Geology307Spring2020
IgneousandMetamorphicPetrology
Above:Askjacaldera,Iceland.Below,dikesandsillsexposedatPicodoArieiro,Madeira
Instructor:Dr.TamaraCarleyEmail:[email protected]:610-330-5199Office:VanWickle101cResearchLab:VanWickle1c
PlaceandTime: VanWickleHall,Room15 Lecture:TuesdayandThursday,9:30-10:45am Lab:Tuesday1:15-4:00pm OfficeHours:Thursday1:15-4:00pmorbyappointmentCourseObjectives:Petrology is the study of rocks: their origins and evolution. In this course, you will thoroughly investigate the lifecycle of igneous and metamorphic rocks using many converging lines of evidence. You will ask, and learn to answer, questions like: What type of rock is this? What is its composition? What minerals are present and in what relative abundances? What textures are visible in the rock? What are its macro- and microscopic characteristics? How did it form? Where did this rock originally form and where was it ultimately found? How has the rock changed since its formation? Where else on earth do we find rocks with similar characteristics? Throughout it all, ask “why, Why, WHY?!” and “how do we know?” and “could there be another explanation?” Learningoutcomes:
• Describe,explain,anddifferentiatethecompositionalandphysicallayersoftheEarth• Identifybasicminerals;understandrelationshipsbetweentheirchemistryandoccurrence• Knowbasicigneousandmetamorphicrockprocessesandtypes• Relaterockprocessestoplatetectonicsorotherbroad-scaleearthprocesses• Explainwhere,whyandhowspecificigneousandmetamorphicrocktypesareproduced• Skillfullyacquire,interpretandaccesssoundscientificdataandinformationabouttheEarth
ThewayIteach:Iamastrongproponentof“activelearning,”and“challenge-basedlearning.”Things“stick”bestwhenyoulearnbydoing.Therewillbefrequentopportunitiestoexerciseagencyandidentifysubtopicsandexamplesthatyoufindtobeparticularlyinterestingandrelevant.Thisapproachtoteachingandlearninghashugebenefits,butitrequiresagreatdealofparticipation,cooperation,enthusiasm,andpreparationonyourpart.Ithankyouinadvance.
2 Geology 307 syllabus
Textbook:PrinciplesofIgneousandMetamorphicPetrology(2ndEdition)byJohnD.Winter(Prentice-Hall).WatchforWallaWallareferences!Photo:ColumbiaRiverBasaltatPalouseFalls,WATalkin’rocks:I’mveryhappytodiscussthecourse,assignments,grades,yourclassroomexperience,andthiscrazyplanetofours.Comeseemeanytimeduringmyofficehours—I’lleitherbeinmyofficeordownstairsinmyresearchlab(checkmydoorforanote!).Youarewelcomedropinatothertimeswhenmydoorisopen.I’malsohappytocommunicateviaemail.I’mnotbigonformality,butIdoaskforasalutation,asign-off,andaresponseinallofouremailexchanges.Iwillstrivetorespondtoyouremailspromptly,butpleaseknowthatImaywaituntilmorning(orMonday)torespondtoemailsreceivedafterIleaveVanWicklefortheevening.Planahead!Attendance:Cometoclass.Cometolab.Attendfieldtrips.IwillgladlyacceptDean-approvedabsences.Otherwise,youmustbepresent(andparticipating!)inclassandlab.Violationofthispolicywillnegativelyimpactyour“DailyNotecard”grade(seefinalpagefordetails).ExamscannotberescheduledwithoutanoticefromtheDean.Classcancelation:ItisthepolicyofLafayetteCollegeandGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencestoholdclasseseverydaytheyarescheduled(nosnowdays!).If a rare circumstance emerges that makes class cancelation unavoidable (dangerous conditions, extreme illness, required research travel), the missed class time will be made up with an alternative arrangement on a case-by-case basis (e.g., rescheduled class, mandatory attendance at a relevant campus event, etc.). Technologyduringlab:It’snottheStoneAgeanymore.Weliveinanamazingtechnologicalera,andwewillmakefrequentuseofmanyelectronicresources(e.g.,GoogleEarth,MELTS,Excel,Moodle,Leica,etc.)duringourtimetogether.Youwillneedaccesstoacomputertosuccessfullycompletemostlabs(eitheryourownlaptoporacomputerlabmachine).Youwillalsofrequentlyneedtousethepetrographicmicroscopecameraapp(onyourcellphone,tablet,orlaptop).Pleasecometolabwithatechnologyplaninplace(e.g.,bringyourlaptoporbereadytovisitthecomputerlab).Pleasecontactmeifthisbecomesaproblemandwewillfindasolution(noproblem!).Technologyduringlecture:Thereisatimeandaplaceforeverything.Pleaseconsiderourclassroomtobeascreenfreezoneduringlectureperiods.Iwillbeveryclearabouttimeswhenlaptopsandphones(orsimilar)maybeused.Otherwise,cometoclassreadytoparticipateindiscussionsandactivitieswithoutthedistractionofatoolwithapowerbutton.Violationofthispolicywillnegativelyimpactyour“DailyNotecard”grade(seefinalpagefordetails).Moodle:WewilluseMoodlefrequently—forcommunication,dailyreadingassignments,resourcedistribution,surveysandpolls,assignmentsubmissions,gradereporting,etc.PleasefamiliarizeyourselfwithMoodle,andpleaseletmeknowifyouhaveanyquestionsorconcerns.MoodleDisclaimer:MoodlecontainsstudentinformationthatisprotectedbytheFamilyEducationalRighttoPrivacyAct(FERPA).Disclosuretounauthorizedpartiesviolatesfederalprivacylaws.CoursesusingMoodlewillmakestudentinformationvisibletootherstudentsinthisclass.Pleaserememberthatthisinformationisprotectedbythesefederalprivacylawsandmustnotbesharedwithanyoneoutsidetheclass.
