Beliefs of The EnlightenmentBeliefs of The Enlightenment
Using Reason Solves ALL ProblemsUsing Reason Solves ALL Problems
Focus on Changing/Improving Gov’tFocus on Changing/Improving Gov’t– Anti-Religion, Humanist Anti-Religion, Humanist
Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes
Book: Book: LeviathanLeviathan
Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide OrderOrder
People are Naturally Cruel & SelfishPeople are Naturally Cruel & Selfish
John LockeJohn Locke
Book: Book: Two Treaties of GovernmentTwo Treaties of Government
All People Have NATURAL RIGHTSAll People Have NATURAL RIGHTS– LifeLife– LibertyLiberty– PropertyProperty– OVERTHROW Bad GovernmentOVERTHROW Bad Government
MontesquieuMontesquieu
Book: Book: The Spirit of LawsThe Spirit of Laws
Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, & Legislative& Legislative– Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances
Adam SmithAdam Smith
Book: Book: The Wealth of NationsThe Wealth of Nations
Wants LAISSEZ FAIRE EconomyWants LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy– Gov’t Leaves Economy ALONEGov’t Leaves Economy ALONE
OthersOthers
RoussauRoussau– People Are Corrupted by SOCIETYPeople Are Corrupted by SOCIETY– Book: Book: Social ContractSocial Contract
WollstoncraftWollstoncraft– Woman’s EqualityWoman’s Equality
DiderotDiderot– End of Slavery/Education for AllEnd of Slavery/Education for All
Other Aspects of the EnlightenmentOther Aspects of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Democratically Elected Gov’tDemocratically Elected Gov’t
Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors and Imprisoned Themand Imprisoned Them
Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change Were “Enlightened Monarchs”Were “Enlightened Monarchs”– Frederick & Catherine the GreatFrederick & Catherine the Great
The King’s AdvisorsThe King’s Advisors
Great Britain Became a Great Britain Became a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHYCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY– Kingdom w/ RulesKingdom w/ Rules
King Had to Listen to a Group of King Had to Listen to a Group of Advisors Called The CABINET Led by Advisors Called The CABINET Led by a PRIME MINISTERa PRIME MINISTER
Anger in AmericaAnger in America
Former English in America Felt Their Former English in America Felt Their Rights Were Protected By MAGNA Rights Were Protected By MAGNA CARTACARTA
British Sent Troops to America; British Sent Troops to America; Violence Led to BOSTON MASSACREViolence Led to BOSTON MASSACRE
American’s Protested Over Taxes American’s Protested Over Taxes (BOSTON TEA PARTY)(BOSTON TEA PARTY)
American ActionAmerican Action
Formed CONTINENTAL CONGRESSFormed CONTINENTAL CONGRESS– First Independent American GovernmentFirst Independent American Government
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEDECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE– Written by Thomas Jefferson Against Written by Thomas Jefferson Against
British Control of AmericaBritish Control of America– ““Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”
American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary War
Fought British in America Because Fought British in America Because Americans Were Taxed w/o Being Americans Were Taxed w/o Being RepresentedRepresented
BATTLE OF YORKTOWN (1781)BATTLE OF YORKTOWN (1781)– Ended War w/ American VictoryEnded War w/ American Victory
American IndependenceAmerican Independence
Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)– U.S. Becomes Independent NationU.S. Becomes Independent Nation– Ally w/ France Helped U.S. WinAlly w/ France Helped U.S. Win
Poster AssignmentPoster Assignment
Make a Poster Advertising Either For Make a Poster Advertising Either For or Against American Independence or Against American Independence from Britainfrom Britain
Include Reason Why You Chose SideInclude Reason Why You Chose Side
Have a Clear Picture Representing Have a Clear Picture Representing OpinionOpinion
The Three EstatesThe Three Estates
French Society was Divided Into THREE French Society was Divided Into THREE ESTATES Under the King:ESTATES Under the King:
– First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc)First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc)– Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners)Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners)– Third: Everyone ElseThird: Everyone Else
Estates General was France’s Parliament Estates General was France’s Parliament or Congressor Congress– Against King’s PowerAgainst King’s Power
Problems in FranceProblems in France
The Government Was BrokeThe Government Was Broke– Spent to Much on Wars & LuxuriesSpent to Much on Wars & Luxuries
