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Electric Roads for HDVs A European perspective on Barriers & Solutions for future market successes December 3rd 2015
CEC & UC Davis Workshop
Scania ©
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Critical barriers and Opportunities
What are Electric Road Systems?
What problem are we solving?
Agenda
Outline
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Focus on zero-emission trucks is necessary
Air Quality
“By focusing on the ultimate technology endpoint (zero emissions) that satisfies all of our air quality goals and supporting needed engineering advances, we can provide
the certainty businesses need for long-term planning” – CARB
California GHG emissions
-40% -80%
and targets
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Transport will increasingly be the biggest challenge for decarbonization
Source: European Commission reference scenario for 2050 (2013)
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Freight emissions will replace passenger traffic as main source of CO2
Source: Transport & Environment – Briefing: Too big to ignore – truck CO2 emissions in 2030 (2015)
already by 2030
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Long haul is by far the biggest segment of HDV in terms of fuel consumption and GHG-emissions
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Infrastructure built on the heavily trafficked roads can address significant part of heavy duty emissions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2
Length of road network
CO2 emissions from HDV
60 % of the HDV emissions occur on 2 % of the road network (BAB = 12,394 km)
GS
KS LS BS
BAB
BAB
AO
IO
Image: HDV density on BAB-Network BAB = Bundesautobahnen (12.594 km) BS = Bundesstraßen (40.400 km) LS = Landesstraßen (86.600 km) KS = Kreisstraßen (91.600 km) GS = Gemeindestraßen (>420.000 km)
Source: Verkehr in Zahlen 2012
IO =
Inne
rort
s AO
= A
ußer
orts
BA
B =
Bund
esau
toba
hn
Sour
ce: T
REM
OD
2012
The most intensely used 3,966 km handle 60% of all ton-km on the BAB
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California’s need for solutions to address long distance road freight will only grow from 2007 to 2040
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Freight Management and Operations, Freight Analysis Framework
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Critical barriers and Opportunities
What are Electric Road Systems?
What problem are we solving?
Agenda
Outline
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Electric Road Systems are gaining attention and different technology options are being explored
Examples of ERS investigations and development
Corporate sector Road authorities and research agencies
• Swedish Transport Administration pre-commercial procurement
• Bombardier Primove: Inductive ground-based solution
• Highways England & TRL conducting off-road trials
• Alstom APS: Conductive ground-based solution
• EU-funded FABRIC program for feasibility analysis and development
• Elways: Conductive ground-based solution
• Qualcomm Halo: Inductive ground-based solution
• Utah State University test facility for Electric Vehicle and Roadway
• OLEV Tech: Shaped Magnetic Fields in Resonance, ground-based solution
• KAIST developed solution and started pilots, e.g. on city bus route
ERS definition: Electric road systems (ERS) can be described as electrified roads that support continuous or dynamic power transfer to vehicles from the roads on which they are driving –
Tongur & Engwall (2014)
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Siemens ERS solution: eHighway
Electrification of hybrid trucks via an overhead catenary system
Advantages
High energy efficiency
Reduced operating costs
Swift integration into existing infrastructure
Safe, reliable & open technology
Hybrid-electric drive train
Electrification infrastructure
Active current collector
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Electrification is especially attractive on highly frequented routes
Long-haul traffic Mine transport Shuttle transport
eHighway application fields
The development path of road electrification is likely to echo that of rail electrification a century ago
near term long term
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Critical barriers and Opportunities
What are Electric Road Systems?
What problem are we solving?
Agenda
Outline
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Challenge
„Chicken and egg“
„Many different chickens and eggs“?
