Packaging MaterialsPackaging MaterialsFood ManufactureFood Manufacture
Packaging MaterialsPackaging Materials
CansCans
Glass ContainersGlass Containers
Rigid plastic containersRigid plastic containers
Flexible plastic packaging Flexible plastic packaging
Paper & boardPaper & board
Aluminium foil & laminatesAluminium foil & laminates
StyrofoamStyrofoam
CansCansAdvantages:Advantages:
Cheap & widely used in AustraliaCheap & widely used in Australia
Provides good protection of the contentsProvides good protection of the contents
Easy to handle during manufacture (filling stacking & packing)Easy to handle during manufacture (filling stacking & packing)
Stack easily on supermarket shelvesStack easily on supermarket shelves
Store for long periods of timeStore for long periods of time
Steel cans:Steel cans:
coated in tin which acts as a barrier and prevents the food reacting with the steel. coated in tin which acts as a barrier and prevents the food reacting with the steel.
Cans containing acidic ingredients are coated with a plastic lacquer to prevent a Cans containing acidic ingredients are coated with a plastic lacquer to prevent a reaction with the metalreaction with the metal
Used for solid & semi-solid foods.Used for solid & semi-solid foods.
Aluminium cans:Aluminium cans:
used for soft drinks & beerused for soft drinks & beer
CansCansAluminium CansAluminium Cans
CansCansSteel CansSteel Cans
CansCans
Cans that have bulges or dentsCans that have bulges or dents
Air may have entered so there is a risk of Air may have entered so there is a risk of microbial contaminationmicrobial contamination
Lacquer may be damaged & food may have Lacquer may be damaged & food may have reacted with the metal Canned food do not reacted with the metal Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are required only on have a use-by date as they are required only on foods with a shelf life less than 2 yearsfoods with a shelf life less than 2 years
Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are only required on foods that have a shelf life of less only required on foods that have a shelf life of less than 2 yearsthan 2 years
Glass ContainersGlass ContainersCharacteristics:Characteristics:
Chemically inert - wont react Chemically inert - wont react with its contentswith its contents
Non porousNon porous
Odourless & hygienicOdourless & hygienic
Contents can be seen as glass is Contents can be seen as glass is transparenttransparent
Great strength (continually Great strength (continually getting stronger & lighter)getting stronger & lighter)
Easy open & re-sealable Easy open & re-sealable
Variety of shapes & sizesVariety of shapes & sizes
Long-term storage & extended Long-term storage & extended shelf-lifeshelf-life
Sustainable - can be recycled or Sustainable - can be recycled or re-usedre-used
Glass ContainersGlass Containers
Uses:Uses:
Semi-liquid, liquid & solid foodsSemi-liquid, liquid & solid foods
Examples:Examples:
Preparation:Preparation:
Air blowing, rinsing with warm water, Air blowing, rinsing with warm water, washing in detergent, sterilising (aseptic)washing in detergent, sterilising (aseptic)
Paper & CardboardPaper & CardboardPaper:Paper:
Used for a wide variety of productsUsed for a wide variety of products
Versatile & cost effectiveVersatile & cost effective
Variety of shapes, textures & thickness' availableVariety of shapes, textures & thickness' available
Greaseproof paper can be used when packaging products such as Greaseproof paper can be used when packaging products such as confectionary & butter. They act as a barrier to odours & moistureconfectionary & butter. They act as a barrier to odours & moisture
Paperboard (thicker paper-based packaging)Paperboard (thicker paper-based packaging)
Can be laminated with other materials to create strength & moisture Can be laminated with other materials to create strength & moisture resistance E.g. Tetra packsresistance E.g. Tetra packs
Pulped FibreboardPulped Fibreboard
Offers protection for products such as eggs because of the airsplace between Offers protection for products such as eggs because of the airsplace between the particlesthe particles
Refer to table 11.2 Pg 218Refer to table 11.2 Pg 218
PaperPaper& Cardboard& Cardboard
PaperPaper& Cardboard& Cardboard
PaperPaper& cardboard& cardboard
Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic PackagingAdvantages:Advantages:
Lightweight & strongLightweight & strong
High resistance to High resistance to breakagebreakage
Available in a wide Available in a wide variety of colours, variety of colours, shapes, sizes & texturesshapes, sizes & textures
Can add to the sale Can add to the sale appeal of the productappeal of the product
Cheap and easy to Cheap and easy to produce compared to produce compared to other packaging other packaging materialsmaterials
Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic Packaging
Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic PackagingTypes of plastic used:Types of plastic used:
