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From the device to the outside plant installation practice
Daniel Lecrosnier
France Telecom /CNET
CH : L. Budry, C. Zimmer
DT : B. Jacobs
FT : F. Bourgart, D. Jugan, C. Kazmierski, A. Madani, S. Mottet
HT : G. Gerdai, P. Jeszenoi, K. Szomolanyi
PT : M. Pousa, Ana Cristina
TE : D. Collins
TI : P. Bradley, N. Caponio, G. Ciochetto, G. Destefanis, A. Gnazzo
Sonera Ltd : A. Immonen
The role of technology
daniel. [email protected]
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Presentation outline
• P614 Task 4 : broadband access enabling technologies
• FTTx infrastructures : requirements & challenges
• xDSL: hardware analysis
• Power Lines communications
• Conclusions
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Task4 : addressing basic technologies
State of the art and evolutions
Cost figures & standardisation issues
FTTx: Optoelectronic modules
Optical cabling technologies
Point to point / point to multipoint links
Measurements and maintenance of the hardware
Opportunities for WDM technologies in access
Powering
Civil work
Installation techniques
Copper: xDSL techniques Power lines communications
ANCIT workshop Torino March 98
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FTTx infrastructure : hardware & civil work
FTTC/Cab
FTTB
FTTH
FTTF /O
Manhole
Duct Duct / direct buried
LEX
O
L
T
MDFOM
Cables : Connectors :
Splices in enclosure : Splitter :
MDF : main distribution fram e OM : optical monitoring
ONU
ONU
ONUONU
ONU
ONU
(HFC)
(HFR)
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Optical access network : specific requirements
1. Reduce the costs: O/E conversion
hardware, installation, civil works
2. Overcome many environmental constraints:
. aerial cables (humidity, temperature variations, UV, wind, frost, snow, shots) :
special fibre/cable design, robust connecting technologies
. cable installation using copper civil work (overlay deployment) :
low diameter, high density fibre cables
. many branching points : easy splicing, fast connector mounting
. indoor cabling : low curvature radius fibre/cable
. customer installation : hardware must be secure, robust and friendly to handle
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ATM/PON standard from FSAN
Optical Transmission 2 fibres 1fibre 1fibre WDM WDM
1.3µm 1.3 1.5 1.3+ 1.3-
Bit rate (Mbit/s) between Downstream UpstreamOLT and ONUSymmetric 155 155.52 155.52Asymmetric 622 622.08 155.52
Optical path loss 10 - 25 dB (G.982 Class B)15 - 30 dB (G.982 Class C)
Differential path loss 15 dB
Overall reflectance at S/R points 32 dB
Temperature FTTH ONU 0 to 60°C (case temperature)- 40 to +85°C (storage)
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O/E module road map
Integrated optical module
1990
Hybrid optical module
1
2
1, 2
Fibre
InP
(Planar Lightwave Circuit)
Evolution ofTechnologies
Waveguide Photodiode
Laser with spot size converterWDM mux/dmux
PLC Si platform
Years2000
Micro-optics
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Basic cost of O/E modules
Data rate 155 Mbit/s
1996FSAN data
100
200
300
400
500
102 103 104 105 106
Micro-optics trend
PLC Hybrid Integration
PR
ICE
(U
S $
)
PRODUCTION VOLUME/YEAR
40 dollars
1998 micro-optic
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Cabling technologies : feeder section
Low diameter, low weight, high density optical cables are available
62 mm
5500 kg/km
21mm
363 kg/km
448 copper pairs 648 optical fibres
Cost of standard G652 fibre in cable is about 2 times the copper pair’s
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Cabling technologies : drop & CPN
Need for cables with few single mode fibres
- hard environment- today G652 fibre diameter bend : 60 to 40 mm - improved fibre : less sensitive to strain, new coatings
20 mm target Alternative fibres :
- Multimode silica fibre- Plastic clad silica fibre
- Plastic fibre easy to connect (indoor use) - fibre still at evaluation stage
- cost?
easy to connect
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Cabling technologies
Com pressed air
Pushing and blow ing head
M ic ro du c tCab le
Air tight pistonJo in t b o x
E ne rgy
Cab le
trans p08.ds 4
Installation with blowing techniques (ANCIT workshop)
First patents from BT :blowing of optical fibre unit- up to 6 fibres- range: up to 800 meters
Extended to cables pulling/blowing - range : up to 2400 meters
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Cabling technologies
Micro cable micro civil work
Micro Cabling System from Siemens(ANCIT workshop)
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Cabling technologies
Connectors : field mounting is recognised as a critical issue
Innovations are expected :
- simplified mounting procedure - ceramic ferrule replaced by glass, plastic - ferrule-less connector - multi-fibre connectors, miniaturisation - easy fibre preparation, polishing (?)
