7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
1/59
FOUN 1105 (Plenary 12)
Scientific and Technical Writing
Specific Expository Strategies Part 3
Wrap-Up and Final Examination Preparation
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
2/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
3/59
Objectives continued
4/7/2015
Utilize various expository strategies in developing the
extended definition essay
Discuss the merit of given body paragraphs that reflectvarious expository tools
Assess a complete formal extended definition essay
Recap the main attributes of the courses focus on
academic writing in preparation for the final examination
3FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
4/59
Recap: Specific Expository Strategies
Parts 1 and 2
A formal expository uses certain strategies in the development
of its main ideas.
Inclusive are the following strategies:
1. Analysis by division breaking down an entity into its various parts.2. Classification placing items in groups based on commonalities
3. Process analysis outlining and explaining the stages of something
4. Cause and effect highlighting the causes or effects of something
5. Comparison and contrast exploring the similarities and differences
between things
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali 4April 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
5/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
6/59
Consider these examples
What is a?
6FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
7/59
What we glean from this
There is hardly an item that can be fully defined in one basicsentence.
What we accept as a definition for one thing also lends itself to
defining many other things.
The definition we offer must be added to, or extended, using other
tools in order to fully understand an item.
This gives rise to using a specific strategy along a certain line oracombination of expository strategies in a single essay resulting in
the phenomenon called extended definition
7FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
8/59
What is extended definition?
Extended definition is not an expository method per se,but rather refers to the use of a specific expository tool or a combination
of expository tools to explain the meaning of a specific term/concept.
In other words, the extended definition essay utilizes one or more of the
following expository strategies, as tools, in explaining and developinga concept:
1. Analysis by division
2. Classification
3. Cause and effect
4. Comparison and contrast
5. Process analysis
8FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
9/59
How is definition different from extended
definition?
Definition is central to many forms of writing when a term
that is being used is unfamiliar to the reader. This is usually
a one-sentence definition.
In extended definition, the writers aim is to define as
precisely as possible, what he/she sees as the meaning of a
particular term. In this case, an entire essay is devoted toexplaining the meaning of a term.
9FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
10/59
When to use extended definition
When the meaning of a term is unclear/ambiguous
When you want to give additional meaning about a
term/subject that is not well known
When numerous examples are necessary to clarify a
term
When it is important to explain the significance of a topic
10FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
11/59
Contexts for extended definition
Abstract terms culture, democracy, freedom
Controversial terms pornography, gay, mediocrity
Common assumptions childhood, an insult
11FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
12/59
Starting off:
Arriving at a definition!
Two questions must be answered:
1. What exactly is this thing?
2. What makes this thing what it is and notsomethingelse?
12FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
13/59
3 components of a definition
2. The class to which
it belongs
3.
A differentiating
detail
1. The term to be
defined
13FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
14/59
Example 1:
What is Rastafarianism?
2. A religious
movement
3. The belief ofHaile Selassie,
The black messiah.
Originated in
Jamaica
1. Rastafarianism
14FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
15/59
Rastafarianism
Oxford Fable Dictionary:
A religious movement of Jamaican origin holding thatblacks are the chosen people. Rastafarians believe thatthe Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was the Messiah,and that black people will eventually return to their African
homeland. They have distinctive codes of behaviour anddress, including wearing dreadlocks.
Origin:
Root from Ras Tafari, the name by which Haile Selassiewas known.
15FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
16/59
Example 2:
What is a bikini?
2. Ladies swimwear
3. Two-piece
1. A bikini
16FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
17/59
A bikini
Oxford Dictionary:
Brief two-piece bathing-suit worn by women.
Origin:from Bikini, a type of Pacific atoll in the South China
Seas that appears in pairs.
17FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
18/59
Activity :
What is ice-cream?
2.
3.
1.
18FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
19/59
Ice-cream
Oxford Dictionary:
A sweet, creamy, frozen dessert.
Origin:
An ice-cream-like food was first eaten in China in 97AD.
King Tang of Shang, had 94 ice men who helped to makea dish of buffalo milk, flour and camphor.
Ice Cream sundaes were invented when it became illegalto sell ice-cream sodas on a Sunday in the American town
of Evanston during the late 19th century. To get round theproblem some traders replaced the soda with syrup andcalled the dessert an "Ice Cream Sunday." They replacedthe final "y" with an "e" to avoid upsetting religiousleaders.
19FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
20/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali20
Important!!!
A definition does not replace a thesis statement in anextended definition essay.
It may be part of the thesis statement.
If the definition does not form part of the thesis
statement, then it is placed somewhere before the thesis
statement. It is therefore one of the sentences of the
Introduction.
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
21/59
Exploring extended definition
This method initially offers a definition for a term/concept/ expression/ phenomenon.
It then extends the definition, in sufficient detail, for thereader to know exactly what the given topic is.
The reader must be clear about what the item is andwhat it is not.
There are multiple tools for achieving this.
21FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
22/59
The essays measures
The essay can include examples, case studies, researchfindings, quotations, full descriptions, analogies,statistics, et cetera, in an effort to explain the given topicclearly.
It may also utilize one method or a combination of otherexpository methods (no more than three in a singleessay) to explain the given topic.
It is best as a mixture of the above two measures.
22FOUN 1105 - Tyrone AliApril 7, 2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
23/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
24/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
25/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali25
An Example
Topic: What is meant by adolescence?
Thesis statement:
Adolescence is a stage of life that is characterized by puberty,generates various behaviours and is substantially different from
childhood.
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
26/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali26
Fleshing out the thesis statement
Sub-topics:
Puberty
Behaviours
Differentiation from
childhood
Topic sentences:
A major characteristic ofadolescence is puberty.
Various behaviours aredisplayed by juveniles during
pubescence.
Pre-adulthood may be
compared to childhood in avariety of ways.
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
27/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali27
Exploring this examples
Mixed-Method Approach
Each of the sub-topics relates to a particular method of
exposition:
Sub-topic 1 = analysis by division
Sub-topic 2 = cause and effect
Sub-topic 3 = comparison and contrast
Each sub-topic can yield one paragraph or more than
one paragraph.
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
28/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali28
Using the Right Vocabulary!
The vocabulary of each expository method must be
utilized in the related paragraphs.
Adolescence is a stage of life that ischaracterized by puberty, generatesvarious behaviours and is substantiallydifferent from childhood.
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
29/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali29
Examination Cue
The cue for an extended definition essay in theexamination is:
Explain what is meant by
Or
What is meant by?
Or
Define
Or
What is understood by the term?
Et cetera
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
30/59
FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali30
Past Paper Questions
Explain what is meant by one of the following:
The glass ceiling
The glass escalator
White-collar crime A bad-john
Roti
A one-day cricket match
The Westminster Model A river lime
Expository writing
4/7/2015
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
31/59
The extended definition essay
An introductory paragraph
Starts with general information, contains a working definition
for the term (the term, the class to which it belongs and some
differentiating detail fro other terms in that class), and ends in
the thesis statement that tells the focus of the essay.
he essays body
Made up of several paragraphs that help to explain the main
ideas of the essays focus. Each paragraph starts with the
main idea expressed as a complete topic sentence. This isfollowed by details in the form of sentences that giveexplanations, examples, quotations, etc.
4/7/2015 31FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
32/59
The extended definition essay continued.
The conclusion
This is the final paragraph of the essays body. It rounds
off the entire essay, creates a sense of closure for the
reader and reiterates the controlling idea withoutrepeating the thesis statement word for word. No new
points are introduced and both reader and writer are
satisfied that the essay has ended.
4/7/2015 32FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
33/59
Example using extended definition
Task
Leisure seems to be an elusive attainment for many. Much effort is
channelled into the world of work in order to create opportunities
for leisure. Explain what is meant by leisure.
Working definition:
Leisure refers to free time that may be used for pleasurable
pursuits.
Thesis statement:
Leisure comprises active and passive activities, may be contrasted
with work and results in feelings of satisfaction and well-being.
4/7/2015 33FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
34/59
Analysis of example
The given topic creates a contextual base for
understanding the term. Locate the actual task to be
done.
The working definition has the three components of
a definition the term to be defined, the class to
which it belongs, and some differentiating detail.
The thesis statement satisfies the elements of a
well-worded extended definition thesis - SPLACED
4/7/2015 34FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
35/59
The introduction
Adults work hard in order to achieve certain goals, be
they a better standard of living for their families, a sense
of self-actualization or simply a fulfillment of societys
expectations. Children, too, work hard in order to be
successful at school and in their various pursuitssports, art, et cetera. But the adage, all work and no
play makes Jack a dull boy comes to mind. A healthy
lifestyle offers the need for a balance between hard work
and leisure. Leisure refers to free time that may be usedfor pleasurable pursuits. Leisure comprises active
and passive activities, may be contrasted
with work and results in feelings of
satisfaction and well-being.4/7/2015 35FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
36/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
37/59
A second body paragraph
In order to best explain the concept of
leisure, one needs to understand the notion of
work as these two may be contrasted. Work
implies paid labour and involves the exchange of
services for income. The diversity of work that existsmay be further categorized according to qualification,
occupational hazard, income earned and other criteria.
Basically, work entails a certain number of hour, in a
specific location, and calls on the worker to focus directlyon particular tasks that are pivotal to attaining the overall
objectives of the firm. The workers time, focus, aim and
location are features of paid work.
4/7/2015 37FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
38/59
A third body paragraph
On the other hand, leisure is not characterized by an
intensity to the attainment of any such objectives,
Rather, the individual uses time in a more relaxed
manner that is stress-free and depictive of less
constraint as activities are undertaken. The focus is onhaving a degree of fun as the aim is to enjoy ones self,
in a location that is totally different from the world of
works. Elements such as qualification, occupational
hazard and income are non-issues when one isengaging in leisure.
