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Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated
on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, Greece shares land borders with
Albaniato the northwest, the Republic of Macedoniaand Bulgariato the north and
Turkeyto the northeast. The country consists of nine geographic regions
Macedonia, !entral Greece, the "eloponnese,Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean #slands
$including the %odecaneseand !yclades&,Thrace, !rete, and the #onian #slands. TheAegean Sealies to the east of the 'ainland, the #onian Seato the west, and the
Mediterranean Seato the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the
Mediterranean Basinand the ((th longest coastline in the worldat (),*+* k'
$,- 'i& in length, featuring a /ast nu'ber of islands$appro0i'ately 1,222, of
which 11+ are inhabited&. Eighty percent of Greece is 'ountainous, of which Mount
3ly'pusis the highest peak at 1,(+ ' $,4+2 ft&.
5#ST3R6The earliest e/idence of the presence of hu'an ancestors in the Balkans, dated to
1+2,222 B!, is to be found in the "etralona ca/e, in the Greek pro/ince of
Macedonia.7(28All three stages of the stone age $"aleolithic, Mesolithic, and
9eolithic& are represented in Greece, for e0a'ple in the :ranchthi !a/e.7((89eolithic
settle'ents in Greece, dating fro' the +th 'illenniu' B!,7(28are the oldest in
Europe by se/eral centuries, as Greece lies on the route /ia which far'ing spread
fro' the 9ear Eastto Europe
.
!;RRE9!6The name drachmais derived from the verb (drssomai, "(I) grasp")!n #It is be$ievedthat the same %ord %ith the meaning of "handful" or "handle" is fo&nd in'inear tab$ets of the*+enean *$os!#!n -#Initia$$* a dra+hma %as a fistf&$ (a "grasp") of si. obolo or obelo(meta$sti+/s, $itera$$* "spits") &sed as a form of +&rren+* as ear$* as 0011 2 and being a form of"b&$$ion"3 bron4e, +opper, or iron ingots denominated b* %eight 5hoardof over 061 rod7shapedobe$oi %ere &n+overed at 8eraion of 5rgosine$oponnese 9i. of them are disp$a*ed at the:&mismati+ &se&m of 5thens
It %as the standard &nit of si$ver +oinage at most an+ient ;ree/ mints, and the name ?0@ 2) %ho %as informed b*the priests of 8eraion that heidon, /ing of 5rgos, dedi+ated rod7shaped obe$oi to 8eraion9imi$ar information abo&t heidon
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s*mbo$s of the +it*, /no%n asbadgein n&mismati+s, a$ong %ith s&itab$e ins+riptions, and the*%o&$d often be referred to either b* the name of the +it* or of the image depi+ted The e.a+te.+hange va$&e of ea+h %as determined b* the C&antit* and C&a$it* of the meta$, %hi+h ref$e+tedon the rep&tation of ea+h mint
5mong the ;ree/ +ities that &sed the dra+hma %ere3 5bdera,5b*dos,5$e.andria, 5etna,5ntio+h, 5thens, 2hios, 2*4i+&s,2orinth, Bphes&s, Bretria,;e$a,2atana,Dos, aronia,:a.os,e$$a, ergam&m, Ehegion,9a$amis,9m*rni, 9parta,9*ra+&se, Tars&s, Thasos, Tenedos, Tro*and more
The 6th +ent&r* 2 5theniantetradrachm("fo&r dra+hmae") +oin%as perhaps the most %ide$*&sed +oin in the ;ree/ %or$d prior to the time of5$e.ander the ;reat(a$ong %ith the2orinthianstater) It feat&red the he$meted profi$e b&st of 5thenaon the obverse (front) and an o%$ on thereverse (ba+/) In dai$* &se the* %ere +a$$ed FG HJ glaukes(o%$s),!>#hen+ethe proverbKG HL
MNOP,
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5 modern person might thin/ of one dra+hma as the ro&gh eC&iva$ent of a s/i$$ed %or/er@ grams, %hi+h%ere s&bdivided into fo&r tetartemoria of 10= grams, one of the sma$$est +oins ever str&+/,appro.imate$* 6?> mm in diameter!0#
Denominations of silver drachma
Image Denomination Value Weight Greek
Qe/adra+hm 01 dra+hmae - grams _HWO
Tetradra+hm - dra+hmae 0>@ grams `WO
Qidra+hm @ dra+hmae =A grams _VWO
Qra+hma A obo$s - grams _WN
Tetrobo$ - obo$s @=6 grams `cGO
Triobo$(hemidra+hm)
obo$s(0@dra+hma)
@06 grams`cGO!n 6#
( VWO)
Qiobo$ @ obo$s 0- grams _cGO
bo$- tetartemoria(0Adra+hma)
1>@ gramscGJ
( cGJ)
Tritartemorion tetartemoria 16- grams `O
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guldengroschenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guldengroschenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_provincial_coinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guldengroschenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_provincial_coinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-187/25/2019 Greece is Strategically Located at the Crossroads of Europe