Splices- fusion : preferred by most operators but high cost (40$)- mechanical : under field test
Advanced solutions :
- MT - RJ system - VF- 45 - SC Light Crimp - Optoclip
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Cabling technologies : splitters
PLANAR GLASS
PLANAR GLASS
FIBRE
FIBRE
FIBRE
PLC
PLC
3 technologies : - fibre - planar glass - PLC
- High cost : 50 EURO per port
- Location is still an open question - in the field (near customer premises) - at local exchange
QUANTITIES
CO
ST
(E
UR
O)
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A comparison study: P to P / P to MP
OLTONU
ONU
Point to Multipoint
Point to Multipoint
OLT
Splitter in the exchange
ONU
ONUOLT
Point to PointONU
ONUOLT
Splitter in the outside plant
NOC’98 (Manchester, UK)
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Functional comparison
Optoelectronic systems
Fibre infrastructure
Installation techniques
Initial cost estimated case 3 cheaper
O&M
Service Provision
Network Upgrading
Cost evaluation difficult strategic functionalities
Case 2 P to MPSplitter in LEX
Case 3 P to MPSplitter outside
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Case 1 P to P
Eva
luat
ion
fac
tor
(arb
itr.
un
its)
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Hardware monitoring based on OTDR
OLT
ONU
OTDR
Control
WDM
OS
s
m
OS : Optical selector
Filter to stop m
To other PONs
Rm F
F
s
m
Rm Reference reflection
m ( 1600-1650 nm window )
Local exchange Outside plant
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WDM opportunities in access
WDM is booming in trunk networks.
What’s about in access?
• Where WDM could be used in the access network?
• What are the drivers for WDM?
• How WDM could be implemented in the access network?
• Is WDM technology ready for access application ? (WDM lite)
• What economical advantages could be foreseen using WDM?
• What could be suggested to Network Operators today?
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WDM in access : where? why? when?
subscribers
< 5
0 k
m<
10
km
< 1
km
LEX LEX
FTTB/F/O HFCFTTCabFTTB/H Radio HFR
CC
100.000
10.000
200
CustomerPremises
LAN
level 1
level2
level 3
level 4
Capacity upgradeShort term
Dedicated Short/mid term
Capacity upgradeService separation Long term
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ADSL : hardware analysis
• Modems are mainly based on silicon technology– Basic functions :
• analogue/digital converter, DSP, interfaces
==> 3 to 5 chips, ~3 million transistors, CMOS 0.5- 0.35µm, < 100$
• splitter, protection (passive components)
Today
value
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ADSL : hardware analysis
• Copper network ability to support ADSL depends on historical practices – most European networks length fits quite well – uncertainties rely on :
• cable gauge, insulation, design, bridged taps• installation in duct, buried, aerial
Testing quality & performance is becoming a critical issue
• Indoor cabling – first trials lesson is : ‘‘to be drastically simplified’’...– ‘low disturbance’ solutions recommended
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Power Lines communications
Outdoor Indoor
Transmission of data on low voltage electricity distribution network
Foreseen domains of applications :
TRANSFORMERMV/LV
POWER LINE CABLES
ADAPTORS
TOWARD
CORE NETWORK
METERCOAX or FIBRE
COAX
BASESTATION
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PLC: first view, open questions
• Outdoor : could be an alternative but...
– technical feasibility announced, but not clearly demonstrated– limited bandwidth : ~1Mbit/s shared with (200-250) customers
connected to the same MV/LV transformer – many noise sources: household appliances, radio-amateur– variable cable impedance– EMC, standardisation & cost issues to be addressed – field trials need co-operation with electricity suppliers
A Wooden Horse among Telcos?
• Indoor : products are available for low data rate applications
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Conclusions
Which broadband technologies for access ?
• ADSL : ready now for large scale deployment
• Fibre based solutions for :– customers whose demand can’t be satisfied with ADSL
• business : FTTB/F/O • SOHO & residential : FTTCab/H - HFC, HFR
– green field areas, infrastructure renewal
• PLC : immature with today knowledge