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GTU 5thSem. (2014)
Parshwa Engineering Classes
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Definition :
Estimating is the technique of calculating orcomputing the various quantities and theexpected Expenditure to be incurred on aparticular work or project.
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In case the funds available are less than theestimated cost the work is done in part or by
reducing it or specificationsare altered, thefollowing requirements are necessary forpreparing an estimate.
Drawings like plan, elevation and sections ofimportant points.
Detailed specifications about workmanship &properties of materials etc.
Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
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Estimate give an idea of the cost of the workand hence its feasibility can be determinedi.e. whether the project could be taken upwith in the funds available or not.
Estimate gives an idea of time required forthe completion of the work.
Estimate is required to invite the tenders and
Quotations and to arrange contract. Estimate is also required to control the
expenditure during the execution of work.
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Drawings i.e. Plans, Elevations, Sections etc. Specifications.
Rates.
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Approximate estimate or preliminary estimate Detailed estimate
Quantity estimate
Revised estimate Supplementary estimate
Supplementary and Revised estimate
Annual Repair or Maintenance estimate
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To find out an approx. cost in a short time. Prepared from practical knowledge and cost
of the similar works.
Prepared by different ways for differentstructures and works. Roads and Highways :
Per kilometer basis depending on the nature of road,width and thickness of metalling.
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For Buildings :
Service unit method
Plinth area method
Floor area method
Carpet area method
Cubical content method
Typical bay method
Approx. quantities method
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Details of measurement and calculation ofquantities :
Abstract of estimated cost :
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Technical sanction from the competentauthority.
Total cost of the project.
Items required to complete the project. Prepare tender document to award the job.
Check and fill the tender.
Bills of contractor for payment.
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Ability to read and interpret drawingsaccurately.
Construction experience
Knowledge of const. rules and regulations.
Knowledge of procedure of construction.Labour problems, materials, specifications.
Knowledge of measurement.
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Prepare an estimate. Prepare specifications.
Survey of buildings and land.
Rate analysis. Finalize the final accounts.
Supervision of site.
Work as arbitrator, valuation knowledge,
prepare schedule of work.
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Overhead charges Contingencies
Water charges
Provisional sum Prime cost
Provisional Quantities
Spot items
Day work
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odes of easurement
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Each item shall be fully described Order shall be in L,B,D.
All dimension which taken should beaccurate.
Same type of work under different conditionsand nature shall be measured separately.
Work under following categories shall be
measured separately, From Foundation to P.L.
From P.L. to F.F.L.
Bill of Quantities shall fully describe all stuffs.