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(O)
8emiobo$@ tetartemoria
(0@obo$)1A grams
cGO( cGO) !n A#
Trihemitetartemorion @tetartemorion 1@> grams `O
Tetartemorion
0
-obo$ 10= grams
`O
(O,NO)
8emitetartemorion 0@tetartemorion 11Z grams O
Historic currency divisions
= chalkoij 0 obolusA oboloij 0 drachma>1 drachmaej 0 mina(or mna), $ater 011 drachmaej 0 mina!0-#
A1 minaej 0Athenian Talent(5thenian standard) !06#
inae and ta$ents %ere never a+t&a$$* minted3 the* represented %eight meas&res &sed for+ommodities (eg grain) as %e$$ as meta$s $i/e si$ver or go$d The:e% Testamentmentions bothdidra+hma and, b* imp$i+ation, tetradra+hma in +onte.t of theTemp$e ta. '&/e
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./M
9in+e ar+h 0ZZ=
^i.ed rate sin+e 0Z k&ne @111
Eep$a+ed b* , non+ash
0 kan&ar* @110
Eep$a+ed b* ,+ash
0 kan&ar* @11@
j -1>61 _
#u*unit
0011 $eptn()
#ym*ol _W, _ or
)oins
^reC &sed 6, 01, @1, 61, 011, 611 _
Eare$* &sed 01 , @1 , 61 , 0 and @ _
0anknotes
^reC &sed 011, @11, 611, 0111, 6111,01,111 _
Eare$* &sed 61 _
1rinter an/ of ;ree+e!citation needed#
lebsite %%%ban/ofgree+egr
Mint an/ of ;ree+e!citation needed#
lebsite %%%ban/ofgree+egrThis infobo. sho%s the $atest stat&s before this +&rren+* %asrendered obso$ete
2irst modern drachma
The dra+hma %as reintrod&+ed in a* 0=@, short$* before the estab$ishment of the modern stateof ;ree+e (%ith the e.+eption of the s&bdivision Ta&r&s)!0>#It rep$a+ed thephoenixat par Thedra+hma %as s&bdivided into 011 $epta!n >#
)oins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_leptonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_symbolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(publisher)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.bankofgreece.gr/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_(coin)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.bankofgreece.gr/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(currency)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_leptonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_leptonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_symbolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(publisher)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.bankofgreece.gr/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_(coin)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.bankofgreece.gr/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(currency)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_leptonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-247/25/2019 Greece is Strategically Located at the Crossroads of Europe
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The first +oinage +onsisted of +opper denominations of 0, @, 6 and 01 $epta, si$ver denominationsof q, , 0 and 6 dra+hmae and a go$d +oin of @1 dra+hmae The dra+hma +oin %eighed -6 g and+ontained Z1 si$ver, %ith the @17dra+hma +oin +ontaining 6= g of go$d
In 0=A=, ;ree+e [oined the 'atin onetar* Ynionand the dra+hma be+ame eC&a$ in %eight and
va$&e to the ^ren+h fran+ The ne% +oinage iss&ed +onsisted of +opper +oins of 0, @, 6 and 01$epta, %ith the 67 and 017$epta +oins bearing the names obolos( cGJ ) and diobolon(cGO), respe+tive$*X si$ver +oins of @1 and 61 $epta, 0, @ and 6 dra+hmae and go$d +oins of6, 01 and @1 dra+hmae (er* sma$$ n&mbers of 617 and 0117dra+hma +oins in go$d %ere a$soiss&ed)
In 0=Z-, +&pro7ni+/e$67, 017 and @17$epta +oins %ere introd&+ed :o 07$epton or @7$epta +oin hadbeen iss&ed sin+e the $ate 0=>1s 9i$ver +oins of 0 and @ dra+hmae %ere $ast iss&ed in 0Z00, andno +oins %ere iss&ed bet%een 0Z0@ and 0Z@@, d&ring %hi+h time the'atin onetar* Ynion+o$$apsed d&e to lor$d lar I
et%een 0Z@A and 0Z1, a ne% +oinage %as introd&+ed for the ne% 8e$$eni+ Eep&b$i+,+onsisting of +&pro7ni+/e$ +oins in denominations of @1 $epta, 61 $epta, 0 dra+hma, and @dra+hmaeX ni+/e$ +oins of 6 dra+hmaeX and si$ver +oins of 01 and @1 dra+hmae These %ere the$ast +oins iss&ed for the first modern dra+hma, and none %ere iss&ed for the se+ond
3otes
an/note of 0Z0@ iss&ed b* the :;
:otes %ere iss&ed b* the:ationa$ an/ of ;ree+efrom 0=-0 &nti$ @110 %hen ;ree+e [oined theB&ro Bar$* denominations ranged from 01 to 611 dra+hmae 9ma$$er denominations (0, @, and6 dra+hmae) %ere iss&ed from 0==6, %ith the first 67dra+hma notes being made b* +&tting 017dra+hma notes in ha$f
lhen ;ree+e fina$$* a+hieved its independen+e from the ttoman Bmpire in 0=@=, thephoeni.
