is caused by Data Centers
Roughly 50% of the emission due to data centers is due to power system losses and cooling loads
Rapid Growth in use of IPTV, VOIP, enterprise IT Use of both Corporate and Internet Data Centers.
Indian Scenario
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Conclusions
Clouds are essentially Data Centres hosting application services offered on a subscription basis. However, they consume high energy to maintain their operations. high operational cost + environmental impact
Presented a Carbon Aware Green Cloud Framework to improve the carbon footprint of Cloud computing
Open Issues: Lots of research to be carried out Maximizing Efficiency of Green Data Centers Developing Regions to benefit the most
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References Keynote Paper
• Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability - Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya.
Green Cloud Computing : Balancing Energy in Processing, Storage, and Transport By Jayant Baliga, Robert W. A. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker
An Intelligent Cloud Computing Architecture Supporting e-Governance by Rajkumar Sharma and Priyesh Kanungo
PUE: The Green Grid metric for evaluating the energy efficiency in DC (Data Center). Measurement method using the Power Demand by Enrique laureguialzo
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