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College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
Engineering Department – Electrical Engineering
CEET313k: Environmental Engineering
Assignment no !:
Date"
Decem#er $, %&!$
Francis Felix T. Encarnacion
EEE'!
Engr. Maryjoie A. Armero - Lituaas
(rofessor
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1. Defne Sustainable Development by Brundtland Commission.
• The term sustainable development was coined in the
paper Our Common Future, released by the Brundtland
Commission. Sustainable development is the ind o!
development that meets the needs o! the present without
compromisin" the ability o! !uture "enerations to meet
their own needs. The two ey concepts o! sustainable
development are namely, the concept o! #needs# in
particular the essential needs o! the world$s poorest
people, to which they should be "iven overridin" priority%
and the idea o! limitations which is imposed by the state
o! technolo"y and social or"ani&ation on the
environment$s ability to meet both present and !uture
needs.
'. Bio"eochemical Cycles
•
(ater Cycle ) The water cycle describes the continuous
movement o! water on, above and below the sur!ace o!
the *arth. The mass o! water on *arth remains !airly
constant over time but the partitionin" o! the water into
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the ma+or reservoirs o! ice, !resh water, saline water and
atmospheric water is variable dependin" on a wide ran"e
o! climatic variables. The water moves !rom one reservoir
to another by the physical processes o! evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, infltration, runo, and
subsur!ace -ow. n so doin", the water "oes throu"h
dierent phases/ li0uid, solid ice2, and "as vapor2.
• Carbon Dio3ide to O3y"en Cycle ) 4lants and other
producers use carbon dio3ide in photosynthesis. They
produce o3y"en as a waste product. Carbon dio3ide
moves !rom the air into the leaves o! plants. O3y"en
moves !rom the plant into the air throu"h the leaves.
5lmost all livin" thin"s, includin" plants, "et ener"y !rom
cellular respiration. This process releases ener"y !rom the
su"ar molecules in !ood. O3y"en is used in cellular
respiration. Carbon dio3ide is produced as a waste
product.
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• 6itro"en Cycle ) the process by which nitro"en is
converted between its various chemical !orms. This
trans!ormation can be carried out throu"h both biolo"ical
and physical processes. mportant processes in the
nitro"en cycle include f3ation, ammonifcation,
nitrifcation, and denitrifcation. 7uman activities such as
!ossil !uel combustion, use o! artifcial nitro"e !ertili&ers,
and release o! nitro"en in wastewater have dramatically
altered the "lobal nitro"en cycle.
• 4hosphorus Cycle ) the bio"eochemical cycle that
describes the movement o! phosphorus throu"h the
lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. 8nlie many
other bio"eochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not
play a si"nifcant role in the movement o! phosphorus,
because phosphorus and phosphorus)based compounds
are usually solids at the typical ran"es o! temperature and
pressure !ound on *arth. The production o! phosphine "as
occurs only in speciali&ed, local conditions.
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• Sul!ur Cycle ) the collection o! processes by which sul!ur
moves to and !rom minerals includin" the waterways2
and livin" systems. Such bio"eochemical cycles are
important in "eolo"y because they aect many minerals.
Bio"eochemical cycles are also important !or li!e because
sul!ur is an essential element, bein" a constituent o! many
proteins and co!actors. The steps o! the sul!ur cycle are/
a. 9inerali&ation o! or"anic sul!ur into inor"anic
!orms, such as hydro"en sulfde, elemental sul!ur, as
well as sulfde minerals.
b. O3idation o! hydro"en sulfde, sulfde, and
elemental sul!ur to sul!ate.
c. :eduction o! sul!ate to sulfde.
d. ncorporation o! sulfde into or"anic compounds.
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The Carbon Dio3ide)O3y"en Cycle
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The 6itro"en Cycle
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