Globalization
“I’ve got the whole world in my hands”
Globalization
Globalization is a trend towards greater interconnectedness of the world’s financial, economic, technological, political, cultural, sociological, ecological and geographical systems.
Globalization
Positive Impacts of Globalization Living conditions have improved Increased understanding of different cultures More jobs Reduce costs of goods
Globalization
Negative Impacts of Globalization Focus is often on short-term gains only Rich are richer, poor are poorer destruction of the environment neglect of human rights
Globalization
Global Village Institutions United Nations World Bank NATO International Court
We are all part of the global village, but do we all share it equally?
Comparing Levels of
Development
Not all countries around the world are developed like Canada and the United States. Countries are usually grouped into 3 categories based on their economic and social development.
DevelopedNewly IndustrializedDeveloping
What makes a country developing?
Low standard of living Lots of people working in primary
industries (farming) Low education, healthcare, life
expectancy Example: countries in
Sub-saharan Africa
What makes a country developed?
High standard of living
Industrialized Lots of parts to the
economy Democracy Lack of corruption Example: many
countries in N. America and Europe
What Makes a Newly Industrialized Country?
going through the process of becoming developed
has a changing economy (going from primary, secondary towards more tertiary industries)
is in “limbo” between being a developing and developed country
Examples: South Korea, Hong Kong
How do we know which we are?
Human Development Index (HDI)
Calculator for development
Look at: income per capita (GDP), life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, literacy (ability to read & write)
What Do You Know of the World?
Canada’s Contribution
CIDA = Canadian International Development Agency
CIDA’s aim: reduce poverty, promote human rights, and support sustainable development
Priorities: reduce poverty, democracy, business development, health, education, equality between women and men, and environmental sustainability
Who have we helped?
Sub-Saharan Africa: $1.3 billion – 46.74%
North Africa and the Middle East: $129 million – 4.6%
Americas: $459 million – 16.5%
Asia: $780 million – 28.1%
Eastern Europe: $114 million – 4.1%
Why do we bother? people living in extreme poverty went
from 1.25 billion to 980 million 6.8 million more children are in school in
a number of African countries ) 61,000 people now have access to
running water and sanitation in Honduras
What is International Trade?
International trade involves 2 activities: importing (buying goods and services from other countries) and exporting (selling goods and services to other countries).
Why Do We Trade?
Earn Money for the economy Get things we don’t have or can’t
produce To get cheaper products and services Create relationships with other
countries Job Creation
Trade Terms Imports-Goods/services we buy from another country. Exports-Goods/services we sell to another country. Balance of trade-The dollar difference between our
imports and exports. Trade Surplus-When a country has more exports
than imports. Free Trade-When no tariffs are put on any goods and
services. Tariff-Taxes placed on imported goods/services to
make them more expensive (so people buy locally made goods)
Canada's Export Markets, 2009
Country % Share of Total Exports
United States 81
Japan 2
United Kingdom 2
China 2
Mexico 1
Total of Top 5 88
International Trade Organizations
Organization Description
World Trade Organization Established in 1995Multilateral institution through which global trade rules are negotiated and enforced
North American Free Trade Agreement
Established 1994, joining Canada, the United States and Mexico forming the world's largest free trade area. NAFTA applies to the procurement of goods valued at more than $38,000 (Canada/U.S.) and $89,000 (Canada/Mexico)
Free Trade Agreement of the Americas
Established in 2005, the FTAA is a collaboration among 34 democratic governments in the Americas, to ensure prosperity, democracy and free markets for goods and services in the hemisphere
Fair Trade
Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from Sri Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from Mexico, and chocolate from Ghana…
Many of the things we buy are grown or made in developing countries.
But do the people who produce these goods get a fair price for them, and what are their working conditions like?
Fair Trade
For most workers, wages are low, there is no job security, and working conditions are often unhealthy and unsafe.
Fair trade is an international system of doing business based on dialogue, transparency, and respect.
Better prices for producers, but also it often means longer-term and more meaningful trading relationships, sustainable agriculture, stronger communities ties, etc.
Fair Trade
What is your role? Churches, communities, school, unions,
businesses and consumer groups are pushing to move Fair Trade products into mainstream grocery stores
The demand must increase, so more workers will benefit
Demand products with superior quality Become a player in the solution
to global trade inequalities
Did You Know???
Famously and Firstly Canadian
Canadian John McIntosh discovered McIntosh apples in 1811 growing along the St. Lawrence River Valley
The first recorded baseball game was played in Beachville, Ontario in 1838
Montreal Professor Thomas Sterry Hunt developed special green ink to produce American bills ‘greenbacks’ that couldn’t be forged in 1862
The world’s second most popular sport ‘basketball’ was the idea of Canadian James Naismith in 1892
Famously and Firstly Canadian
Tom Ryan became the father of five-pin bowling, by developing the game in Toronto in 1909
Torontonian William Knapp developed the yucky-tasting Buckley’s Mixture in 1919
In 1948 Harry Galley received his patented for his stainless steel kitchen sink
Montreal Canadian goalie Jacques Plante became the first goalie to start wearing a mask
Instant mashed potatoes were patented by Edward Asselbergs in 1961
Famously and Firstly Canadian
Muskol the world’s most effective bug repellent is the creation of Charlie Coll (1970)
Leslie McFarlane penned the famous Hardy Boys series as Franklin W. Dixon
Torontonian Alex Tilley created the nearly indestructible ‘Tilley Hat’ in 1980
Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the emergency ‘911’ system
Canadian Deanna Brasseaur & Jane Foster became the world’s first female jet fighter pilots in 1989
Famously and Firstly Canadian
Tim Collins of B.C. developed the Viewer Chip for parents to block offensive television programs
In 1998, the ‘Sam Bat’ a maple baseball bat made by Ottawa carpenter Sam Holman was approved for use in professional baseball leagues
In 1999 Ontario became the first place in the world to protect the skyscape from light pollution by designating a dark-sky park south of Lake Muskoka
Canadians have developed – Trivial Pursuit, Balderdash, Mind Trap, Pictionary and A Question of Scruples
Famously and Firstly Canadian
Canada is home to the world’s… Oldest chain store business is Canada’s Hudson Bay
Company founded in 1670 Longest highway, the Trans Canada highway - 7,821
km Longest street, Yonge Street - 1,900 km Longest bridge – Confederation Bridge linking P.E.I. to
N.B. – 12.9 km Longest skating rink – 7.8 km Rideau Canal in Ottawa Longest recreational trail – Trans Canada Trail will be
over 16,000 km long
Greatest Canadian Invention
Of all these great Canadian ideas, which ones are the “greatest”?
CBC asked Canadians to vote for the Greatest Canadian Invention and showed us the results in early 2007.
www.cbc.ca/inventions
Greatest Canadian Invention
Poutine #10
Greatest Canadian Invention
Electric Wheelchair #9
Greatest Canadian Invention
Zipper #8
Greatest Canadian Invention
Robertson Screw #7
Greatest Canadian Invention
Pacemaker #6
Greatest Canadian Invention
Wonderbra #5
Greatest Canadian Invention
Five Pin Bowling #4
Greatest Canadian Invention
Light bulb #3
Greatest Canadian Invention
Telephone #2
Greatest Canadian Invention
Insulin #1