DUMBO: Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR
OutlineDisasterEmergency NetworkVehicular CommunicationAvailable TechnologiesDUMBO
DUMBO2
Disaster
NaturalTsunami, Nargis,
ManmadeTerrorist attack, Fire
Disaster (cont…)Consequences:
Huge deathHuge woundedDestroy surrounding (roads, buildings)Traditional communication infrastructure becomes
inoperable
Requirements:Rescue operationCo-ordination between the field worker and command
centerEmergency medical assistance
Emergency Network An emergency network:
Fast deployableWithout relying on the fixed infrastructureProvide multimedia communication (voice, video, text)Wide network coverageAvailable network devices (home appliances)Real-time monitoring systemsCapable to move the network nodes independently
within the network coverage
Emergency Network (cont…) Traditional Process: Usually the rescue
worker uses walkie talkie while in rescue operation. But it has many demerits:Short rangeCollisions in communication (everybody uses the same
channel)No video supportNo central monitoring systems to monitor the relative
movement of the field worker
Vehicular CommunicationVehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V)
Send and receive information between vehicles to vehicle
Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I)Share information among the vehicles and the fixed
infrastructure
Vehicular Communication (cont…) Internet
HQGateWay
Road
SeaJungle
Available TechnologiesShort Range Medium Range Long Range
Bluetooth100 Meters (Class 1)10 Meters (Class 2)1 Meter (Class 3)1 Mbps (v1) 3Mbps (v2.0)2.4 GHzZigbee250 Kbps @ 2.4 GHz40 Kbps @ 915 MHz20 Kbps @ 868 MHz10 – 100 MetersLow Data Rate
Wifi 802.11 b/g/n2.4 GHz11 ~ 300 Mbps30 ~ 200 MetersIEEE 802.11p C2C5.9 GHz DSRCUS Flavoreda.k.a WAVECALMWAVE + Global 5 GHzGPRS/UMTS ConnEU Flavored
EDGE0.9 ~ 1.89 MbpsLicensed FrequencyCDMA 2000 EV-DORev.0 153K ~ 2MbpsRev.A 1.8 ~ 3 MbpsLicensed FrequencyWiMax10 ~ 70 MbpsLicensed FrequencyExpensive Infrastructure
Available Technologies (cont…)TETRA : Terrestrial Trunked Radio
Special type of Mobile Walkie Talkie like serviceLow ThroughputFixed InfrastructureExpensive
DUMBO Use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in an
environment where fixed network infrastructure is not available, such as in the case of natural disaster
Simulated Disaster Area 2
IP StarUplink
Simulated Head Command
Center (AIT)
TerrestrialInternet
Simulated DisasterArea 1
IP StarSatellite
IP StarGateway Field
Satellite
AccessMANE
TOLSR
PDA
FieldSatellit
eAccess
MANET
OLSRPDA
sensor
DUMBO 2Interconnectivity between Mobile Ad-hoc
Network and Fixed infrastructureVehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with
mixed vehicle typesVehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like
GatewayA newly revised Emergency Response
Multimedia Communication Applications (P2P SIP)
Real-time monitoring system for rescue worker’s movement.
DUMBO 2 (cont…)
Internet
MANET 1 MANET 2
HQ
GateWay GateWay
OutlineMobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)
IEEE 802.11Ad hoc networkInfrastructured network
A B C
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)Fast deployableSelf configuringNo need for network infrastructureMoving nodesMulti-hop network
MANET exampleB and D as intermediate nodes forward a
packet to EMulti-hop network
MANET applicationsMilitary operationsSensor networksRescue operationsUniversityConferences
MANET characteristics Dynamic topologyLimited bandwidthEnergy constrained operationLimited physical security
MANET routing protocolReactive routing
Finding routes when needed (on demand)Proactive routing
Maintaining all routes to reachable destinations (table-driven routing)
Using continues control messages to set up routes
Reactive•Low routing overhead•High delay of setting up a connection
Proactive•High routing overhead•Low delay of setting up a connection
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561Finding routes when needed (on demand)Flooding a route request (RREQ)
RREQ RREQ RREQ
RREQ
RREQ
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561Finding routes when needed (on demand)A route reply is unicasted back
RREPRREP
RREP
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), RFC 3626 A table-driven routing protocol Using MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) to
efficiently relay broadcast messages Three main modules
Neighbor detection Topology discovery (via MPRs) Route calculation
OLSR packet format
1. Neighbor detection
HELLOHELLO
HELLO
Neighbor sensing
HELLOHELLO
HELLONeighbor nodes of B
A CD
Multipoint relayReducing the number of duplicate
retransmissions while forwarding a broadcast packet
Limit the set of MPRs retransmitting a packetThe number of MPRs should be small
Multipoint relay selectionEach node selects and maintains its own
MPRs“At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there
must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”
Multipoint relay selectionEach node selects and maintains its own
MPRs“At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there
must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”
The number of retransmissions with/without MPRs
Please find MPRs (1)
Please find MPRs (2)
Please find MPRs (3)
2. Flooding topology information without MPRs
Neighbor nodes of BA CD
Flooding topology information with MPRs
Neighbor nodes of BA CD
Route calculationB{A, C, D}
D{B, E}
Routing of ADest. Next hopB BC BD BE B
Routing of DDest. Next hopA BB BC BE E
Routing of EDest. Next hopA DB DC CD D
OLSR implementation
olsr.orgAn ad hoc wireless mesh routing daemonMany OS platforms are supported
Nokia, iPhone, Mac OS, Linux, Wins
OLSR for windows
Configured olsrd parametersHELLO intervalHELLO holdTC intervalTC holdMID intervalMID holdMore details no olsrd parameters
http://www.olsr.org/docs/olsrd.conf.5.html
HELLO interval and hold
Reasonable HELLO intervalIn RFC 3626
HELLO interval = 2sTC interval = 5s
The larger HELLO interval, the longer delay of neighbor detection
OLSR on a vehicle HELLO interval should be small
Routes
Communication applicationsExisting communication applications, VoIP,
require centralized serversThe centralized architecture is not suitable
for MANETs due to mobility
peer
peer
peerpeer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peerpeer
Operated
Operated
Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)Providing multimedia communications for an
emergency operationPeer-to-peer (P2P) application where no a
centralized server is neededRunning on OLSR protocol
EasyDC login
Main screen
EasyDC setupSoftware setup1 . Install jre 6u6 2 . Check the jre by opening command prompt and
typing java -version .Please make sure the version is shown correctly.3 . Install JMF
After that, run JMF Registry and click "Detect Capture Devices"4.Setup ad hoc mode on wireless interface . Make sure that
you use a correct given IP address.
-To run softwareDouble click MainStartup.bat in EasyDC folder
-To run HQ software CenterStartup.bat
GPS Location (GLoc) ServiceA GPS receiver is connected to each node through
Bluetooth. It receives the GPS information i.e. latitude and longitude
of the mobile nodeSends it to the Map server using DUMBO network. Map the position of all nodes comprising the network and
send for better co-ordination and administration.
GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
Objectives: Detects active links Monitors traffic flows through different links Provides metrics and statistics dynamically which
demonstrates the link quality and system performance .
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Features:Input parametersOutput parametersSnifferGraph PlotAnalysis
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Input parametersShows the default OLSR parameters such as HELLO
interval, TC interval, Hysteresis threshold limits etc. used for running the protocol.
The parameter values can be changed.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Output ParametersRun Time Packet Analysis: Shows the list of neighbor
nodes, Link failure, Packet loss , Packet loss rate, Delay and Current Node status.
Run Time Message Analysis: It shows the list of nodes originating the OLSR message, Message loss, Message Loss rate, Hop Count and Control Overhead corresponding to each originator node.
Run Time Average Figures: The section averages the values among all the nodes and shows the final figures at the run time.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
SnifferCaptures the packets coming to the network interface. Shows the detail information of the packets captured and
current performance status. The packet information consists of the time, source node
generating packet, packet loss, packet loss rate, hop count, delay within the OLSR packet.
Illustrates a broad picture of the packet information useful for user to observe the ongoing performance in detail.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
GraphThis section visualizes the network performance
graphically at run time. User can select type of plot interested along with the
necessary scale and tick steps.The system can generate different graphs for different
parameters like Average Link Failure, Average Packet Loss etc., with respect to time.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
AnalysisProvides the user with the comparative analysis of the
ongoing network performance. The criteria for the determination of the traffic level are:
High – Above 75% of the highest Traffic Level Average – Between 75% to above 45% of the highest
Traffic Level Low – Below or Equal to 45% of the highest Traffic
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
HelpThis section provides user with the general instruction for
operating the system. User can exit from the plug-in by selecting “Exit” in the
“File” option in the menu-bar. Besides, “About” option gives the brief information about
the plug-in development. On exiting from plug-in, all the related threads are closed
and stop the application.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
MANET Configure
MANET Configure (cont…)
MANET Configure (cont…)
MANET Configure (cont…)
GPS Receiver Connection
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
DUMBO 2 Network Setup
DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)
DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)
OLSR Over Network (OON)Sometimes, MANETs are connected to the
InternetWe create an overlay network covering both
MANETs and the InternetEasyDC can run on top on this overlay
network without being modified
OON configuration
Only fixed IP nodes exchange OLSR messages