Explain each character’s “role” in the following video . . .
Body Story: Body Snatchers1. Nostril Hairs2. Mucus3. Spiky Virus (Influenza B)4. Natural Killer Cells5. Macrophages6. Cilia7. Interleukins8. Fever9. Dendritic Cells10. T Cells11. B Cells12. Lymph Glands/Nodes13. Antibodies14. Memory Cells
What you will learn today . . .
• Specific immune responses target certain pathogens and involve white blood cells
• Humoral immunity is the activation of B cells to produce antibodies
• Cell-mediated immunity is the activation of T cells to produce more B cells or killer T cells
• Memory cells are the body’s way of quickly stopping a reinfection of pathogen
Organs of the Immune System
1. Bone marrow that produces B cells
2. Thymus gland that produces T cells
3. Lymph Nodes
4. Tonsils
5. Adenoids
6. Spleen to break down dead cells; often called “Cell Graveyard”
White Blood Cells
1. Also called lymphocytes or leukocytes
2. Typesa. T cells
b.B cells
3. Dendritic cells: a type of macrophage that recognizes and tags foreign cells as antigens; antigens are labeled differently than your own cells
Dendritic cells engulfing pathogen
Two types of Immunity
1. Cell-mediated
2. Humoral
3. Both immunities start with a dendritic cells engulfing the antigen, destroying the antigen, and then placing a piece of the antigen on its surface; this LABELS the macrophage with which antigen has attacked the body
Cell-Mediated Immune Response
1. Helper T cell recognizes the labeled dendritic cell and both release interleukin
2. Interleukin stimulates helper T cells, killer T cells, and suppressor T cells to rapidly divide within lymph nodes
3. T cells attack and kill all cells that have the antigen
Humoral Immune Response
1. Interleukin stimulates B cells to divide into plasma cells
2. Plasma cells produce ANTIBODIES
3. Antibodies inactivate the antigen or mark its destruction by macrophages
4. Memory cells remain in the body to prevent reinfection by the same antigen
Immunity
• People who are immune to a disease have either survived through the disease or have been given a vaccination
Allergies
1. Body sees harmless substances as antigens
2. Excessive release of histamines
3. Refer to “Body Story”
Autoimmune Disease
• Body attacks own cells as antigens
Hashimoto's thyroiditis Pernicious anemia Addison's disease Type I diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus
Dermatomyositis Sjogren syndrome
Lupus erythematosus Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Reactive arthritis Grave's disease
Celiac disease - sprue