Smart Grid Boot Camp
Erich W. Gunther Chairman and CTO
EnerNex Corporation
Agenda• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) • 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model • 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid • 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications • Noon – Enterprise Integration • 12:20 – Q&A • 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch
Characteristics of the Modern Grid
• Enable active participation by consumers • Accommodate all generation and storage options • Enable new products, services, and markets • Provide power quality for the needs of a digital economy • Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency • Anticipate and respond in a self-healing manner • Operate resiliently in disasters, physical or cyber attacks
Goals of this Workshop
• Introducenon‐powerengineerstopowersystemsinfrastructure
• Introduc5ontoenergyinfrastructurecommunica5onsandintegra5on
• Provideanoverviewofthekeytechnologiesthatcomposeatypicalsmartgrid
• IntroducekeystandardsthatwillunderpinthesmartgridintheUS
• Introducethekeysmartgridorganiza5onsandprovideapointertoinvolvement
IEEE Smart Grid Video
Agenda• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) • 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model • 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid • 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications • Noon – Enterprise Integration • 12:20 – Q&A • 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch
NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model
Generation:PrimaryUSEnergySources
– 51%Coal– 21%Nuclear– 17%NaturalGas– 9%Renewables– 2%Petroleum
Source: Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pecss_diagram.html
TransmissionElectricityHighways
Source: Copyright © 1999 Aaron F. Snyder-Used with permission
Mont 63
Nort 74
Cana 28
Cmai 33
John 72
Teva 111
Eldo 131
Hayd 9
Lite 133
Dall 68
Coro 2
Fcng 7
WECC Reduced Model “Grid” Structure
Source: http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/AboutNERC/maps/NERC_Interconnections_color.jpg
Distribution:ElectricityRoads
“Radial” Structure with presumed source and sink Simplifies protection design, conductor layout
Source: Gerry T. Heydt, ASU, used with permission
Source
Sink(s)
Source (open)
Distribution:SubstationAnatomy
14
The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
IntelligentlyConnectingtheUtilitytoCustomers
• EnableEnergySmartCustomers– Integratedinformationfromutility– Paymentoptions(e.g.,pre-payment)– Outage&serviceconditioninformation– Supportrateoptioninnovations
• ManageDistributedResources– Economicdispatchofloadresources– Dispatchofloadforgridmanagement– Intelligentnetmetering– Managementofdistributedenergyresources
• OperationalEfficiencies– Fieldcommunicationlinkstodistribution– Revenuecycleimprovements– Situationaldatainnearreal-time– Wholesale-retailmarketsintegration
• Builtwiththefutureinmind– UpgradeableWAN/HANcommunications– Leverageopenarchitectureprinciplesinsystemdesign
– Futurecustomerserviceofferings Source: Southern California Edison
ExampleofaSophisticatedSingleResidenceBuilding-integratedPowerSystem(BIPS)
Non-Usable Thermal Exhaust
Combination Air-conditioning Unit, Heat Pump, Hot water heat
Recovery System
Water Heater/Storage
G 5 kW Generator
AC Bus DC Bus
Primary House Cooling
Hot Potable Water
Space Heating and Hot Water assist
Fuel (propane) 5 kW PV
Array
Ultra-capacitor Storage bank
Heat recovery
Recovered Heat
Heat Pump Based Clothes
Dryer
Additional House Cooling
High Efficiency Lighting
DC Loads
Master System
Controller
Fuel
DC Voltage Regulator and
Charging control
IC Engine
DC to AC Inverter
Heat To Water Heater
Fuel
Heat Ducts
Backup Burner
Space Heat
Backup Burner
Source: Galvin Initiative
Source: NIST
NorthAmericanMarkets
Source: FERC http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/rto/rto-map.asp
RegionsandBalancingAuthorities
20 Source: NERC, used with permission http://www.nerc.com/fileUploads/File/AboutNERC/maps/NERC_Regions_BA.jpg
ExampleofPrimaryNetworkMicro-GridSuitableforVeryHighReliabilityApplications
22
Heat
115 kV Bulk Supply
Substation
Gen
ICE Engine
static switch controller with
Islanding control
Customer Owned PV 250
kW
Utility Operated PV
750 kW
13.2 kV Underground
Heat Heat
Small Factory (1.25 MW)
Office Building (2 MW)
1200 kW Fuel Cell
Stack
Inverter Hospital (1 MW)
2500 kW
Gen
ICE Engin
e
4000 kW Utility Owned
Plant
District Heat Zone
Heat Flow
25 kW Wind
Small Business
Loads Under 50 kW Each
Small Factory (1 MW)
HSPD HSPD
HSPD
HSPD
HSPD HSPD
HSPD
HSPD = High Speed Protection and switching Device
Storage Based Stabilization
Device
To Bulk Supply Control Center
Communication and Control Link
Primary Point of separation during micro-grid mode
HSPD
HSPD
Central or Distributed Control for Micro-grids
(coordinates generation, power quality, HSPD, loads and thermal
energy)
HSPD
13.2 kV
Source: Galvin Initiative
ExampleofResidentialMicro-Grids
24
An efficient and reliable micro-grid doesn’t need to be large or
overly complex.