Geology 307 syllabus 3
AcademicHonesty:Integrityisofparamountimportance,andIholditinthehighestregard.It’sokay(evenencouraged,andoftenrequired!)tostruggleasyougrapplewithnewconcepts.It’snotokay(never,ever)tocompromiseyouracademicintegrity.Anyworkyousubmitmustbeyourowncreation.Theideasyouputforthindiscussionandtheanswersyouprovideonhomeworkorexamsmustbeyouroriginalthoughts;otherwise,creditmustbegivenwherecreditisdue(citingpublishedwork,oracknowledgingyourpeersfortheirintellectualcontributions).AnyperceivedbreachofacademicintegritywillbereportedtothechairofGeologyandEnvironmentalGeosciencesandtotheDeanofStudents.ConsulttheStudentHandbookforfurtherinformation.AcademicAccommodation:Iamhappytodiscussappropriateaccommodationsthatyoumayrequiretobesuccessfulinthiscourse.IaskthatyoucontacttheATTIC([email protected],610-330-5098)andinvolvetheminindeterminingandfacilitatinganactionplanassoonaspossible.WorkSubmission:
• Thestandardduedateforallwork,unlessexplicitlystatedotherwise,isMondaybytheendofbusinesshours(5:00pmviaMoodleortoDr.Carley’soffice).
• WorksubmittedbytheendofbusinesshoursonFriday(5:00pmviaMoodleortoDr.Carley’soffice)willearna5pointearlyincentivebonus(exceptionsexplicitlystated)
• Lateworkwillbeaccepteduntilgradedworkisreturnedtoyourclassmates:5%penaltyiflateondeadlineday,20%penaltyifsubmittedmorethanonedaylate.
• Extracreditwrite-upscanbesubmittedviaMoodleatanytimebeforemidnightonthelastdayofthesemester(05/08/2020).Extracreditwillbeassessedattheendoftheterm.
ProtectedPrivacy:Youwillbeassignedarandom4digitIDnumbertouseonallpapersubmissionsofwork(exams,printedlabs,etc.).Respecttheanonymityofthenumber.WorkReturn:Youmaypickupgradedwork(labrubrics,examandquizscores,etc.)fromthehangingfilesoutsidemyofficedoor,inafolderlabeledwithyouranonymousIDnumber.Youcanviewyourgradedexamsinofficehours(typicallyavailableoneweekafteryoutaketheexam).GradeCommunication:Youareresponsibleforkeepingtrackofyourgradesthroughoutthecourseofthesemester.Thevalueofeachassignmentisavailableinthe“AssignmentOverviewandGradeDistribution”sectionofthissyllabus.Youmayinquireaboutyourgradeinofficehoursatanypointinthesemester.Gradesarenotnegotiable—takeadvantageofextracreditopportunities!Gradingpolicyandabreakdownofthenumbers:
Aboveandbeyond
expectations
Good,high-qualitywork
Sufficient;baselineexpectationsmet
Roomforimprovement
A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D-94% 90% 87% 84% 80% 77% 74% 70% 67% 64% 60%Thesenumbersindicatetheminimumscorethatmustbeearnedforeachcorrespondinglettergrade.Gradesarefirm(norounding!)andnon-negotiable.Takeadvantageofextracreditandopportunitiestoredoworkforpartialcredit.
ExtraCredit:Youmayaddamaximumof5%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade(thisissignificant—takeadvantage!).Allextracreditwillbeassessedandfactoredintoyourfinalgradeattheendofthesemester.ThemostcommonwaytoearnextracreditistoattendGeologyseminarsandothercampusevents(onacase-by-casebasis).Attendanceandappropriateparticipationwilladd0.25%extracredittoyourfinalgrade.Ashortwriteup(2pages,1inchmargins,1.5spacing,size11font)canbesubmittedforamaximumof0.75%extracredittowardsyourfinalgrade.Thewriteupmustcontain:(1)asummaryofthelecture;(2)anoverviewofissuesyoufoundparticularlyinteresting;and(3)questionsyouhaverelatedtothecontentofthelecture.Write-upsaredueviaMoodlebymidnightonthelastdayofclass.