%as introd&+ed as the monetar* &nitX its &se %as short7$ived, ho%ever, and in 0=@ the phoeni.%as rep$a+ed b* the dra+hma, adorned %ith the image of Ding tto of ;ree+e, %ho reigned asmodern ;ree+eLs first /ing from 0=@ to 0=A@ The dra+hma %as divided into 011 $epta In @11@the dra+hma +eased to be $ega$ tender after the e&ro, the monetar* &nit of the B&ropean Ynion,be+ame ;ree+eLs so$e +&rren+*
et%een 0Z0> and 0Z@1, the ;ree/ government iss&ed paper mone* in denominations of 01$epta, 61 $epta, 0 dra+hma, @ dra+hmae, and 6 dra+hmae The :ationa$ an/ of ;ree+e
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Monetary_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_franchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupro-nickelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Monetary_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Monetary_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Phoenixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Monetary_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_franchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupro-nickelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Monetary_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Phoenixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Greece7/25/2019 Greece is Strategically Located at the Crossroads of Europe
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introd&+ed 01117dra+hma notes in 0Z10, and the an/ of ;ree+e introd&+ed 61117dra+hma notesin 0Z@= The ;ree/ government again iss&ed notes bet%een 0Z-1 and 0Z--, in denominationsranging from 61 $epta to @1 dra+hmae
Q&ring the ;erman7Ita$iano++&pation of ;ree+efrom 0Z-0 to 0Z--, +atastrophi+ h*perinf$ation
and:a4i$ooting of the ;ree/ treas&r* +a&sed m&+h higher denominations to be iss&ed,+&$minating in 011,111,111,1117dra+hma notes in 0Z--
#econd modern drachma
In :ovember 0Z--, after ;ree+e %as $iberated from ;erman*, o$d dra+hmae %ere e.+hanged forne% ones at the rate of 61,111,111,111 to 0 n$* paper mone* %as iss&ed The governmentiss&ed notes of 0, 6, 01 and @1 dra+hmae, %ith the an/ of ;ree+e iss&ing 617, 0117, 6117, 01117,61117, and 01,1117dra+hma notes This dra+hma a$so s&ffered from high inf$ation Thegovernment $ater iss&ed 0117, 6117, and 01117dra+hma notes, and the an/ of ;ree+e iss&ed@1,1117and 61,1117dra+hma notes
4hird modern drachma
In 0Z6, in an effort to ha$t inf$ation, ;ree+e [oined the retton loods s*stem In 0Z6-, thedra+hma %as reva$&ed at a rate of 0111 to 0 The ne% +&rren+* %as pegged at 1 dra+hmae j 0Ynited 9tates do$$arIn 0Z>, the retton loods 9*stem %as abo$ishedX over the ne.t @6 *earsthe offi+ia$ e.+hange rate grad&a$$* de+$ined, rea+hing -11 dra+hmae to 0 Y 9 do$$ar n 0kan&ar* @11@, the ;ree/ dra+hma %as offi+ia$$* rep$a+ed as the +ir+&$ating +&rren+* b* the e&ro,and it has not been $ega$ tendersin+e 0 ar+h @11@
4hird modern drachma coins
The first iss&e of +oins minted in 0Z6- +onsisted of ho$ed a$&mini&m 67, 017 and @17$eptonpie+es, %ith 617$epton, 07, @7, 67 and 017dra+hma pie+es in +&pro7ni+/e$ 5 si$ver @17dra+hmapie+e %as iss&ed in 0ZA1, rep$a+ing the @17dra+hma ban/note 2oins in denominations from 61$epta to @1 dra+hmae +arried a portrait of Ding a&$(0Z->?0ZA-) :e% +oins %ere introd&+ed in0ZAA, ranging from 61 $epta to 01 dra+hmae, depi+ting Ding 2onstantine II(0ZA-?0Z>-) Thereverse of a$$ +oins %as a$tered in 0Z>0 to ref$e+t the mi$itar* [&nta %hi+h %as in po%er from0ZA> to 0Z>- This design in+$&ded a so$dier standing in front of the f$ames of the rising phoeni.