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Electric Road Systems in Sweden Pre-Commercial Procurement of demonstration
Process Specifics
Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration) initiated an Innovation Procurement Process (IPP) for demonstration projects with electric road systems (ERS) for heavy transport (>16 tons) with a preliminary budget of 11,5 M€ Aim of the call: Realization of demonstration projects to evaluate different ERS-
technologies prior to a potential introduction on the Swedish road network
1) Each submission is followed by an evaluation by the customer with a Go/NoGo for the process as a whole and the individual competitors
11.07.13
Phase 0: Call issued
Time line as announced by Trafikverket
Phase 1: Concept description
19.12.13
Phase 2: Awarding detailed design
15.05.14
Phase 3: Awarding realization
05/15
Project Start & 2 years demonstration
06/15
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Foundations are being laid this week
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eHighway built up and in operation
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Patrik Akerman Business Developer
Mobility Technology & Innovation eHighway
Erlangen, Germany
Phone: +49 (9131) 7 46230 Mobile: +49 (172) 735 1509
E-mail: [email protected]
www.siemens.com/mobility/ehighway
Contact
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Development project Test track of 1.3 miles with realistic highway conditions Technical assessment of complete system by TU Dresden & BASt (the German
Federal Highway Research Institute). Analysis of the economic and ecological impacts by German federal ministries
lead to approval of field trial plan by 2017 Cooperation with e.g. Scania and Volvo
eHighway is developing quickly and is ready for commercial use in near future
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Further independent reports confirm economic and ecological benefits of system
Gladstein, Neandros and Associates report, commissioned by AQMD, confirmed economic attractiveness of Catenary Hybrid truck solution and showed market potential Swedish Transport Authority (TRV) has investigated eHighway with great interest.
Several reports on the topic have been published (regulation, first application, impact on national transport goals) Application for harbour links to industrial centers as well as mining connections are being
considered
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Background Trucks are a key link between the ports and rail yards Air quality and GHG concerns AQMD (Air Quality Management District) is pursuing
environmental relief for the LA metropolitan area
Goal: To promote the implementation of zero emission goods movement technologies, and to demonstrate the most viable technology to be adopted for a future, regional zero-emissions corridor
Scope
One mile of infrastructure on Alameda St. next to the near-dock rail terminals. Integration on different hybrid and zero-emission trucks supplied by Volvo Trucks and
local truck manufacturers Construction work has started Demonstration period of 12 months for data collection and evaluation
Public road demonstration in the U.S.
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Length: ~1 mile
Timeline: 2015
EH-Vehicles: 4
Outlook for projects and market in LA
Implementing Siemens’ eHighway concept in Southern California is an unique opportunity to make the area more sustainable through an innovative solution
Demonstrator Regional connection Interstate-710 Near-dock rail
connection
~30 miles of East-West Freight Corridor (EWFC)
Planned before 2035
Length: ~5 miles
Timeline: 2016-2019
EH-Vehicles: 400
Length: ~22 miles
Timeline: 2020-2030
EH-Vehicles: 46,000
Source: POLA/POLB strategic plan 2019 Source: I-710 Draft EIR/EIS Source: SCAG regional transportation plan
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Comments by SCE on CALSTART report
The Report‘s conclusory assertion that a Catenary System „may be too problematic and costly to be viable“ does not reflect current data and is internally inconsistent with other assertions and reommendations made in the Report The CalStart Report contains no citation to any available documentation or interviews with industry experts in support of the Report‘s conclusions regarding a Catenary System. Without such references, research, and/or other substantial evicdence supporting the Report‘s consideration of catenary truck design and flexibility features, the Report‘s conclusions lack support and are flawed.
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Comments by SCE on CALSTART report
Third, the assertion that the Catenary System may be too „costly“ (or, in terms of CEQA, „economically infeasible“) is wholly unsopported by information and references within the Report. Under CEQA, just because an alternative may be „costly“ does not render it economically infeasible. Relevant precedent mandates that „economic infeasibility“ be substantiated through a demonstration that a rational economic actor in the same circumstances would not undertake a certain action in light of the costs associated with it. For the Report to assert that a Caternary System alternative would cost a lot of money means nothing absent the contact of total Project costs, cost of other alternatives, and a supporting economic analysis finding that no rational actor would pursue such an alternative on that basis.
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Comments by SCE on CALSTART report
The Catenary System is a viable and feasible alternative and there is no substantial evidence documented within and/or referenced by the Report warranting its omission from the Report‘s Conclusions and Recommendations or dismissal from continued consideration and analysis in support of the Project On the contrary, SCE asserts that with reasoned consideration, the Project will find that the Catenary System is, in fact, feasible, especially when compared to other alternatives under consideration
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Backup: Outline