4 Geology 307 syllabus
Courseschedule:Thisscheduleissubjecttochange—beitslowandsteady(uniformitarianism!)orinfitsofdrasticupheaval(catastrophism!).CheckMoodlefrequentlyforup-to-dateinformation.Week GeneraltopicSignificantdatesanddeadlines01/27 Introductiontoigneouspetrology02/03 Intrusiveandextrusiveprocessesandproducts02/10 Themantle02/17 Magmaticevolutionanddifferentiation(Part1)02/24 Magmaticevolutionanddifferentiation(Part2)03/02 Transitionweek:PrinciplestoapplicationLegoLabdue(Mon.);Exam1(Thurs.)03/09 Mid-oceanridges03/16 SpringBreak03/23 Oceanislands03/30 Convergentmargins(Igneous)04/06 Transitionweek:IgneoustometamorphicIgneousWorldTourdue(Mon.);Exam2(Thurs.)04/13 Introductiontometamorphicpetrology04/20 Metamorphicfacies,metamorphismofmaficrocks04/27 Metamorphiczones,metamorphismofpeliticrocks05/04 Metamorphicwrap-upandfinalreflectionsMetamorphicAdopt-a-Rockdue(Thurs..)Finals ExamdatedeterminedbytheRegistrar
GradeDistributionandAssignmentOverview
Category % Description
DailyNotecards 20
Duringlecture,youwillbrainstormideasorrespondtospecificquestions.Questionsmayrelatetotheassignedreadingfortheweek,contentdiscussedinlecture,labactivities,rockormineral
specimens,etc.Thesenotecardswillbeusedtogaugeunderstandingandtopromotediscussion.Youwillreceivepartialcreditforparticipationandfullcreditforqualityresponses.
Exam1 12
Thisexamwillbewrittenfora75-minuteclassperiod.Itmayincludeshortanswerresponses,labelingoffiguresandgraphs,calculations,phasediagramandgeochemicalplotinterpretation,andspecimenwork(identification,interpretation).Youmaycompletetheexamtothebestofyourabilityusingpencilbeforeswitchingtopenandmakingcorrectionsforpartialcreditusingahandwrittennotecard.Exam1willincludecontentthroughcompatibilityandpartitioning.
Exam2 12 Exam2willfollowtheformatandguidelinesspecifiedabove,andwillinclude~40%conceptsfromExam1,~60%newcontent.
FinalExam 15ThefinalexamwillfollowthesameformatandguidelinesasExams1and2.Itwillbe
approximatelytwicethelengthofatypicallectureexam.Thefinalwillbecumulative,andwillconsistof~40%igneousconceptsand~60%metamorphicconcepts.
LegoLab 6
YouwillexplorechemicaldifferentiationusingLegostosimulateacrystallizingmagmabody.Thisexercisewillhelpyoubuildnecessaryskillsforthe“IgneousWorldTour.”Youwill:classifyrocksandmagmausingbulkrockchemistryandmineralassemblages;useExceltocalculatechangingchemistryandtogenerategeochemicalplots;analyzeandinterpretgeochemicalplots;findanddocumenthandsamplesthatcorrespondtotherocksandmineralsinyoursimulation.Youwillsummarizeyourresultsinaconcisebutwell-illustratedreport.
IgneousWorldTourWebsite
15
Together,asaclass,wewillexploremid-oceanridges.Youwillthentakepersonalresponsibilityforuniquevolcanicsystemsin(1)anoceanislandsetting,and(2)asubductionzone.Youandapartnerwillcompareyourfindingsforyouruniquesettings.Thisprojectwillbetheculminationofseverallabsandlecturesintheigneouspetrologyunitoftheclass.You
willpresentyourresultsandinterpretationsinawell-illustratedWordPresswebsite.
MetamorphicAdopt-a-Rock 10
Whenwetransitionfromigneoustometamorphicrocks,youwillfindarockto“adopt.”Youwilldescribetherockinhandsample,makeandcharacterizeathinsection,andmakeyourbestattempttotellthefulllife-storyoftherock,fromtheformationofitsprotolithtoitscurrentstate(usingevidenceliketexture,mineralassemblages).Youwillsummarizeyourworkand
yourinterpretationsinawell-illustrated,data-richpresentation.
Generallabandlecture 10 Standardlabtasks(weekly)andin-classactivitieswithatake-homecomponent(rare)willbe
weightedequallyandfactoredintothiscategory.
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