Grammer BookAlejandro Cohen
Contents1 Preterito
2 Trigger palabras
3 Car, Gar, Zar
4 Spock
5 Cucaracha
6 Snake
7 Imperfecto
8 Trigger palapras
9 Irregulares
10 Preterito vs. Imperfecto
11 Ser vs. Estar
12 Verbs like gustar
13 Comparatives/superlatives
14 Transition palabras
15 El Futuro
16 Trigger palabras
17 Irregulares
18 Por
19 Para
20 Demonstrative adjectives
21 Demonstrative pronouns
El Preterito
• El preterito aron/ieron Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes ó/ió Él/ Ella/ Usted aste/iste Tú amos/imos Nosotros é/í Yo
Trigger Palabras
1 Anoche- Last night
2 Ayer- Yesterday
3 Anteayer- Day before yesterday
4 El año pasado- Last year
5 La semana pasada- Last week
Car Gar Zar
• Verbs ending in –car, -gar, or –zar change the ending in the preterito conjugation of the yo form to preserve the sound of the verb.
Spock Words
1 These are 5 of the irregular verbs in the preterito and are grouped based on their new form.• hice…hicimos hiciste hizo…hicieron hacer i …imos iste io…ieron dar/ver fui…fuimos fuiste fue…fueron ir/ser
Cucaracha words
1 These are another set of the irregular preterito verbs.
2 Andar, Estar, Poder, Poner, Querer, Saber, Tener, Venir, Decir, Conducir, Traducir, Producir, Traer
3 These verbs take the following forms,
4 Anduv, Estuv, Pud, Pus, Quis, Sup, Tuv, Vin, Dij, Produj, Traj.
5 And all use the following endings:
6 é, iste, ó, imos, ieron
Snake and Snakey
1 These are another form of irregular preterito verbs.
2 These verbs change in the third person singular and plural forms, and include:
3 (e i): Pedir, Preferir, Competir, Repetir, Servir, Sentir►
4 (o u): Dormir, Morir►
• Sirven Durmen Sirve Durme Serviste Dormiste Servimos Dormimos Serví Dormí
8 These are another form of irregular preterito verbs.
9 These verbs change in the third person singular and plural forms, and include:
10 (e/i y): Leer, Creer, and Oir►
11 All use the same endings.• Leyeron Leyó Leíste Leímos Leí
Imperfecto
• El Imperfecto aban/ían Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes aba/ ía Él/ Ella/ Usted abas/ías Tú abamos/íamos Nosotros aba/ía Yo
Trigger Palabras
1 A veces- sometimes
2 Cada día- everyday
3 Todo los días- everyday
4 Siempre- always
5 Mientras- meanwhile
6 Cuando- when
7 De vez en cuando- once in a while
Irregulares
1 A veces- sometimes
2 Cada día- everyday
3 Todo los días- everyday
4 Siempre- always
5 Mientras- meanwhile
6 Cuando- when
7 De vez en cuando- once in a while
Preterito Vs. Imperfecto
1 Shows a completed action in the past
2 Events in a sequence
3 Used for specific events in the past
4 Repeated actions (specific number of times)
5 “ Picture”
6 Shows an incomplete action in the past
7 Continuous story
8 Describing characteristics or state of something.
9 Repeated actions (habitual reptetion of said actions)
10 “ Movie”
Ser Vs. Estar1 D- Description
2 O- Occupation
3 C- Characteristics
4 T- Time
5 O- Origin
6 R- Relationship
7 P- Possession
8 E- Events
9 D- Dates
10 H- Health
11 E- Emotions
12 L- Location
13 P- Present condition
14 ING-
1 (er) -endo
2 (ir) -yendo
3 (ar) -ando
Verbs Like Gustar
1 These verbs are used in conjunction with direct and indirect objects to show a relation
2 If the noun is singular or the verb is followed by one or more infinitive verbs, then use the singular form of the verb.
3 If the noun is plural, then us the plural form of the verb.
4 These verbs include: Aburrir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Molestar, Quedar, Dolar, Disgustar, Preocupar, Sorprender, Apetecer.
5 These verbs can also be used in conjunction with the conditional tense.
Comparatives and Superlatives
1 These are used to compare and contrast.
2 Expressions are set up using:
1 Más… que/de (de= #)
2 Menos… que/de (de= #)
3 Tan… como
4 El/ La …
1 Mejor (bueno), Peor (malo), Mayor (viejo), Menor (joven)
Transition Palabras
1 Aunque- even though
2 Támbien- also
3 Por lo tanto- therefore
4 Sin embargo- nevertheless
5 Pero- but
6 Mientras- contrast to
7 A pensar de- in spite of
El Futuro
1 Note: these verbs are formed as infinitive + ending• án Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes á Él/ Ella/ Usted ás Tú emos Nosotros é Yo
Trigger Palabras
1 Mañana- Tomorrow
2 El proximo año- next year
3 El proximo semana- next week
4 En (tiempo)- In (x) time increments
5 En cuatro minutos
6 En noventa y cinco semanas.
Por
1 This is one of the forms of “for” and is used for the following cases:
2 Passing through a portal
3 General location
4 How long something lasts
5 Cause of something
6 An exchange
7 Doing something in place of or instead of someone else
8 A means of transportation
Irregulares
1 Some of the irregular verbs in the future tense include: Decir, Hacer, Poner, Salir, Tener, Valer, Venir, Poder, Querer, Saber, Caber, Haber
2 The irregular roots of these words are: Dir, Har, Pondr, Saldr, Tendr, Valdr, Vendr, Podr, Querr, Sabr, Cabr, Habr
3 Hay es habrá = there will be
Para
1 This is one of the forms of “for” and is used for the following cases:
2 For whom something is done
3 Destination (specific location)
4 Purpose for which something is done
5 Express an opinion
6 Compare and contrast
7 Express idea of deadlines
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