This could be several homes or several hundred homes – the generation & storage would
simply be scaled to accommodate the load.
Source: Galvin Initiative
Agenda• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) • 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model • 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid • 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications • Noon – Enterprise Integration • 12:20 – Q&A • 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch
Smart Devices for the Smart Grid
Erich W. Gunther [email protected]
27
Dynamic Line Rating Methods
1. Tension Monitoring 2. Weather Monitoring 3. Sag Monitoring 4. Line Temperature Monitoring 5. Thermal Rate Monitoring 6. New Technologies 7. Integrated Model
New Technologies
EPRI Vision of advanced transmission line monitoring and sensors
Substation The substation is the transmission to distribution “interface”
30
Transformer Condition Assessment: Advanced Sensors
On-Line LTC Gas-in-oil and contact wear
24/7 InfraRed monitoring
3D Acoustic Emission defect location
On-Line Frequency Response Analysis
Solid-state Gas-in-oil sensors
Fiber-optic partial discharge
detection
UHF Partial Discharge (Future Research)
Benefits – Reduced cost – Online – Less data
intensive – More accurate – Improved
prediction
Wireless Mesh sensors
Disconnect Temperature/Current Sensor Installation
RFID-type sensors (backscatter sensors)
Data collection from backscatter sensors
Interrogator Antennas
Advanced Event Signature Analysis
Waveform 1
Waveform 2
On Line Infrared systems
Field Data Access Architecture
1. Enterprise Information Bus
2. Generic Interface Definition (GID)
3. IEC 61850 to CIM Translator
4. Operational applications
5. Real-Time Operations Bus
6. Utility Identity Management
7. Proxy & WAN Gateway 8. WAN 9. Cyber security 10. Substation Gateway 11. Substation LAN 12. Substation IEDs 13. Feeder IEDs 14. Consumer devices 15. Mobile work force
Challenges • Tower of Babel
– Hundreds of communications methods – mostly proprietary, mostly insecure, mostly not scalable
– Even when standards based, there are multiple standards and few well defined information models
• Difficult to make the business case to integrate and interoperate – A historical problem for substation automation – Becoming easier for asset management – preventing a
single large transformer failure can save millions
Motivation to Get it Right
Hot Topic Utility Applications • General Conservation
• Minimize customer energy & carbon footprint
• Demand Management • Grid Cost Reduction • Grid Reliability & Stability Increase • Demand Generation Avoidance • Demand Consumption
• Build an Energy Information Economy • Create a Home Energy Services Market • AMI Tunneling and Submetering
Hot Topic Customer Applications • Appliances that ‘Do the Right Thing’ • Electric Usage Awareness & Understanding • Consumption Behavior Modification • Utility Program Participation • Home Automation for Comfort and Conservation • Integrating Solar & Wind at the Home • Integrating PEVs & PHEVs • Distributed Storage • Many Others…
Smarter Devices • Water Management
– Mange hot water production more intelligently – Pool pump controls
• HVAC – Smarter thermostats: comfort, efficiency and grid-aware
• Storage – When appliances can’t or won’t shed, grid reliability can still
be achieved. PEVs, big batteries, other. • Lighting
– Tightly manage lights fixtures and natural light/heat sources • Energy Management Home Automation Systems
– Portals, Displays, and Set Top Boxes • Smart Appliances
– Coordinated, time, event, and price aware
Consumption Understanding
• Utilities Sell Electricity in many ways but have little concept of how individual customers use it
• Customers Use Products & Services… but have little concept of electricity use or value
• Products & Services use electricity… but have little concept of how and when to conserve
• Energy Services bridge the gaps by giving the customer the ability to meet demand requirements and personal goals regardless
Architecting Energy Services • Access
• Connect energy services to energy consumers • Understanding
• Help consumers understand usage • Help consumers understand behavior
• Remediation • Help a customer know what to do next • Enable the next step • Automate the next step?
