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Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Introduction to UnitII
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.1/15 1.CONTENT LIST:
Introduction to UnitII
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED:
x Learning
3.OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students learn the topics to be covered in unit
II 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Learn the major topics in UnitII
ii. Describe the uses in designing combinational circuits. 5.LINK SHEET:
i. List the major topics in combinational circuits
ii. Give uses in designing the combinational circuits
6. EVOCATION: (5 minutes)
Combinational Circuits
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40Minutes)
Topics to be covered
Combinational circuits Analysis and design procedures
Circuits for arithmetic operations
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 1
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Code conversion Decoders
Encoders
Multiplexers
Demultiplexers
HDL for combinational circuits
Uses in designing the logic circuits
Combinational circuits
A combinational circuit consists of input variables, logic gates, and output
variables.
Analysis and design procedure
Used to derive the truthtable and Boolean expression to design various digital
logic circuits
Circuits for arithmetic operations
Half adder, Full adder, Binary adder, Binary adder/ subtractor, Half
subtractor, Full subtractor
Decoders
The decoder is called n-to-m-line decoder, where m≤2n .The decoder is also
used in conjunction with other code converters such as a BCD-to-seven_segment decoder.
Encoders
An encoder is the inverse operation of a decoder. Used in designing the
various complex digital circuits.
Multiplexers
Multiplexer circuits can be combined with common selection inputs to provide
multiple-bit selection logic.
Demultiplexers
A decoder with an enable input is referred to as a decoder/demultiplexer.
HDL for combinational circuits
1.Gate-level modeling
2.Dataflow modeling
3.Behavioral modeling
8. TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations 9. APPLICATIONS
x Fundamental circuits that are the base building blocks of most larger digital
circuits
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 2
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x They are reusable and are common to many systems
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Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Combinational circuits.
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.2/15 1.CONTENT LIST:
Combinational circuits. 2. SKILLS ADDRESSED:
x Understanding
x Learning x Remembering
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students learn the meaning of combinational circuits and their
implementation. 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Learn the meaning of combinational circuits
ii. Describe the implementation of logic circuits by combinational circuits.
5.LINK SHEET:
i. Define combinational circuits with neat block diagram.
ii. Give the need of combinational circuits.
iii. List the types of combinational circuits.
iv. Explain the implementation using combinational circuits
6.EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
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Combinational Circuits Combinational Circuits block
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Combinational Circuits
A combinational circuit consists of input variables, logic gates, and output variables.
Need of combinational circuits
x Fundamental circuits that are the base building blocks of most larger digital
circuits
x They are reusable and are common to many systems Types of combinational circuits.
Implementation Using Combinational Circuits
The implementation using combinational circuits can be formulated by following steps
Specification for the Circuits:
x What are the inputs: how many, how many bits in a given output, how are
they grouped, are they control, are they active high?
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x What are the outputs: how many and how many bits in an each, active high,
active low, tristate output?
x The functional operation that takes place in the chip, i.e., for given inputs
what will appear on the outputs.
Convert the specifications into a variety forms for optimal implementation.
¾ Possible forms ¾ Truth Tables ¾ Expressions ¾ K-maps ¾ Binary Decision Diagrams
Implementation with example
BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoder
Digital readouts on many digital products often use LED seven-segment displays.
Each digit is created by lighting the appropriate segments. The segments are labeled
a,b,c,d,e,f,g
The decoder takes a BCD input and outputs the correct code for the seven-
segment display.
Specifications
1. Input: A 4-bit binary value that is a BCD coded input. 2. Outputs: 7 bits, a through g for each of the segments of the display.
