Exploration & ExpansionVoyages of Discovery
Ms. James
Voyages to Discovery
• What caused the Age of Exploration?1. Renaissance = spirit of discovery
2. Search for wealth• People want to find a faster way to India to get
trade goods
3. Advances in Technology
• Three G’s: Gold, God, & Glory
Routes to India• Sail east around Africa• (New Idea) Sail west…Opps New World
New Technology
• Explorers needed to calculate their location with a…
• Compass • Astrolabe
• Developed by Muslim Empires
New Technology Cont…
• Explorers needed a ship that can hold large cargos and withstand heavy waves…
• Caravel- was a light, fast sailing ship• Steered with rudder• Triangular Sails• Equipped with cannons
Portuguese Explorers
• Portugal’s Kings were patrons of the explorers…• King Henry the Navigator- ultimate goal
was to find a water route around Africa to India.
• Portuguese1. Bartolomeu Dias (map on next slide)
• First European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of Africa “Cape of Good Hope”
Portuguese Explorers Cont…
2. Vasco de Gama• First to make it
to Clicut, India and back to Portugal!
Portuguese Explorers Cont…
3. Pedro Cabral• Second trip to
India!• Sailed to Brazil
and Indonesia!• Lucrative
trading posts
Spanish Explorers
• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella helped finance certain voyages!
1. Christopher Columbus (1492)• Columbus sails west to get to India…
inventive idea but flawed because the Americas are in the way!
• Sails to Caribbean Islands• Finds “Indians” and he believes he found
new route to India!
Columbus’ Route
Spanish Explorers Cont..
2. Amerigo Vespucci• First to realize that Columbus found
a “New World”, Americas named after him.
Spanish Explorers Cont…3. Vasco Nunez de
Balboa• Tried to find passage
at Isthmus of Panama. • Spanish realize there’s
another ocean to cross to get to India.
• First to reach Pacific Ocean from New World• Panama Canal
today!!!
Spanish Explorers Cont…
4. Ferdinand Magellan• Sails west to sail
AROUND WORLD!• Circumnavigate- sail
completely around the world.
• Left with 250 men, and returns with only 18 (Minus Magellan, he dies during voyage)
English Explorers• English
1. John Cabot, sailed to Canada
English Explorers Cont…
2. Sir Francis Drake, sailed to southern tip of South America and stopped over in modern day California. • #2 to circumnavigate the world.
English Explorers Cont…
3. Henry Hudson• Tried to find Northeast Passage, but found ice
instead. Not the last time we’ll see Hudson.
French Explorers• French
1. Jacques Cartier (1534 – 1535)• Sailed into the St.
Lawrence River in Canada “New France” or Newfoundland
• Fur Trade is very profitable.
Dutch Explorers• Dutch
1. Henry Hudson (Again, but for different country)• Explored Hudson Bay region, in search of
Northwest Passage
Henry’s search for the Northeast Passage
Explorers find new ways to make new routes…
• Can’t Go Over It. • Can’t Go Under It. • Can’t Go Around It. • Got to Go Through It.
Making Contact!• The beginning of conquest and colonies
occurs when explorers get off their ships in search of riches and land to claim for country!
• Cortes (Aztec Empire)• Pizarro (Inca Empire)
• REMEMBER • 3 G’s: God, Gold, & Glory
That’s All Folks