• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• OBJECTIVE OF CURRENT WORK
• METHODS OF EXTRACTION
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
• Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has copious medicinal properties
• Characteristic odour and flavour of ginger from Zingerone,
Shogaols and Gingerols.
• Composition of ginger :
Component Weight Percent
Starch 45.09 %
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons 15 %
Proteins 14.6 %
Crude Fiber 10.3 %
Ash 6.5 %
Fatty Acids 4.5 %
Oleoresin 4 %
• 6-Gingerol inhibits cell adhesion, invasion, motility and activities of
MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines
• Possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, to suppress
cytokine formation and to promote angiogenesis
• Reported to be an active inhibitor of M. avium and M.tuberculosis in
vitro
• 6-gingerol is shown to have analgesic, antipyretic, and cardiotonic
properties
• 6-Gingerol is a heat sensitive compound and gets reversibly de-hydrated to 6-Shogaol.
• Steam Distillation cannot be used as a means of separation.
•Yoshio Yonei, Hajime Ohinata, Ryuichi Yoshida, Yukio Shimizu and Chiaki
Yokoyama supercritically extracted 6-gingerol using a semi-batch type apparatus,
found the pressure of 4.5 MPa and temperature of 303 K as optimum.
•S. Balachandran, S.E. Kentish, R. Mawson, and M. Ashokkumar found that in
the presence of ultrasound during the extraction of pungent compounds from a
ginger with supercritical CO2 both the extraction rate and the yield increased.
•Gingerols were stable in ethanolic solution over a 5-month period when stored at
4 °C. Shogaols are not native constituents of fresh ginger was reported by Hans
Wohlmuth, David. N. Leach, Mike. K. Smith and Stephen P. Myers.
• Investigate of the potential of solvent extraction and determination of the
most efficient solvent for the extraction of 6- gingerol
• Effect of temperature on extraction
• Optimum solvent to ginger sample ratio
• For a semi-batch process, the effect of flow rate on extraction
• A paste was made of a weighted of peeled ginger sample with the
help of a mortar.
• The paste was then transferred to the batch reactor, 100ml volume
of solvent is poured into the reactor.
• The reactor is placed in the constant temperature bath setup and
contents are stirred for a period of 1 hour.
• The solids are then allowed to settle and the liquid phase is
centrifuged and analyzed by HPLC.
• Ginger shredded to a length of 3mm and thickness of 2mm
• Glass column of height 51cm, diameter 2cm and with a maximum
volume of 100ml
• Column bottom outlet was plugged with cotton and glass beads up to a
height of 5 cm
• Shredded ginger constituted the column bed, bed height of 20 cm
• Solvent poured from top inlet from an aspirator, flow rate controlled by
pinch cock
• Keeping the bed height fixed, three different flow rates studied, samples
collected at regular time intervals
• Samples analyzed by HPLC
•The liquid phase extract after centrifugation is analyzed by HPLC ( Perkin Elmer Series 200 UV/Vis Detector) by injecting 30µL of extract
The operating conditions were:
•Column: C-18 & UV visual detector type
•Stationary Phase: Carbon 18
•Mobile Phase: Acetonitrile : Water (9:1)
•Flow Rate: 1.0 ml/min
•Detector(wave length): 282 nm
•Column Temp: 28°C
•Run Time: 9 minutes
• Standard dried ginger extract powder procurred from Salem, Tamil
Nadu
• 5gm of standard centrifuged with 10ml of the respective solvent
• Centrifuged for a period of 30 minutes at a r.p.m of 2000.
• The liquid phase was analyzed by HPLC
• For calibration curve above procedure was repeated for 4,3,2,1 gm of
standard powder with a resulting r2 = 0.984
← Solvent Peak
Step 1: Solvent peak identified by HPLC
Solvent peak →← Pure 6-gingerol peak with area Apure
Step 2: 6-gingerol peak identified using the pure sample procured
Solvent Peak → ←6-gingerol peak in extract
with area Aextract
Step 3: area of 6-gingerol peak used to quantify amount of 6-gingerol extracted
Percentage extraction = A extract X 100 A pure
A pure quantifies the amount of 6-gingerol originally present in the raw ginger sample.
A extract quantifies the amount of 6-gingerol that has been extracted by the process.
Step 4: Percentage extraction is calculated
Solvent Selection: Organic Solvents
Maximum extraction by Ethanol 19.48% followed by Iso Propanol with 14.08%.
Solvent Selection: Edible Oils
Maximum extraction by Sunflower oil 58.73 % followed by Ricebran oil with 51.13%
Effect of temperature on extraction by Sunflower OilConstant Parameters: Ginger weight =20 gm, Solvent volume = 100 ml, r.p.m = 700
Maximum extraction of 68.74% was obtained at 10°C
Effect of variation of Solvent (Sunflower Oil) to Sample ratio (ml/gm)Constant Parameter: Temperature = 10 ºC, r.p.m = 700
Height of ginger bed = 20 cm, Solvent : Sunflower oil, Flow rate = 2 ml/min
Maximum extraction value of 59.62 % after 105 minutes, bed begins to get exhausted after 105 minutes
Height of ginger bed = 20 cm, Solvent : Sunflower oil, Flow rate = 5 ml/min
Maximum percentage extraction 37.70%, lower than for 2 ml/min but arrives earlier, after 90 minutes
Height of ginger bed = 20 cm, Solvent : Sunflower oil, Flow rate = 10 ml/min
Maximum percentage extraction of 30.81% after 60 minutes, bed begins to get exhausted faster
• Sunflower Oil showed best extraction characteristics among the
various edible oils and organic solvents studied.
• Temperature of 10°C gave good extraction results, as temperature is
raised the extraction of 6-gingerol drops due to thermal degradation of
the compound to its dehydrate form 6-shogaol.
• On varying the solvent to ginger sample ratio extraction curve shows
an optimum ratio of near to 2.0 (ml/gm).
• Solvent flow rate of 2 ml/min gave higher extraction but at the
expense of longer duration.
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