3. Operation: Decode the input to activate the correct segments.
Construct a truth table
Binary expressions
A = A’C+A’BD+B’C’D’+AB’C’
B = A’B’+A’C’D’+A’CD+AB’C’
C = A’B+A’D+B’C’D’+AB’C’
D = A’CD’+A’B’C+B’C’D’+AB’C’+A’BC’D
E = A’CD’+B’C’D’
F = A’BC’+A’C’D’+A’BD’+AB’C’
G = A’CD’+A’B’C+A’BC’+AB’C’
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 5
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations
9.APPLICATIONS
x Fundamental circuits that are the base building blocks of most larger digital
circuits
x They are reusable and are common to many systems
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Analysis and design procedures
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.3/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Analysis and design procedures 2. SKILLS ADDRESSED:
x Understanding x Applying x Remembering
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students apply the steps of implementation in analyzing
combinational circuits. 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Understand the analysis procedure of combinational circuits
ii. Illustrate the procedure with an example
5.LINK SHEET:
i. Discuss the analysis procedure with major steps.
ii. Give an example to illustrate the analysis procedure of combinational circuits.
iii. Derive the truth table and binary expression using the analysis procedure.
6.EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
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logic circuit analyzer 1
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40
Minutes) Analysis Procedure
1. The analysis for a combinational circuit consists of determining the function that
the circuit implements. 2. The analysis starts with a given logic circuit diagram and culminates with a set of
Boolean functions or a truth table, together with a possible explanation of the
operation of the circuit.
3. If the logic diagram to be analyzed is accompanied by a recognizable function
name or a statement of what the diagram is assumed to accomplish, then the
analysis problem reduces to a verification of the stated function.
Steps of analysis procedure
x Label all gate outputs that are a function only of input variables or their complements
with arbitrary symbols. Determine the Boolean functions for each gate output.
x Label the gates that are a function of input variables and previously labeled gates with
different arbitrary symbols. Find the Boolean functions for the outputs of these gates. x Repeat the process outlined in step 2 until the outputs of the circuit are obtained in
terms of the input variables. Illustration with an example
F2 = AB + AC + BC; T1 = A + B + C; T2 = ABC; T3 = F2’T1;
F1 = T3 + T2
F1 = T3 + T2 = F2’T1 + ABC = A’BC’ + A’B’C + AB’C’ + ABC
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Note that the circuit has four binary input variables A, B, and C and two binary output
variables and. The outputs of gates that are a function of input variables only are and.
The Boolean functions for these two outputs are
F2 = AB + AC + BC; T1 = A + B + C; T2 = ABC; T3 = F2’T1; F1 =
T3 + T2
F1 = T3 + T2 = F2’T1 + ABC = A’BC’ + A’B’C + AB’C’ + ABC
Derivation of truth table from logic diagram and Boolean function
Determine the number of input variables in the circuit. For n inputs, list the
binary numbers from 0 to 2n – 1 in a table.
1. Break the circuit into small single-output blocks by labeling each block output with an
arbitrary symbol. 2. Obtain the truth table for the blocks with functions that depend on input variables only.
3. Proceed to obtain the truth table for blocks with functions that depend on previously
defined inputs and block outputs, until the columns for all circuit outputs are determined
8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations.
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 8
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9.APPLICATIONS
They are used as building blocks for various intermediate inputs and outputs and
thereby applying it in design of various digital circuits.
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Analysis and design procedures
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.4/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Analysis and design procedures 2. SKILLS ADDRESSED:
x Applying x understanding
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students apply the steps of implementation in designing the digital
logic circuits.
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 9
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4.OUTCOMES:
i. Understand the design procedure of combinational circuits
ii. Illustrate the procedure with an example
5.LINK SHEET:
i. Discuss the design procedure with major steps.
ii. Give an example to illustrate the design procedure of combinational circuits.
iii. Design the logic circuit based on the steps of design procedure.
6.EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Analogy for combinational circuits 1
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Design Procedure
The design for a combinational circuit consists of determining the function that
the implement the circuits. Steps of analysis procedure
x Derivation of truth table x K map and Boolean expression x Circuit implementation Illustration with an example
Code-Conversion example, first, we can list the relation of the BCD and Excess-3 codes
in the truth table.
