Geology IIGeology II
VocabularyVocabulary
ErosionErosion
• The wearing away of land, rock, or soil by gravity, water, ice, and wind.
TopsoilTopsoil
• The topmost layer of soil, composed primarily of organic matter.
SubsoilSubsoil
• The layer of soil beneath the topsoil.
Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock
• Rock formed from sediments that are pressed together. (example- slate)
Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock
• Rock that has been changed due to pressure and heat. (example- marble)
Igneous RockIgneous Rock
• Rock that has been formed by molten magma or lava that has hardened.
(example- granite)
BedrockBedrock
• A solid rock mass that is unweathered (undisturbed by environmental conditions on Earth’s surface)
MountainMountain
• Uplifted section of the surface of Earth that is formed by the movement of two tectonic plates and by volcanism, folding, and faulting.
Fault-block MountainFault-block Mountain
• A mountain formed when Earth’s crust is pulled apart, resulting in blocks of crust dropping down or being tilted.
Folded MountainFolded Mountain
• A mountain that is formed where plates move into each other, causing layers of rock to move up and warp or fold.
Dome MountainDome Mountain
• A type of folded mountain that is shaped like an upside-down bowl (dome).