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Ethernet Passive Optical
Network(EPON) : Building a Next-Generation Optical Access
NetworkO!"#E $ EG %&'nstructor $ r* Bin +ang
Presenter $ "a, er
Authors : Glen Kramer and Gerry Pesavento(AllOptic Inc.).
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Overview
Introduction What are Passive Optical Networks ? Deployment Scenario of Next-eneration !ccess
Networks "ypes of PON technolo#ies Di$erent types of PON topolo#ies What are %PONs ? &ow does an %PON work ? Issues related to %PONs
'ene(ts of usin# %PONs I%%% P)*+,+ah status "he market for %PONs onclusion
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ntroduction
nternet has spawned genuine de,and .or /road/and services0 leading tounprecedented growth in nternet Protocol
(P) data tra1c* 2his hu,ongous datatra1c is putting pressure on carriers toupgrade their networks*
An i,prove,ent over 34 k/5s is una/le to
provide enough /andwidth .or e,ergingservices such as the P telephon0 6ideoon e,and (6o)0 interactive ga,ing0 ortwo-wa video con.erencing*
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-new services kept increasing as
shown
A new technology is
require which
woul !e "!le toh"nle the
!"nwith hungry
ser#ices$
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+hat is a Passive Optical
Network (PON) 8 Passive Optical Network (PON) is a high
/andwidth Point-to-9ultipoint (P9P) optical;/er network /ased on the Asnchronous
2rans.er 9ode protocol (A29)0 Ethernet or 29* omponents used in Passive Optical
Network PONs generall consist o. an O
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Properties o. PONs PONs rel on light waves .or data trans.er* Onl passive optical co,ponents are used
such as optical ;/er , splices and splitters* PONs ,ini,i=es the ;/er deplo,ent in /oth
the local exchange o1ce and the local loop* PONs provides higher /andwidth due to
deeper ;/er penetration0 o>ering giga/it per
second solutions*
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"ange o. operation o.
PONs
&'(s "i) to !re"* the +irst ,ile once c"lle "s ."st ,ile
!"nwith !ottlenec* !y t"rgeting the sweet sot !etween 1s
"n 'C-3s th"t other "ccess networ* technologies o not"equ"tely "ress$ &'(s "re c""!le o eli#ering high
#olu)es o ustre") "n ownstre") !"nwith u to %22
,!s ownstre") "n 155 ,!s ustre")$
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eplo,ent scenario o. Next-
Generation Access Network A logical wa to deplo optical ;/er in the local
access network is using a point-to-point (PP)
topolog0 with dedicated ;/er which runs .ro,the local access network to each end-usersu/scri/er (?igure a)
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eplo,ent o. Next-Generation
Access Network contd** #econd ,ethod is to deplo a re,ote switch
(concentrator) close to neigh/orhood since it reducesthe ;/er deplo,ent as shown in (?igure /)* 2he ,aindownside o. this cur/ switch architecture is it re7uires
electrical power as well as the /ackup power at the cur/unit and currentl0 one o. the highest cost .or localexchange carriers is providing and ,aintaining electricalpower in the local loop*
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eplo,ent o. Next-Generation
Access Network contd** n the third we can see that a PON actuall ,ini,i=es the
a,ount o. optical transceivers0 central o1ce ter,inations0and the ;/er deplo,ent* As stated earlier a PON is a point-to-,ultipoint (P9P) optical network with no active
ele,ents in the signals path .ro, the source to destination*PONs /asicall use passive optical co,ponents0 such asoptical ;/er0 splices0 and splitters* 2his is show in the ?igurec.