Derivation of truth table
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K map and Boolean expression For each symbol of the Excess-3 code, we use 1’s to draw the map for
simplifying Boolean function.
x Circuit implementation z = D’; y = CD + C’D’ = CD + (C + D)’ , x = B’C + B’D + BC’D’ = B’(C + D) +
B(C + D)’ ,w = A + BC + BD = A + B(C + D)
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. .
9.APPLICATIONS
They are used as building blocks for logic circuits by calculating the
truthtable and boolean expression
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Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Circuits for arithmetic operations
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.5/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Circuits for arithmetic operations
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Learning x Classifying
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of arithmetic circuits
4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the various classification of arithmetic circuits
ii. Deduce the basic concept of arithmetic circuits
5.LINK SHEET:
i. List the types of arithmetic circuits. ii. Define all the arithmetic circuits which help in designing combinational circuits.
iii. What is the need for using arithmetic circuits in designing combinational circuits? iv. Design half adder circuit and full adder circuit using truth table and Boolean
expression 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Fulladder-redstone scenario
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Types of arithmetic circuits
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Half adder,Full Adder,Binary Adder,Binary Multiplier,Carry Look Ahead
Adder Half Adder:
A combinational circuit that performs the addition of two bits is called a half adder.
Full Adder:
One that performs the addition of three bits(two significant bits and a previous carry) is a
full adder. Binary Adder:
This is also called Ripple Carry Adder ,because of the construction with full adders are
connected in cascade. Binary subtractor:
M = 1Æsubtractor ; M = 0Æadder
Overflow is a problem in digital computers because the number of bits that hold the
number is finite and a result that contains n+1 bits cannot be accommodated. Binary multiplier:
Usually there are more bits in the partial products and it is necessary to use
full adders to produce the sum of the partial products. Need for using arithmetic circuits in designing combinational circuits:
reduce cost
¾ reduce number of gates (for SSI circuits)
¾ reduce IC packages (for complex circuits)
(ii) increase speed
(iii) design simplicity (reuse blocks where possible) Half Adder
The truth table for the half adder is listed below.
Boolean Expression C = xy
S = x’y + xy’ Implementation of Half Adder Circuit
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Full Adder
One that performs the addition of three bits (two significant bits and a previous carry)
is a full adder. Truth Table
Boolean expression using K map
S = x’y’z + x’yz’ + xy’z’ + xyz C = xy + xz + yz
Implementation of Full adder circuit
8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations.
.
9.APPLICATIONS
The arithmetic circuits are used to reduce the cost, increase the speed and design very
complex digital circuits with ease
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 15
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Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Circuits for arithmetic operations
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.6/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Circuits for arithmetic operations
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Learning x Analyzing
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic operation of all the arithmetic
circuits 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Discuss the operation of all the arithmetic circuits
ii. Design logic diagram by the steps used in the basic mode of operation
5.LINK SHEET:
i. Explain the operation of individual arithmetic circuits
ii. What are the modes used in designing arithmetic circuits?
iii. Design the binary adder; carry look adder, Binary Multiplier and
Binary Subtractor circuit using the basic mode of operation.
6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
binary adder-subtractor Gates used in arithmetic circuits
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
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Major Steps:
x Truthtable x Boolean expression using Kmap x Logic circuit
Binary adder
This is also called Ripple Carry Adder, because of the construction with full adders are
connected in cascade. Truth Table
Implementation of Binary adder circuit
Carry Look Ahead Adder
The most widely used technique employs the principle of carry look-ahead to improve
the speed of the algorithm.
Boolean expression
Pi = Ai ⊕ Bi steady state value
Gi = AiBi steady state value
Output sum and carry Si = Pi ⊕ Ci
Ci+1 = Gi + PiCi
Gi : carry generate Pi : carry propagate
C0 = input carry
C1 = G0 + P0C0
C2 = G1 + P1C1 = G1 + P1G0 + P1P0C0
C3 = G2 + P2C2 = G2 + P2G1 + P2P1G0 + P2P1P0C0
Implementation of Carry Look ahead adder circuit
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Binary subtractor:
M = 1subtractor ; M = 0adder
Overflow is a problem in digital computers because the number of bits that hold the
number is finite and a result that contains n+1 bits cannot be accommodated.
