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FMI
1. Characterize the relative abilities of space-based W, Ku-, and Ka-band radars and microwave imagers and sounders to detect light.
What are the detection limits of each instrument? Can rainfall probabilities be assigned to Z and TB signatures?
2. Evaluate retrievals of rainfall intensity in shallow freezing level environments.
How does the ratio of cloud-rain impact PIA and PMW TBs? How does the vertical structure of precipitation impact
emission/attenuation-based algorithms? What are the impacts of other algorithm assumptions including
DSD and melting layer properties on rainrate estimates? How do well are FOV-dependent factors such as beamfilling and
multiple-scattering represented?3. Determine the properties of the local environment that
influence the characteristics of precipitation in this region.
May 14, 2023 LPVEx 2010 2
Ground Sensors Disdrometers: 2DVD (2) and Parsivel (6-10) 10+ rain gauges 5 SWE probes ADMIRARI Radiometer (total LWP) 3 C-band Doppler radars (fully adaptable scanning
geometry) Still looking for Ka- and or X-band radar 2 Precipitation Occurrence Sensing Systems (POSS) UHF Wind Profiler 3 Micro Rain Radars (MRR) SMEAR aerosol/flux tower 6 Ceilometers Sounding system and expendables at Jarvenpaa (+ twice
daily soundings from St. Petersburg, Tallinn, and Jokioinen) May 14, 2023 LPVEx 2010 3
Wyoming King Air W-band cloud radar Water content: DMT, Gerber, Nevzorov Microphysics: 2D-P, CIP, CDP (FSSP/2D-C) Aerosol: PCASP-100X, UWYO CCNC-100A Ancillary: RH, T, altitude, wind speed
RV Aranda Weather mast with disdrometers installed Vaisala sounding system Oceanographic measurements (conductivity,
temperature, depth, Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), etc.)
May 14, 2023 LPVEx 2010 4
Z
DSD/PSD
RH and LWP
T and z
Vantaa
HarmajaIsland
Maximum Extent of Flight Operations
Region of Likely Flight Operations
Green = FMI Wx Stn = Enhanced Obs. = Vaisala WxTs (inc. rain)Gray circles = 20 km radar range rings
Kerava
RV Aranda Ops.
Emasalo
TurkuJärvenpää
PorvooKalbadaglund
= Spiral= Stacked
flight legs
Kumpula
Coordinated airborne W-band radar with in situ ground-based, and ship-based μ-physics, precip., and thermodynamics.
In situ observations constrain DSD retrievals within C-band radar volumes. These 3D fields provide input to PMW and Ka/Ku-band simulators.
Cloud resolving model simulations with both GCE and RAMS provide another source of input to simulators.
Direct Evaluation
Cloud Resolving Models & Satellite Simulators
Measurement Observable Simulators