5 @17dra+hmae +oin in +&pro7ni+/e$ %ith an image of B&ropaon the obverse %as iss&ed in 0Z>In the $atter part of 0Z>, severa$ ne% +oin t*pes %ere introd&+ed3 &nho$ed a$&mini&m (01 and @1
$epta), ni+/e$7brass (61 $epta, 0 dra+hma, and @ dra+hmae) and +&pro7ni+/e$ (6, 01, and @1dra+hmae) These provisiona$ +oins +arried the design of the phoeni. rising from the f$ame onthe obverse, and &sed the +o&ntr* as the Dingdom of ;ree+e %ith Ding 2onstantine IIA +arr*ing images of ear$* nationa$ heroes onthe sma$$er va$&es
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2&pro7ni+/e$ 617dra+hmae +oins %ere introd&+ed in 0Z=1 In 0Z=A, ni+/e$7brass 617dra+hma+oins %ere introd&+ed, fo$$o%ed b* +opper 07 and @7dra+hma pie+es in 0Z== and ni+/e$7brass+oins of @1 and 011 dra+hmae in 0ZZ1 In @111, a set of A themed 6117dra+hma +oins %as iss&edto +ommemorate the @11- 5thens $*mpi+ ;ames
2oinsin +ir+&$ation at the time of the adoption of the e&ro!0=#
%ere
61 $epta (11106)!n =#
0 dra+hma (111@Z)!n Z#
@ dra+hmae (1116Z)!n Z#
6 dra+hmae (110->)
01 dra+hmae (11@Z)
@1 dra+hmae (116=>)
61 dra+hmae (10->)
011 dra+hmae (1@Z)
611 dra+hmae (0->)
1ost .uro Drachma ,5GD-
n $oomberg termina$s, ost B&ro Qra+hma (\;Q) %as sho%n 5++ording to $oomberg,this%as [&st "an interna$ f&n+tion %hi+h is set &p to test" !clarification needed#!0Z#
Gallery
;o$d @1 Qra+hmai, 0= of /ing thon
;o$d @1 Qra+hmai, 0=>A of /ing ;eorgios I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin1-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin2-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin2-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_terminalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_I_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin1-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin2-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-coin2-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_terminalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_drachma#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_I_of_Greece7/25/2019 Greece is Strategically Located at the Crossroads of Europe
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;o$d 61 Qra+hmai, 0=>A of /ing ;eorgios I
6 dra+hmae (0=>A)
0 dra+hma (0Z>) d&ring the 0Z>70Z>- mi$itar*7+ontro$$ed "Eep&b$i+"
0 dra+hma (0Z>=)
The design of this Qra+hma +oin depi+ts the%$ of 5thenaand is reminis+ent of an+ient+oins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapolitefsi#Prologuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_of_Athenahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_of_Athenahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_of_Athenahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapolitefsi#Prologuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_of_Athena7/25/2019 Greece is Strategically Located at the Crossroads of Europe
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T%o Qra+hma +oin %ith a so$dier standing in front of hoeni.
0anknotes
The first iss&es of ban/notes %ere in denominations of 01, @1 and 61 dra+hmae, soon fo$$o%edb* 011, 611 and 0111 dra+hmae b* 0Z6A 61117dra+hma notes %ere introd&+ed in 0Z=-,fo$$o%ed b* 01,1117dra+hma notes in 0ZZ6 and @117dra+hma notes in 0ZZ>
an/notesin +ir+&$ation at the time of the adoption of the e&ro!@1#%ere
011 dra+hmae (1@Z6), depi+ting 5thenaand 5damantios Dorais
@11 dra+hmae (16=AZ), depti+ing Eigas ^eraios
611 dra+hmae (0->), depi+ting Ioannis 2apodistrias
0111 dra+hmae (@Z), depi+ting 5po$$o
6111 dra+hmae (0-A>), depi+ting Theodoros Do$o/otronis
01,111 dra+hmae (@Z6), depi+ting ;eorge apani+o$ao&and5s+$epi&s
0anknotes of the Greek drachma ,circa AD &666-
Image Value.7uivalent
in.uro ,8-Main )olor $*verse /everse Watermark
61dra+hmae
10-A> $&e 8ead ofoseidon
'as/arina o&bo&$inadire+ting +annon fireat t%o ttoman shipsat a$amidid&ring the;ree/ lar of
Independen+e
8ead of the2harioteer ofQe$phi
011dra+hmae
1@Z6
ro%n andvio$et(obverse)Xaroon, greenand orange(reverse)
8ead ofirae&s5thenaX2hristian8ansen
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patrioti+ song at$o%er right
s+hoo$")
611dra+hmae
0-> Qeep greenIoannis DapodistriasX2apodistrias
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