Implementation of Binary Subtractor circuit
Binary multiplier:
Usually there are more bits in the partial products and it is necessary to use full adders to
produce the sum of the partial products.
For J multiplier bits and K multiplicand bits we need (J X K) AND gates and (J − 1) K-
bit adders to produce a product of J+K bits.
K=4 and J=3, we need 12 AND gates and two 4-bit adders.
Implementation of 4-bit by 3-bit binary multiplier circuit
8.TEXT BOOKS:
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 18
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Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
x They present special design challenges, because there are simply too many inputs
to list all possible combinations in a truth table.
x In applying this method, bus-wide operations are broken into simpler bit-by-bit
operations that are more easily defined by truth-tables, and more tractable to
familiar design techniques
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Code conversion
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.7/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Code conversion
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Applying
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of code conversion and to use their
principle in various code conversion circuits. 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Deduce the Principle of code conversion
ii. Describe the various code conversion methods using the principle.
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is the principle of code conversion?
ii. List the types of code conversion circuits
iii. Design any one of the code conversion circuit by the principle used. 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
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Code Conversion Examples
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Code Conversion
Conversion of signals, or groups of signals, in one code into corresponding signals, or
groups of signals, in another code.
Principle of Code Conversion
A process for converting a code of some predetermined bit structure, such as 5, 7,
or 14 bits per character interval, to another code with the same or a different number of
bits per character interval.
Types of codeconversion
x BCD to Gray code. and viceversa. x BCD to excess3 code and viceversa. x Binary to gray code and viceversa x
Implementation of code conversion circuit BCD and Excess-3 codes
Truth Table
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Kmap and Boolean Expression For each symbol of the Excess-3 code, we use 1’s to draw the map for simplifying
Boolean function.
z = D’; y = CD + C’D’ = CD + (C + D)’ x = B’C + B’D + BC’D’ = B’(C + D) + B(C +
D)’ w = A + BC + BD = A + B(C + D)
BCD – Excess3 circuit
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 21
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
The principle is applied in digital speakers, sound cards and stereo to 3D displays
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Decoders
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.8/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Decoders
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Understanding
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of decoders and implement their
types using the basic logic 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the basic concept of decoders
ii. Explain the types of decoders and implement their design using the basic logic
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is the decoder?
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ii. List the types of decoder.
iii. Implement any one of the decoder circuit with necessary diagrams wherever
necessary.
6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Decoder Examples
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Decoder
¾ The decoder is called n-to-m-line decoder, where m≤2n the decoder is also used in
conjunction with other code converters such as a BCD-to-seven segment decoder. ¾ 3-to-8 line decoder: For each possible input combination, there are seven outputs
that are equal to 0 and only one that is equal to 1. ¾ Some decoders are constructed with NAND gates, it becomes more economical to
generate the decoder minters in their complemented form. ¾ As indicated by the truth table, only one output can be equal to 0 at any given
time, all other outputs are equal to 1. Types of decoder
x 2to4 decoder x 3to8decoder x 4to16decoder and so on.
Implementation of decoder circuit
3 to 8 decoder
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2 to 4 decoder
8.TEXT BOOKS:
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 24
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Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
Decoders are used to analyze data streams for a certain data code and give an
output if the data is present like an address to a peripheral unit that needs service.
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Encoders
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.9/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Encoders
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Learning
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of encoders and implement their
types using the basic logic 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the basic concept of encoders
ii. Explain the types of encoders and implement their design using the basic logic
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is the encoder?
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ii. Implement any one of the encoder circuit with necessary diagrams wherever
necessary.
iii. List the types of encoder 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Optical fork as an Encoder (Examples of encoder)
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Encoder
¾ An encoder is the inverse operation of a decoder (ie) contains m inputs
and convert it into to n outputs ¾ If two inputs are active simultaneously, the output produces an undefined
combination. We can establish an input priority to ensure that only one input
is encoded. ¾ Another ambiguity in the octal-to-binary encoder is that an output with all 0’s is
generated when all the inputs are 0; the output is the same as when D0 is equal to 1.
