Alleles What alleles you have will determine what traits you
have. Each person has two alleles, or versions, of each gene For
example, if you have dimples you might have the allele combination
Dd DdDd
Slide 3
Why do you have two? You have two pairs for each
chromosome
Slide 4
Dd Why are there two? The gene is on both pairs, but the
version of the gene might be different. Each version is an allele
One allele is on one of the pairs.
Slide 5
Gene is a section of DNA Chromosomes are made of tightly wound
DNA. A section of the DNA is the gene. Chromosome Allele
Slide 6
DNA DNA contains information in the form of A T C G. The letter
stands for the chemical that is present on the rung of the double
helix
Slide 7
There are lots of types of information!
Slide 8
This is information for proteins The combination ATCG is the
instructions for the protein that will be made.
ATGAGCCAGACACAACGCAAAACGCTGA CGCTATTTGTGCTGGTACTGATCGGCATTA
ATATGCGCCCGCTACTGACCTCGATAGGT CCA TTACTGCCGCAACTGCGGCA CGCAA
CTGGCATGAGCTTTACCTGGTTTCACTACT GACCGCCCTTCCGGTCATCGCGATGGGG
GTGCTGGCGCTTGCCGGAGGCTGGGTTA ACCGCCACGTTAGTGAAA ACCGCAGTATC
GCGCTAAGTCTGCTGGCGATTAGCATTGG CGCGATGCTGCGTGAGCTGGCGCCGCA
AAGCGGTCTGCTGCTTAGCAGCGCGCTG CTCGGCGGGATTGGCATCGGCGTGA TTC
AAGCGAT
Slide 9
Similar to a recipe for cookies The recipe for a cookie gives
you instructions for how to make a cookie. Combine: 2 1/4 cups
flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks)
butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown
sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 large eggs 2 cups Semi-sweet
chocolate chips Bake at 350 for 15 min
Slide 10
Changes in the DNA If there is a change in the DNA then the
instructions for making the protein will be different. If the
instruction for making a protein is different than the protein made
with those instruction will be different.
ATGAGCCAGACACAACGCAAAACGCTGA CGCTATTTGTGCTGGTACTGATCGGCATTA
ATATGCGCCCGCTACTGACCTCGATAGGT CCA TTACTGCCGCAACTGCGGCA CGCAA
CTGGCATGAGCTTTACCTGGTTTCACTACT GACCGCCCTTCCGGTCATCGCGATGGGG
GTGCTGGCGCTTGCCGGAGGCTGGGTTA ACCGCCACGTTAGTGAAA ACCGCAGTATC
GCGCTAAGTCTGCTGGCGATTAGCATTGG CGCGATGCTGCGTGAGCTGGCGCCGCA
AAGCGGTCTGCTGCTTAGCAGCGCGCTG CTCGGCGGGATTGGCATCGGCGTGA TTC
AAGCGAT
Slide 11
Changes in the recipe If there is a change in the cookie recipe
than the instruction for making the cookie will be different. If
the instruction for making a cookie is different than the cookie
made with those instruction will be different. Combine: 2 1/4 cups
flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks)
butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown
sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 large eggs 2 cups Semi-sweet
chocolate chips Bake at 350 for 15 min
Slide 12
Changes can effect the outcome If peanut butter is added to the
recipe than you make peanut butter cookies. They are still cookies
but they are different than the original chocolate chip. Combine: 2
1/4 cups flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2
sticks) butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed
brown sugar 1 cup of peanut butter 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2
large eggs Bake at 350 for 15 min
Slide 13
Changing the brand of chocolate chips will not change that is
it a chocolate chip cookie. So some changes have little or no
effect on the end product. Combine: 2 1/4 cups flour 1 teaspoon
baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks) butter, softened 3/4
cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla
extract 2 large eggs 2 cups ChocoLOTS brand) Semi- sweet chocolate
chips Bake at 350 for 15 min Changes can effect the outcome
Slide 14
Changing the word sugar to salt will make a big change in the
cookies. They wont even be cookies! Combine: 2 1/4 cups flour 1
teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks) butter,
softened 3/4 cup Salt 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla
extract 2 large eggs 2 cups Semi-sweet chocolate chips Bake at 350
for 15 min Changes can affect the outcome
Slide 15
Mutations are changes in DNA DNA is the recipe for proteins If
the DNA is changed the protein will also change The change could:
Have no effect on the protein Change the protein Make it not work
anymore
Slide 16
Gene is the information for a protein The recipe is holding
information for making cookies. The same way if the dna sequence of
a gene is the information for making proteins.