Learning & Teaching
Vocabulary
m n R A J U
“Words are one of our chief means of adjusting to all the situations of life.” - Bergen Evans
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Choose Four
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Name Game
Think of an adjective beginning with the Think of an adjective beginning with the first letter of your name to describe first letter of your name to describe yourself.yourself.
Introduce yourself to others using that Introduce yourself to others using that adjective. adjective.
(e.g., I am (e.g., I am RRaju. I am aju. I am RRational.)ational.) Remember the adjectives others use to Remember the adjectives others use to
describe themselves.describe themselves. Introduce two or three colleagues to class.Introduce two or three colleagues to class.
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What Do You Expect to Learn?
Disposition Schema
Limit
Aspiration
Mark
DesireIntent
Aim
Object
PlanPlan
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You will learn . . .
What is a word? Why learn more words? How many words does one need? Which words to learn? What does ‘knowing a word’ mean? Vocabulary learning strategies Vocabulary Games/Activities/Tips Technical words
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What is a WORD?
“A unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning.”
one or more morphemes/phonemessmallest unit for independent useseparated by spaces in writing
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Why learn more words?
to meet our needs to communicate effectively to build thoughts to understand ideas to contribute to human knowledge
“The more words you know, the more clearly and powerfully you will think and the more ideas you will invite into your mind.”
- Wilfred Funk
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How many words to learn?
Lexemic frequency dictionaries o 80% of occurrences by only 20% of words
1,000 words for a basic conversation 2,000 words to survive through the day 8,000 words to converse with a European 15,000 word families for university studies
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Which Words to Learn?
New KnownImportant Not-so-importantProductivecan recall & usein speech & writing
Receptivecan only comprehend while reading & listening
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NIP Words
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Knowing a Word means. . .
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Spelling
Spell these words right?
anamolous, asbestas, boyancy, celcius, dessicant, equalibrium, farenheat, ossilation, sextent, saizmic, viscoscity, mathmatics, umblical card, sacreligious
anomalous, asbestos, buoyancy, Celsius, desiccant, equilibrium, Fahrenheit, oscillation, sextant, seismic, viscosity, mathematics, umbilical cord, sacrilegious
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Is Spelling Important?
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Is Spelling Important?Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs!
cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteers be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm.
Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
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Is Spelling Important?
The amount of grammer and usege arrow’s today is shaking. Not to menshun speling. If I was a teecher, I’d feel badly that less and less students seam to undestand the baysic principals of good righting. Niether the oldest high school students nor the youngest kindergartner know prepare usege. A stewdent offen thinks they can depend on word procesing programs to corect they’re errors. Know way! We should tale are childrun to study hard like we did at they’re edge and to watch less TV then there glassmates.
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Tips to Learn Spelling
1.Make the effort2.Look closely/photo memory 3.Memorize4.Write/type the words5.List your difficult words6.Use mnemonics7.Keep a notebook
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Pronunciation
Say these words right?
adhesion, clothes, language, development, espresso, forte, parentheses, suite, vehicle, knowledge engineer, jewelry, asterisk, routine, adjective, genuine
/ædhiʒən/, /kloʊðz/, /læŋgwɪdʒ/, /dɪvɛləpmənt/, /ɛsprɛsoʊ/, /fɔrteɪ/, /pərɛnθəsɪz/, /swit/, /viɪkəl/, /nɒlɪdʒ/, /ɛndʒənɪər/, /dʒuəlri/, /æstərɪsk/, /rutin/, /ædʒɪktɪv/, /dʒɛnyuɪn/
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Tips to Learn Pronunciation
• Distinguish• Drill• Drill• Drill• Drill
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Grammar
Identify the action verbs in this passage?
My cell phone rang almost immediately after I walked into the class and started the lesson. I had forgotten to switch it off. Let me silence it now. Will you also please put your phones in silent mode?
rang, walked, started, had forgotten, switch off, silence, will put
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Teaching words - Techniques
Definition
Translation
Examples
Context
Meaning Relation
Mime
Pictures
Realia
Pictogram
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Definition
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Translation
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Examples/Context
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Meaning Relation
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Love words
Increased exposure to English
Intentional/incidental learning
Guess from contextual clues
Use the dictionary/thesaurus
Ask someone
Word Learning Strategies-1Discover Words
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Contextual Clues
Rather than be involved in clandestine meetings, they did everything quite openly.
The girl who used to be very vociferous doesn't talk much anymore.
Pedagogical institutions, including high schools, kindergartens, and colleges, require community support to function efficiently.
He was so parsimonious that he refused to give his own sons the few pennies they needed to buy pencils for school. It truly hurt him to part with his money.
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Use a Dictionary
Explore a word that comes to your mind
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Use a Thesaurus
Two trucks loaded with thousands of copies of Roget's Thesaurus collided as they left a New York publishing house last Thursday, according to the Associated Press.
Witnesses were aghast, amazed, astonished, astounded, bemused, benumbed, bewildered, confounded, confused, dazed, dazzled, disconcerted, disoriented, dumbstruck, electrified, flabbergasted, horrified, immobilized, incredulous, nonplussed, overwhelmed, paralyzed, perplexed, scared, shocked, startled, stunned, stupified, surprised, taken aback, traumatized, upset. . . .
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Learn to Ask?
“What’s the English word for ___?”
“How do you say____ in English?”
“What does ____ mean in Hindi?”
“Is it a kind of _____ ?”
“Is it like a _____ ?”
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Use imagery
Use meaning relations
Use word parts
Mnemonics
Word Learning Strategies-2Remember Words
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Pictograms & Word Pictures
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Synonyms & Antonyms
Write S for Synonyms; A for Antonyms & U for Unrelated:
1 abridge - curtail2 satiated - reverse3 surfeit - paucity4 clemency - mercy5 tacit - explicit6 zenith - rain
7 archive - format8 random - hungry9 ennui - boredom10 fuse - mingle11 random - precise12 finite - rigid
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Homonyms
Distinguish the following pairs of words:
Affect - EffectDesert - DessertElicit - IllicitFarther – FurtherHoard – HordeIts – It’s
Industrial -IndustriousLoose - LoseRise – RaiseSensitive - SensibleTortuous - TorturousWaver - Waiver
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Homophones
Find homophones for each of these words:
AllowedBirthCeilingDearEarnFour
GrownHeardIdleJewelKnowLoan
MailNoseOnePeaceQuartsRed
SteelTaleVeilWasteWhatYolk
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More Word Relations
AcronymAptronymContranymAutonymBacronymcapitonym
HypernymHyponymPseudonymTautonymMetonymMeronym
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Collocation
Which words go with which verb?
things, sure, difference, nothing, sense, decision, mistakes, well, homework, job, something, money, whatever, judgments, gardening, work, mistake, copies, effort, anything
Make Dosurea differencesensea decision mistakes
moneyjudgmentsmistakecopieseffort
thingsnothingwellhomeworka job
somethingwhatevergardeningworkanything
Make Do
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Root WordsMatch the root words with their meanings:
Root Meaninganthrop yearbell shortarthro colorchrom warvit believecred jointbrev lifeann human
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English
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Mnemonics• The manners of articulation:
Stop Fooling Around Now, Learn Good Voicing Stop, Fricative, Affricate, Nasal, Liquid, Glide, Vowel
• Argument or arguement? Argument loses an ‘e’.
• Color CombinationsBetter Get Ready WhenYour Mistress Comes BackPrimary colors - Blue, Green, Red = WhiteSecondary colors - Yellow, Magenta, Cyan = Black
• Planets in order of distance from sunMy very easy method: just set up nine planets.
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Word Learning Strategies-3
Written repetition
Spoken repetition
Word lists
Vocabulary notebooks
Create meaningful sentences
Link to personal experience
Practise Words
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Word Association
Nine Swap Cell Ring Lust
Plugs Lamp Apple Table Sway
Army Bank Fire Hold Worm
Clock Horse Color Baby Sword
Desk Hold Find Bird Rock
Remember as many as you can
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Word Association
Remember as many as you can
Horse Cat Dog Fish Bird
Orange Yellow Blue Green Black
Table Chair Desk Stool Bed
In Out With On Of
Apple Melon Banana Grape Mango
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Set word learning goals
Make conscious effort
Test yourself
Review repeatedly
Devote specific time
Word Learning Strategies-4Master Words
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Word Games - Crossword
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Word Games - Anagrams
mondayytrmgoeeaccioustadegnr
Unscramble these words:
rdecaarusivyribnahammcnsei
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This slideshow is available at
www.authorstream.com/tag/lionnagaraju
www.slideshare.net/lionnagaraju
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