Types of Encoder x 4to2 encoder,8to3 encoder,16to4 encoder, Priority encoder and so on
Implementation of encoder circuit
8 to 3 encoder
z = D1 + D3 + D5 + D7 ,y = D2 + D3 + D6 + D7 ,x = D4 + D5 + D6 + D7
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V=0no valid inputs, V=1valid inputs
o X’s in output columns represent don’t-care conditions. X’s in the input columns
are useful for representing a truth table in condensed form. Instead of listing all
16 minterms of four variables.
x = D2 + D3 , y = D3 + D1D’2 , V = D0 + D1 + D2 + D
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations.
. 9.APPLICATIONS
An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person
that converts information from one format or code to another, for the purposes of
standardization, speed, secrecy, security or compressions..
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Multiplexers
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.10/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Multiplexers
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Understanding
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of Multiplexers and implement their
types using the basic logic 4.OUTCOMES:
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i. Describe the basic concept of Multiplexers
ii. Explain the types of Multiplexers and implement their design using the basic logic
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is the Multiplexers and write the other name for Multiplexers?
ii. Implement any one of the Multiplexers circuit with necessary diagrams wherever
necessary.
iii. List the types of Multiplexers iv. Implement the Boolean function using any one of the multiplexer circuit
6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Multiplexing examples
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Multiplexer
¾ In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several analog
or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. ¾ A multiplexer of 2
n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input
line to send to the output. ¾ Multiplexers are mainly used to increase the amount of data that can be sent over
the network within a certain amount of time and bandwidth.
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¾ A multiplexer is also called a data selector.
Types of Muliplexer
x 2 to 1 MUX x 4
to 1 MUX
x 16 to 1 MUX and so on Implementation of MUX circuit
2 to 1 MUX
S = 0, Y = I0 Truth TableÆS Y
S = 1, Y = I1 0 I0
Y = S’I0 + SI1 1 I1
4 to 1 MUX
Boolean function implementation
A more efficient method for implementing a Boolean function of n variables with a
multiplexer that has n-1 selection inputs. F(x, y, z) = 6(1,2,6,7)
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
Mux is used in telephony, telegraphy, digital broadcasting and analog
broadcasting. An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one
device or resource, for example one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of
having one device per input signal.
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Demultiplexers
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.11/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Demultiplexers
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Understanding
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3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basic concept of Demultiplexers and implement
their types using the basic logic 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the basic concept of Demultiplexers
ii. Explain the types of Demultiplexers and implement their design using the basic
logic 5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is the Demultiplexers and write the other name for Demultiplexers?
ii. Implement any one of the Demultiplexers circuit with necessary diagrams
wherever necessary.
iii. List the types of Demultiplexers 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
Demultiplexing examples
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Demultiplexer
¾ Demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting
one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single ¾ It is otherwise known as data distributor. ¾ A decoder with an enable input is referred to as a decoder/demultiplexer. ¾ The truth table of demultiplexer is the same with decoder.
Types of Demuliplexer
x 1 to 2 DEMUX,1 to 4 DEMUX,1 to 16 DeMUX and so on
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Implementation of DEMUX circuit
1-to-4 De-multiplexer
Addressing Input
b a Selected
0 0 A
0 1 B
1 0 C
1 1 D
The Boolean expression for this 1-to-4 Demultiplexer above with outputs A to D and
data select lines a, b is given as: F = ab A + abB + abC + abD
8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations.
9.APPLICATIONS
Demultiplexer is used to connect a single source to multiple destinations. It is used in ALU
circuit. The second use of the Demultiplexer is the reconstruction of Parallel Data from the
incoming serial data stream.