4/7/2015 38FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
39/59
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
40/59
The conclusion
Leisure is elusive to some but attainable to many.
Regardless of the degree of work or study in ones life,
leisure offers a break from ones daily routine. Consisting
of both active and passive activities, leisure allows an
individual to have multiple choices. When contrastedagainst the rigours of work, leisure is seen as a
necessary oasis in one's life. Finally, the potential
satisfaction and increased well-being that emerge out of
leisure pursuits underscore its role for everyone.
4/7/2015 40FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
41/59
Questions?
4/7/2015 FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali 41
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
42/59
Prepare for the Battle of Exams!
Know your enemy!
Equip yourself for battle!
Know your strengths and weaknesses!
4/7/2015 42FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
43/59
Be Aware!
1. Where can you find the criteria for mark allocation?
2. What three aspects of writing are given marks in the
final examination?
3. Which area has the heaviest weighting of marks?Why do you think this is?
4. What really wound the examiners up in the last exam?
5. What were the most common error symbols on your
coursework scripts? (SVA, pp, sp, D, P, SC, CS, art.)
4/7/2015 43FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
44/59
1. Language
COFHER: the six elements of academic
writing
4/7/2015 44FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
45/59
Complexity
4/7/2015 45FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
46/59
Objectivity
4/7/2015 46FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
47/59
Formality
4/7/2015 47FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
48/59
Hedging
4/7/2015 48FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
49/59
Explicitness
4/7/2015 49FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
50/59
Responsibility
Acknowledge and be accurate.
4/7/2015 50FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
2 O i ti
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
51/59
2. Organization:
It makes the reader feel secure!
4/7/2015 51FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
52/59
Essay Structure! An introduction opens the essay and orients the reader
to the topic of discussion. It ends in a solid thesis
statement that guides the entire essay.
Each body paragraph follows, beginning with the main
idea of the paragraph expressed as an opening topic
sentence. Supporting details in sentence form add to the
discussion. These may include explanations, examples,
illustrations, etc.
The final paragraph, the conclusion, rounds off the entire
essay and reiterates the controlling idea. No new pointsare introduced.
Linking or transition words help to make paragraphs
coherent.4/7/2015 52FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
53/59
Signal with linking words!
To give an example - for example, for instance, a case in point
To show addition - additionally, also, and, furthermore, moreover, equallyimportant
To show analysis aspect, component, element, is made up of
To show classification group, category, class, sort To show cause leads to, produces, results in, is caused by
To show effect consequences, impact, repercussions, effect, results
To show comparison - also, likewise, in the same way, similarly
To show contrast- but, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on thecontrary, yet,
To show process - first, second, third, next, then, consequently,subsequently, after, before, during, earlier, later
To emphasize - indeed, in fact, of course
To conclude or repeat Thus, therefore , as such
4/7/2015 53FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
54/59
3. Content
Content is the cargo that is transported in your vehicle ofacademic language.
How safely and effortlessly you transport this cargo is
your organization.
Whereas the academic language and the organizationalstructure in FOUN 1105 remain the same, the content
changes each semester.
This semester, the content area being examined is:
pplications of Modern Technology to Science
4/7/2015 54FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
55/59
Possible exam considerations!
Know what modern technology is all about (the concept,
examples, why it is considered modern, the link to
science, etc.)
Be able to identify elements and examples of modern
technology as used in scientific disciplines
Enter armed with how modern technology may be applied
to your own scientific field
Be prepared to discuss why the technology we use in
science today is considered modern but the technology
used in previous times is not.
It may be worth your while to be able to place elements of
modern technology into groups and have examples of
these groups.4/7/2015 55FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
56/59
Todays Recap!
Specific Expository Strategies Part 3
Course Wrap-Up
Final Examination Preparation
4/7/2015 56FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
57/59
This Weeks Tutorial Information
Writing body paragraphs (with topic sentences) for
expository essay topics using Cause and Effect Analysis
and Comparison and Contrast Analysis
4/7/2015 57FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
58/59
This Weeks Independent Study
myeLearning
Block 6: Exploring a sample essay using Extended
definition
Block 10: Revising Editing and Proofreading
Self-Assessment (Grammar):
Complete Proof reading Exercise #5
4/7/2015 58FOUN 1105 - Tyrone Ali
N W k
7/24/2019 FOUN 1105 Plenary 12 Semester 2 2014-2015 MyeLearning Version
59/59
Next Week:
One plenary lecture:Make-Up final lecture by Mr. Tyrone Ali on
Monday 13th April, 12 2pm, LRC Auditorium
Tutorial:
Writing body paragraphs (with topic sentences) for
expository essay topics using Extended Definition
Clarification of final examination matters
Return of Credit Assignment 3
4/7/2015 59FOUN 1105 T Ali