Energy Service Experience
• Screw up the energy service experience, and:
HAN devices end up in a drawer OR service phone calls are made AND
Investment is Lost!
Agenda• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) • 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model • 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid • 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications • Noon – Enterprise Integration • 12:20 – Q&A • 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch
ErichW.Gunther–[email protected]
AFocusonRequirementsandSystemsEngineering
NISTSGConceptualModel
SmartGridCommunicationsEcosystem
LotsofChoices IEEE802.xx
IEEE802.11–WiFi IEEE802.15.1‐>Bluetooth IEEE802.15.4‐>ZigBee IEEE802.16‐>WiMax IEEE802.yy–Otherwireless IEEE802.11i–wirelesssecurity
GPRSmobiledatanetworks ISASP100WirelessSpecifications MultipleAddressRadioSystems(MAS) Proprietaryunlicensedbandradiosystems IEEEP1777–RecommendedPracticesforWireless
Systems
Toomuchfocusonthetech
Meshversusp‐p,p‐mp Licensedversusunlicensed 802.15versus802.16 IPv4versusIPv6 Publicversusprivate
Focusontheapplications
Meterreading Demandresponse Distributionautomation
feederdevicestatuspolling Peer‐to‐peerprotectionschemes
Substationautomation Controlhousetoinyardassetsensors Substationtodistributionfeederlinks Video/thermalimaging
Widelydifferingrequirements
Bandwidth Latency Reliability–redundancy,SPOF Manageability Security+privacy Environmentalhardening Cost Technologylongevity
Onesizemaynotfitall
Nofundamentalreasonthatonenetworktechnologyhastobeusedtoformthefieldareanetworkarchitecture
Theapplicationrequirementsincludinglifetimemanagementshoulddictate
Example:usingacombinationofWiMax,802.15g,andlicensedMASradiomaybeanacceptablesolutionforacomprehensiveapplicationdeployment
Conclusions
Focusonapplicationsandtheirrequirements Onevendor/technologymaynotbesufficient Technologywillchange–planonit Ensurecomponentsinteroperate EnsureyoucanmanagetheFAN EngineertheSYSTEMnottheTECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB4‐mBQPd7k
Agenda• 10:30 – Welcome and Introduction (video 1) • 10:45 – Power System Overview - Smart Grid Conceptual Model • 11:15 – Smart Devices for the Smart Grid • 11:45 – Field Area Network Communications • Noon – Enterprise Integration • 12:20 – Q&A • 12:30 – Adjourn / Lunch
SmartGridWorkshopSystemsIntegration
Today:BuildingIsolatedSystems
• Utilitiescurrentlytendtodevelopintelligentsystemsinisolation• Forexample,AMRandparticipationinenergymarkets• Neitherprojectistypicallydevelopedwiththeotherinmind.