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ecrease in the nu,/er o.?i/ers and 2ransceivers used
Point to point network - (u)!er o +i!er - 32
(u)!er o r"nscei#ers - %4
Cur!switched network - (u)!er o +i!ers - 1
(u)!er o r"nscei#ers - %%
Passive Optical "etwork - (u)!er o +i!er - 1
(u)!er o r"nscei#ers - 33
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2pes o. PON
technologies&'(
Asynchronous tr"nser )oe
&'(s A&'(s
Ethernet &'(s E&'(s
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Passive Optical Networks !PONs ata is trans,itted in ;xed
length 53-byte cells asspeci;ed / A29 protocol*
APONs don@t deliver data0video and voice over asingle plat.or,*
APONs o>er insu1cient/andwidth
APONs are expensive APONs do not provide
/roader service capa/ilities
%PONs ata is trans,itted in varia/le-
length packets o. up to 1,518
bytes according to EEE '*protocol .or Ethernet* EPONs deliver data0 video and
voice over a single plat.or, EPONs o>er higher /andwidth
EPON# are less expensive thanAPONs EPONs provide /roader service
capa/ilities
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o,ponents used in PON
topologiesAll tr"ns)ission in " &'( "re eror)e !etween "n
otic"l line ter)in"l '. "n otic"l networ* units
'(s$
What is Optical Line Terminal (OLT) ?
An '. resies in the loc"l ech"nge centr"l oice6
connecting the otic"l "ccess networ* to the )etro !"c*-!one$
What are Optical Network Units (ONUs) ?
he '( ro#ies the inter"ce !etween the custo)ers "t"6 #ieo6"n telehony networ*s "n the &'($ Its unction is to recei#e tr"ic
in " otic"l or)"t "n con#ert it into custo)ers esire or)"t
Ethernet6 I& )ultic"st6 16 etc$
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2pical PON architecture
#PO"s
APO"s
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i>erent tpes o. PON
topologies 2ree topolog
Bus topolog
"ing topolog
2ree with redundant trunk
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PON topologies
+igure 3
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+h do we re7uireEPONs8
+e re7uire EPON technolog since it hasthe .ollowing 7ualities:
it is inexpensive0 si,ple0 scala/le and
capa/le o. delivering /undled voice0
it provides data and video services to anend-user su/scri/er over a singlenetwork*
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+hat are EPONs8
Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) arean e,erging access network technolog thatprovides a low-cost ,ethod o. deploingoptical access lines /etween a carrier o1ce(O) and custo,er site*
+e can sa that0 Ethernet Passive Optical
Networks (EPONs) represents the convergenceo. low-cost Ethernet e7uip,ent and low-cost;/er in.rastructure0 to /e the /est candidate.or the Next-Generation access network*
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Cow does an EPON work 8
n a EPON the process o. trans,ittingdata downstrea, .ro, the Oerent .ro, trans,itting dataupstrea, ,ultiple ON!s to the Oerent techni7ues used to
acco,plish the downstrea, andupstrea, trans,ission in a EPON areshown in ?igure D and ?igure 3*
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ownstrea, tra1c inEPON
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ownstrea, 2ra1c ow in anEPON
onsider the downstrea, tra1c in EPON
n the ?igure D0 the data /roadcasted downstrea, .ro,
O
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ownstrea, ?ra,e ?or,atin an EPON
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!pstrea, tra1c in EPON
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!pstrea, 2ra1c ow in aEPON
?igure 3 shows the upstrea, tra1c is ,anaged utili=ing 29 technolog0 in which trans,ission ti,e slots arededicated to ON!s* 2he ti,e slots are snchroni=ed sothat upstrea, packets .ro, the ON!s do not inter.erewith each other one the data is couple onto the co,,on;/er* ?or exa,ple0 ON!-F trans,its packet F in the ;rstti,e slot0 ON!- trans,its packet in the second non-
overlapping ti,e slot0 and ON!- trans,its packet ina third non-overlapping ti,e slot*
onsider the downstrea, tra1c in EPON
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!pstrea, ?ra,e ?or,at in anEPON
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2ransceiver ssues