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for Introduction to Hardware Description Language (HDL)
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.12/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
Introduction to Hardware Description Language (HDL)
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED:
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x Remembering x Learning
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the basics of HDL and know their advantages in
hardware implementation 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the basic concept of HDL
ii. Explain design methodologies using HDL
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is HDL
ii. Write the HDL coding for the circuit given
iii. Evaluate in brief the modeling techniques of HDL 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
HDL
¾ In electronics, a Hardware Description Language or HDL is any language
from a class of computer languages, specification languages, or modeling
languages for formal description and design of electronic circuits, and most-
commonly, digital logic. ¾ It can describe the circuit's operation, its design and organization, and tests to
verify its operation by means of simulation. HDL coding for given circuit
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Modeling techniques ¾ Gate-level modeling ¾ Dataflow modeling ¾ Behavioral modeling
8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
x Hardware description language enables a precise, formal description of an electronic
circuit that allows for the automated analysis, simulation, and simulated testing of an
electronic circuit. x A hardware description language looks much like a programming language such as C;
it is a textual description consisting of expressions and statements.
Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 35
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Lesson Plan for HDL for Combinational Circuits
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.13/15 1.CONTENT LIST:
HDL for Combinational Circuits
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Understanding x Applying
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the various modeling techniques and their description
using HDL 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the various types of modeling techniques
ii. Deduce the HDL coding for each modeling techniques
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is Gate level modeling?
ii. What is Behavioral modeling?
iii. Explain Gate level modeling and Behavioral modeling with an example 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
7. LECTURE NOTES: (40 Minutes)
Modelling Techniques
A module can be described in any one of the following modeling techniques:
¾ Gate-level modeling uses instantiation of primitive gates and user-defined
modules. ¾ Dataflow modeling uses continuous assignment statements with keyword
assign.
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¾ Behavioral modeling uses procedural assignment statements with keyword
always.
Gate-level modeling
¾ A circuit is specified by its logic gates and their interconnection. Verilog recognizes
12 basic gates as predefined primitives.
¾ The logic values of each gate may be 1, 0, x (unknown), z(high-impedance).
Example
Behavioral modeling
¾ It is used mostly to describe sequential circuits, but can be used also to
describe combinational circuits. ¾ Behavioral descriptions use the keyword always followed by a list of
procedural assignment statements.
Example
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8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations.
9.APPLICATIONS
x High Level Modeling language and time consumption language x Used in various Design Entry x Used for Simulation with Xilinx
CS6201-DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN Page 38
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Sri Vidya College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class I year, 02 sem
Subject Code CS6201
Subject Digital Principles & System Design
Prepared By S.Seedhanadevi
Lesson Plan for HDL for Combinational Circuits
Time: 45 Minutes
Lesson. No Unit II-Lesson No.14/15
1.CONTENT LIST:
HDL for Combinational Circuits
2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: x Remembering x Understanding x Applying
3. OBJECTIVE OF THIS LESSON PLAN:
To make the students know the various design methodologies and their
description using HDL 4.OUTCOMES:
i. Describe the various design methodologies
ii. Deduce the HDL coding for each design methodologies
5.LINK SHEET:
i. What is Data Flow modeling?
ii. What is design methodology for HDL and explain it with an example?
iii. Explain data flow modelling with an example 6. EVOCATION: (5 Minutes)
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7. LECTURE NOTES: (40
Minutes) Data Flow Modelling
¾ A continuous assignment is a statement that assigns a value to a net. ¾ The data type net is used in Verilog HDL to represent a physical connection
between circuit elements. ¾ A net defines a gate output declared by an output or wire.
Example
Design Methodology and its types
¾ There are two basic types of design methodologies: top-down and bottom-up. ¾ Top-down: the top-level block is defined and then the sub-blocks necessary to
build the top-level block are identified ¾ Bottom-up: the building blocks are first identified and then combined to build
the top-level block.
Example
8.TEXT BOOKS:
Sanjay Kumar Suman, L.Bhagyalakshmi, S.Porselvi, “Digital Principles And System
Design”,Vijay Nicole Pubilcations. 9.APPLICATIONS
x High Level Modeling language and time consumption language x Used in various Design Entry.
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