AMR
Energy Markets
One-OffIntegration
• Integrationistypicallydoneafterthefact• Costissignificant
AMR
Energy Markets
DoingittheNextTime• Nowwanttolinkinnewsystems• Mustfirstmaketheoldsystemexpandable• Thenmustdoanother“one-off”integration
AMR
Energy Markets
SCADA
Outage Management
Andagain…
AMR
Energy Markets
SCADA
Outage Management
Protection
Real-Time Contingency
Andthenyouremember…
AMR
Energy Markets
SCADA
Outage Management
Protection
Real-Time Contingency Security
AMR
ABetterWay:Top-DownDesign• Definestandardizedinterfacesfirst• Incorporatesecurity,networkmanagementandotherstrategiesrightfromthebeginning
• Initialcostsareabitmorethanone-offintegration,butnotmuchmore
• Newapplicationscanbuilddirectlytothenewarchitecture
Data Management Network Management
Security
Energy Markets
AMR
ABetterWay:TheNextPhase• Canre-usethedevelopmentfromthefirstphase• Expansionwasexpected• Adaptationtolegacysystemswasplannedinadvance• Overallcostsmuchlower
SCADA
Data Management Network Management
Security
Energy Markets
Outage Management
Outage Management
SCADA
AMR
ABetterWay:Andsoon…• BenefitsINCREASEwithtime• Oppositeoftheoldway
Protection SCADA
Data Management Network Management
Security
Energy Markets
Outage Management
Real-Time Contingency
Outage Management
SCADA Protection
68Source: NIST
NISTConceptualModel
SmartGridDataExplosionNew devices in the home
enabled by the smart meter
You are here.
AMI Deployment
PCTs Come On-line
Distribution Management Rollout
Mobile Data Goes Live
RTU Upgrade
GIS System Deployment
OMS Upgrade
Advanced Distribution Automation
Substation Automation System
Workforce Management Project
Time
An
nu
al R
ate
of
Data
In
take
200 TB
400 TB
600 TB
800 TB
Intelligent Industry
TheMethodology
6
TheCIM-CommonSystemsLanguageforUtilities
One Dictionary Supports Many Forms of Communication
• Thesamedictionaryisusedformultipleformsofhumancommunication:– Letters– Phonecalls– Conversations– Emails– Etc.
• Insimilarmanner,thesameCIMisusedformultipleformsofcomputercommunication:– XML– RDF– OWL– DDL– Etc.
72
AMIEnterpriseIntegration
Will it ever work together? • How does one validate a real world end to end
integration? • How does one validate integration with many vendors? • How does one validate usability and simplicity overall? • How does one validate real world security? • There are 3100+ utilities • There are many regulatory, ISO and RTO models • There is retail, wholesale, regulated and deregulated
models • There are Commercial, Industrial, and Residential
models • The need for standards and interoperability
The Smart Grid Labs (north campus)
• Scalability test equipment (meter to backend and multivendor) • SCADA FEP, networks, cap banks, reclosers, switches, sensors • 7 AMI network vendors, 4 Meter vendors • Multiple Appliance vendors (refrigerators, stoves, TVs, Washers,
Dryers, Hot Water heaters), many In Home Displays, Gateways, Thermostats, etc.
• Many backhaul vendors (public, private) • Many local premises network types (wired, wireless) • Many backend systems (SAP, OMS, reporting, billing, etc.)
– Messages to devices – Meter disconnects – On Demand Reads
Conclusion• Manyoftheintegrationstandardsweneedarealreadythere(e.g.theCIM)
• Therearedifferentneedsindifferentenvironments– Definenewapplicationsandprocedures– Agreeoncommoninformationmodels– Createdefinenewprotocols– Developnewtechnologies– Applysystemsengineeringdiscipline
• Eachofthesetaskscomeswithacost• Standardsprovidethemostbenefitwhenimplementedfrequentlyandpervasively
• Needacost-benefitanalysis• Whicharetheeasiesttojustify(LHF)?• NISTroadmapleadingtheway
Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 78
Wrap-up
Where to Learn More • UCA International Users’ Group
– http://www.ucaiug.org
• International Electrotechnical Commission – http://www.iec.ch
• Electric Power Research Institute – http://www.epri.com
• IntelliGrid Consortium and Architecture – http://intelligrid.epri.com
• IEEE Smart Grid – http://smartgrid.ieee.org
Copyright © 2010 EnerNex Corporation 79
Wrap-up
Contact Information • Erich W. Gunther
EnerNex Corporation
620 Mabry Hood Road, Suite 300 Knoxville, TN 37932 Phone +1-865-218-4600, ext. 6114 [email protected] http://www.enernex.com/staff/staff_erich.htm