polyethylene terephalate (PET) - polyethylene terephalate (PET) - used clear as colouring has an used clear as colouring has an impact on the strength. E.g. soft impact on the strength. E.g. soft drink, water & oildrink, water & oil
high density polyethylene (HDPE) high density polyethylene (HDPE) - stronger when colour is added. - stronger when colour is added. Used for products with a shorter Used for products with a shorter shelf life E.g. milkshelf life E.g. milk
Polypropylene (PP) - high melting Polypropylene (PP) - high melting point so is useful for hot fill point so is useful for hot fill products such as soups & fruits in products such as soups & fruits in syrup. Can be moulded easily E.g. syrup. Can be moulded easily E.g. yoghurt & ice creamyoghurt & ice cream
Polystyrene (PS) - Aerated texture Polystyrene (PS) - Aerated texture allows package to protect the allows package to protect the product from physical damage. product from physical damage. Also provide thermal retention Also provide thermal retention E.g. trays & cupsE.g. trays & cups
Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic Packaging
Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging
Any plastic that is formed into a sheet or reel with a Any plastic that is formed into a sheet or reel with a thickness os up to 0.375mmthickness os up to 0.375mm
Plastic films & Bags:Plastic films & Bags:
Polyethylene (PET) E.g. cling wrapPolyethylene (PET) E.g. cling wrap
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) E.g. Cereal bagsHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) E.g. Cereal bags
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) E.g. Kraft singles Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) E.g. Kraft singles wrapperswrappers
Polypropylene (PP) E.g. chip, biscuit, 2 minute Polypropylene (PP) E.g. chip, biscuit, 2 minute noodle wrappersnoodle wrappers
Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging
Plastics are made by melting a pellet and Plastics are made by melting a pellet and forcing it out into the desired shape. This forcing it out into the desired shape. This process is known as EXTRUSIONprocess is known as EXTRUSION
ExtrusionExtrusion
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging
Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging
Laminations (composite plastics):Laminations (composite plastics):
Combining 2 or more plastic materials from Combining 2 or more plastic materials from separate reels that are glued together with separate reels that are glued together with adhesiveadhesive
Plastics are extruded and glued together at Plastics are extruded and glued together at the same timethe same time
MAP packaged and vacuum packages can MAP packaged and vacuum packages can use 3-11 layersuse 3-11 layers
Flexible Flexible Plastic Plastic PackagingPackaging
Flexible Flexible Plastic Plastic packagingpackaging
Aluminium FoilsAluminium FoilsMost foils made from aluminiumMost foils made from aluminium
Advantages:Advantages:
lightlight
flexibleflexible
strongstrong
Able to withstand moderate Able to withstand moderate heatheat
Examples:Examples:
Tubes - condensed milkTubes - condensed milk
Trays - frozen foodsTrays - frozen foods
Product seals - sour cream, Product seals - sour cream, butter & yoghurtbutter & yoghurt
Wrappers - Cadbury chocolate Wrappers - Cadbury chocolate blockblock
LaminationsLaminationsAluminium foil joined with other Aluminium foil joined with other materials such as plastic and paper materials such as plastic and paper to create a stronger packaging to create a stronger packaging material. material.
Example:Example:
Muesli bar wrapper (paper, foil Muesli bar wrapper (paper, foil & plastic)& plastic)
Tetra Packs:Tetra Packs:
Multi-layered laminations Multi-layered laminations known as composite packagesknown as composite packages
Each layer provides a different Each layer provides a different purposepurpose
Metallising:Metallising:
Plastic coated in a fine layer of Plastic coated in a fine layer of metal. E.g. Twisties chip metal. E.g. Twisties chip packetspackets
Tetra PakTetra Pak
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OthersOthersCombination Packages:Combination Packages:
2 or more separate packaging materials that function 2 or more separate packaging materials that function independently of one anotherindependently of one another
E.g. Breakfast CerealE.g. Breakfast Cereal
Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Packaging:Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Packaging:
Primary - Package in which the food is sold to the consumerPrimary - Package in which the food is sold to the consumer
Secondary - Food sold with a secondary level of packaging. Secondary - Food sold with a secondary level of packaging. E.g. 6 pack of poppersE.g. 6 pack of poppers
Tertiary - Used to secure multiple secondary packages to Tertiary - Used to secure multiple secondary packages to make bulk handling & transportation easier. E.g. shrink make bulk handling & transportation easier. E.g. shrink wrapped palletswrapped pallets