King Louis Called the Estates General King Louis Called the Estates General Into Session (Make Decisions)Into Session (Make Decisions)– First Time in 175 YearsFirst Time in 175 Years– Needed Them to Raise TaxesNeeded Them to Raise Taxes
French ConstitutionFrench Constitution
Once In Session, Estates General Once In Session, Estates General Writes NEW Constitution (1789)Writes NEW Constitution (1789)– For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”
Similar to American Constitution in Similar to American Constitution in Same YearSame Year
Rebellion BeginsRebellion Begins
King Louis XIV Begins Oppressing & King Louis XIV Begins Oppressing & Attacking the Estates GeneralAttacking the Estates General– Anger at New ConstitutionAnger at New Constitution
French Citizens in Paris ATTACK the French Citizens in Paris ATTACK the King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for WeaponsWeapons– Begins French RevolutionBegins French Revolution
Revolution’s ResultsRevolution’s Results
France Formed a National AssemblyFrance Formed a National Assembly– Took Property from Catholic Church to Took Property from Catholic Church to
Pay Off DebtsPay Off Debts
King Louis XIV & Wife Marie King Louis XIV & Wife Marie Antoinette Tried to Escape to Antoinette Tried to Escape to GermanyGermany– Were Caught, Arrested, EXECUTEDWere Caught, Arrested, EXECUTED
Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
Max Robespierre NEW Head of Max Robespierre NEW Head of French Gov’tFrench Gov’t
Treated Enemies of Revolution as Treated Enemies of Revolution as TraitorsTraitors
Use of GuillotineUse of Guillotine– Executed People like King Louis XIVExecuted People like King Louis XIV– Killed Over 40,000 in Paris AloneKilled Over 40,000 in Paris Alone
Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte
General in the French ArmyGeneral in the French Army
Took Control of France (1789)Took Control of France (1789)– Made It a World PowerMade It a World Power
SHORT, Charismatic, In Love (w/ SHORT, Charismatic, In Love (w/ Josephine)Josephine)
Supported By EveryoneSupported By Everyone
French CatholicsFrench Catholics– Gave Them Religious FreedomGave Them Religious Freedom
PeasantsPeasants– Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen
from Nobles and Churchfrom Nobles and Church
Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars
Tried to Conquer the World; Europe 1stTried to Conquer the World; Europe 1st
VictoriesVictories– ItalyItaly– GermanyGermany
DefeatsDefeats– Trafalgar (to England)Trafalgar (to England)– Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived)Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived)– Waterloo (LAST Defeat)Waterloo (LAST Defeat)
Napoleon’s LegacyNapoleon’s Legacy Napoleon Abdicates Napoleon Abdicates
After Losing, Exiled to After Losing, Exiled to the Island Elbathe Island Elba
Returns, but is Exiled Returns, but is Exiled Again to Island in Again to Island in South Atlantic, DiesSouth Atlantic, Dies
Sold Louisiana to the Sold Louisiana to the United States to Pay United States to Pay for Warsfor Wars– Doubled the Size of the Doubled the Size of the
U.S.U.S.
Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna
Leaders in Europe Met to Discuss Leaders in Europe Met to Discuss Europe’s FutureEurope’s Future
Balanced Power Amongst the Balanced Power Amongst the European Countries; Equal PowerEuropean Countries; Equal Power
Replaced Governments in Other Replaced Governments in Other Countries Back to MONARCHIESCountries Back to MONARCHIES
Causes of Other French Causes of Other French RevolutionsRevolutions
Revolution of 1830Revolution of 1830– Charles X Tried to Make Himself an Charles X Tried to Make Himself an
ABSOLUTE MONARCHABSOLUTE MONARCH
Revolution of 1848Revolution of 1848– Louis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’tLouis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’t– RecessionRecession– Rise in Bread PricesRise in Bread Prices
HaitiHaiti
First Latin American Country to RebelFirst Latin American Country to Rebel– Inspired by French & AmericanInspired by French & American– Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like
NapoleonNapoleon
Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against MastersMasters
Made First Independent Black Nation in the Made First Independent Black Nation in the AmericasAmericas
Rebellion Against SpanishRebellion Against Spanish
MexicoMexico– Led by Agustin de IturbideLed by Agustin de Iturbide– Became Emperor BrieflyBecame Emperor Briefly
PeruPeru– Led by Tupac Amaru IILed by Tupac Amaru II
RevolutionariesRevolutionaries
Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar– Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia, Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, & BoliviaEcuador, Peru, & Bolivia
Jose de San MartinJose de San Martin– Independence of: Argentina & ChileIndependence of: Argentina & Chile