GREEK STYLE OF CIVILIZATION
1. Why did the Neolithic farmers produced high civilization in Greece? What happened to them?
2. Minoan civilization influence on inhabitants of the Greek mainland
3. Mycenae - Civilization based on piracy – issues of survival according to McNeil?
4. Dark Ages in Greece and the return of civilized ways?
WARM UP
ANCIENT GREECE
EARLY GREECE: THE PEOPLING
Mycenae
THE DARK AGESDorian invaders and Iron and the return of civilized ways
ARISTOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
Rich/poor/armed fighters?Debtor trap….Tribal society
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF SETTLING
Evolution of Clan power at expense of Kings At first they moved around so… Eventually, settle down so…
NOBLE COUNCILS
Councils of
nobles rise
Less need to mobilizeAll fighters
Families scattered – by clan
Power of king weakened
Members ofAristocratic Council appointedTo handle public Affairs for a set time
Kingship itselfSometimes appoin-TiveAuthority in hands ofTemporary appointees
Backed up by economicpower
IMPACT OF NEW MILITARY TACTICS
Aristocratic dominance in Government and power plusHorses =???
Greek bible? Lessons taughtHomeric gods and Greek philosophy?
IONIAN EXAMPLEHTTP: / /WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=YES8NMJHNH0
THE POLIS
Why Ionia?
Model of the warBand, but…
Where did the Dorian/Indo-European invaders come form? Why do we guess did the leave?
Why aristocratic governments?What was law to the ancient Greeks?Homer was to the Greeks, what the bible was to the
Hebrews. Explain.Philosophy was to the Greeks what ethical
monotheism was to the people of the Middle East. Explain…
INTERNAL REVIEW
Comparison to the HebrewsGood laws600 BC
Caught up with Ionia560 – Ionian cities fall to Croesus, King of Persia.
THE ROLE OF LAW…
THE HOPLITE PHALANX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_formation
The social and politicalConsequences of the polis
Reversal of the Calvary revol-ution….
The polis as an extension of each individual citizenThe demands it madeSelf-confidenceManners/mores of the Polis
Too rich? Personal display Rich as patrons of the city / not self-indulgent Personal participation
Idoiote The phalanx etc. MALE citizens – except Sparta
Women, foreigners and slaves.
SPIRIT OF THE POLIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQUYwDi08v4http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=auLhL-6dk4Q&feature=related
@ 3:56Handouts – Your assignment –Make the case that it
was Sparta rather than Athens was the ideal Greek city state.
ATHENS V SPARTA
Where did the Indo-Euoprean/ Dorians invaders come from? What guesses as to why?
To the Greeks where did law come from?Homer was to the Greeks what the Bible was to the
Hebrews. Explain.Philosophy was to the Greeks what ethical
monotheism was to the people of the middle east. Explain.
INTERNAL REVIEW
COLONIES, TRADE AND TYRANTS
The problem of rapid population growthResponses:
Pisistratus in Athens – the NEW politics of mass direct democracy Tyrants and redistribution of land
Colonization Trade
Different from Middle East Farmers had beneficial stake in market exchanges Small land owning class except Sparta The Ideal?
TYRANTS, COLONIES AND TRADE
THE GREEKS CONTAINED
Trade in oil and wine – export – Movement overseas to new colonies – down why? Suitable costal land?
Carthaginians, Etruscans = northern Italy 535 Asia Minor – conquest by Lydia and then by Persia Loss of Dardanelles – no access to Black Sea
Need for labor to help in export trade In active seacoast towns = merchants, artisans, and sailors
= numerous and politically important Alter class divisions between rich and poor - used to be
ownership of land
THE DECLINE OF COLONIZATION
New social classes had impact in Athens toward democracy
Athenian Fleet Shortly after 500 BCE, naval phalanx? Empire 480 BCE – Defeat Persia Rowers = political power
Shift of power to poorer citizens Collective sense of worth, power dignity
DEVELOPMENT TOWARD DEMOCRACY
Athens is different = shift of power to property less
Other cities = no , except when forced to do by Athens Others = only well to do who could buy weapons and amour
Athenian Democracy deeply impressive Could attend assembly and vote Served on governing committee of 50 Chosen by lot for 1 month terms
Lasted until 431 BCE ( war with Sparta)Limits of Athenian democracy
Slavery Horror of the silver mines @ Laurium.
SPECIAL CASE OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY