ELECTROMAGNETISMELECTROMAGNETISM
ELECTROMAGNETISM ????ELECTROMAGNETISM ??????
ELECTROMAGNETISMELECTROMAGNETISM
THE BRANCH OF PHYSICS THAT DEALS THE BRANCH OF PHYSICS THAT DEALS WITH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WITH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISMELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
MAGNETIC PHENOMENONMAGNETIC PHENOMENON
ELECTROMAGNETISMELECTROMAGNETISMDAVY’S EXPERIMENTDAVY’S EXPERIMENT
OERSTED’S EXPERIMENTOERSTED’S EXPERIMENT
ANY CHARGE IN MOTION ANY CHARGE IN MOTION CREATES MAGNETIC FIELDCREATES MAGNETIC FIELD
MOVING ELECTRONS MOVING ELECTRONS INDUCE MAGNETIC FIELDINDUCE MAGNETIC FIELD
DETERMINING THE DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF THE DIRECTION OF THE
MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND CURRENT CARRYING CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTORCONDUCTORTHUMB-DIRECTION OF ELECTRONS
FLOWFINGERS—MAGNETIC FLUX LINES
COIL OF WIRE IS CALLED COIL OF WIRE IS CALLED HELIXHELIX
COIL OF WIRE CARRYING COIL OF WIRE CARRYING ELECTRICAL CURRENT IS ELECTRICAL CURRENT IS
CALLED SOLENOIDCALLED SOLENOID
SOLENOID’S MAGNETIC SOLENOID’S MAGNETIC FIELDFIELD
ELECTROMAGNET= ELECTROMAGNET= SOLENOID + IRON CORESOLENOID + IRON CORE
ELECTROMAGNETELECTROMAGNET
ELECTROMAGNET vs SOLENOIDELECTROMAGNET vs SOLENOID
ELECTROMAGNET SOLENOID
ELECTROMAGNETIC ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION:INDUCTION:
AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IS INDUCED IN AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IS INDUCED IN IN A CIRCUIT IF SOME PART OF THIS IN A CIRCUIT IF SOME PART OF THIS
CIRCUIT IS IN A CHANGING MAGNETIC CIRCUIT IS IN A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELDFIELD
E.M. INDUCTIONE.M. INDUCTION
STATIONARY CONDUCTOR + MOVING MAGNET
STATIONARY MAGNET + MOVING CONDUCTOR
ELECTROMAGNET WITH A/C CURRENT + STATIONARY CONDUCTOR
STATIONARY MAGNETSTATIONARY MAGNET
MOVING MAGNETMOVING MAGNET
MOVING MAGNETMOVING MAGNET
ELECTROMAGNET WITH ELECTROMAGNET WITH A/C A/C
METAL DETECTORMETAL DETECTOR
FARADAY’S LAW FARADAY’S LAW
MAGNITUDE OF INDUCED CURRENT MAGNITUDE OF INDUCED CURRENT DEPENDS ONDEPENDS ON
THE STRENGTH OF MAG. FIELD THE VELOCITY OF MAG. FIELD THE ANGLE OF THE CONDUCTOR TO THE
MAG. FIELD THE NUMBER OF TURNS IN THE
CONDUCTOR
SPEEDSPEEDFAST –E.M.F FAST –E.M.F
ANGLEANGLEANGLE –E.M.ANGLE –E.M.
# OF COILS# OF COILS
STRONGER
WEAKER
LEFT HAND DYNAMO RULELEFT HAND DYNAMO RULE
N S
e
ELECTRON FLOW ELECTRON FLOW DIRECTIONDIRECTION
DIRECTION OF e
DIRECTION OF e
ELECTRIC GENERATORELECTRIC GENERATOR ( DYNAMO)—A DEVICE ( DYNAMO)—A DEVICE
THAT CONVERTS THAT CONVERTS MECHANICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY
E.M. INDUCTIONE.M. INDUCTION
GENERATOR GENERATOR COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
A POWERFUL MAGNETAN ARMATURE (WIRE LOOP)
GENERATORSGENERATORS
D/CA/C
D/C GENERATORD/C GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR RING
D/C POWER FROM D/C POWER FROM BATTERYBATTERY
I
TIME
A/C GENERATORA/C GENERATOR
A/C FREQUENCY IN THE US – 60 Hz
ELECTRIC MOTORELECTRIC MOTOR-A -A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS DEVICE THAT CONVERTS ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO
MECHANICAL ENERGYMECHANICAL ENERGY
TYPES OF MOTORSTYPES OF MOTORS
D/C ( COMMUTATOR RING!!)A/C
D/C MOTORD/C MOTOR
A/C MOTORS A/C MOTORS
SYNCHRONOUS ( REVERSE OF
GENERATOR)
INDUCTION
INDUCTION MOTOR INDUCTION MOTOR ROTATES THE ANODE IN ROTATES THE ANODE IN
THE MODERN X-RAY TUBESTHE MODERN X-RAY TUBES
INDUCTION MOTORINDUCTION MOTOR
ROTORSTATOR
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONPRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
RIGHT HAND MOTOR RULERIGHT HAND MOTOR RULE
COMPARISON –COMPARISON –GENERATOR vs MOTORGENERATOR vs MOTOR