2here are nu,/er o. issues which havesur.aced / the use o. transceivers (A
transceiver is a device which is capa/leo. trans,itting and receiving signals)
ue to the une7ual distances /etweenthe central o1ce and ON!s0 optical signal
attenuation in the PON is not sa,e .oreach ON! i*e* the power level received atthe Oerent .or each ON!(this is also called as near-.ar pro/le,)
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2ransceiver ssues ontd*
As shown in the ?igure /elow0 one ON!s signal strength is lowerat the O
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solve the attenuation
pro/le,
2here are couple o. approaches which are suggested in thispaper /ut the have not /een i,ple,ented since the havetheir own draw/acks
One o. the approaches suggested is:
2o allow ON!s to adHust their trans,itter power such thatpower levels received / the O
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#ecurit
Encrption ,echanis, is necessar
since a ,alicious ON! i. placed inpro,iscuous ,ode would /e a/le toread all the downstrea, packets*
Is Encrytion )ech"nis) necess"ry in
&"ssi#e 'tic"l (etwor* 8
n w c aer o e
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n w c aer o e,odel the encrption ,ust
/e placed8
. the encrption is placed in the 9A laer then it willencrpt the 9A .ra,e paload onl0 and leave theheaders in plain text* 2his ,ethod prevents ,aliciousON!s .ro, reading the paload0 /ut the ,a still
learn other ON!s 9A address* ,ple,enting the encrption sche,e on the phsical
laer would encode the entire /it strea,0 including the.ra,e headers and "* n this sche,e no in.or,ationis learned / a ,alicious ON!* But the di1cult is thephsical laer is a connectionless laer* "e7uiring thePhsical laer in a Oerent kes .ordi>erent ON!s will ,ake it connection-aware*
#o encrption in EPON still re,ains an open 7uestion*
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Bene;ts o. Ethernet PONs
Cigher /andwidth: up to F*3 G/ps s,,etricEthernet /andwidth
erings ,eans higher revenues
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Cigher /andwidth
9ore su/scri/ers per PON
9ore /andwidth per su/scri/er
Cigher split counts 6ideo capa/ilities
Better Io#
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9ore "evenue
EPONs support .or legac 290 A29 and #ONE2
services* eliver o. new Giga/it Ethernet0 .ast Ethernet0
P ,ulticast and dedicated wavelength services* Provisioning o. /andwidth in scala/le 4D J/ps
incre,ents up to F G/ps*
2ailoring o. services to custo,er needs withguaranteed #
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EEE P'*ah status
2he standards work .or Ethernet in the localsu/scri/er access network is /eing done in theEEE P'*ah Ethernet in the ?irst 9ile (E?9) 2ask
?orce*n order to evolve Ethernet .or local su/scri/ernetworks0 P'*ah is .ocused on .our pri,arstandards de;nitions:
Ethernet over copper
Ethernet over PP ;/er Ethernet over P9P ;/er Operation0 ad,inistration0 and ,aintenance (OA9)
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IEEE 02$3"h h"s !een "ro#e$ ,"teri"ls concerning the
&02$3"h st"n"rs eort "n the resent"tion )"teri"lsc"n !e oun "t:
;http:$$www.ieee%&'.or$$e*m$inde+.html
;http:$$www.ieee%&'.or$$e*m$pulic$inde+.html
http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/index.htmlhttp://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/public/index.htmlhttp://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/public/index.htmlhttp://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/index.html
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2he 9arket .or EPONs
Analsts expect the optical access,arket to grow rapidl*
B (anadian ,perial Bank o.o,,erce) .orecasts the ,arket .orPON access sste, to reach KF /illion/ ''D .ro, K ,illion in '''*
PP optical Ethernet o>er the /estpossi/ilit o. a turnaround in theteleco, sector*
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onclusion
2he .uture o. /road/and access networkis likel to /e a co,/ination o. point-to-point and point-to-,ultipoint Ethernet0opti,i=ed .or transporting P data0 aswell as ti,e critical voice and video*
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"e.erences
2opics in