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Drilling Engineering Overview
Project Management
Well Planning
Contractor Management
Risk Assessment
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Project Management
Operators are dependent upon various service
providers for services that are critical to well
delivery.
Drilling engineers must actively manage
themselves and the resources at their disposal.
Effective drilling engineers are constantly andactively shifting their focus between
Engineering activities and Management
activities.
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Project Management
Engineering activities include:
Details of the well design
Specification and assessment of work done by
other team members
Operational procedures and planning
Short term scheduling of tasks
Time and cost prediction
Performance monitoring and reporting
Lessons learned
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Project Management
Management activities include:
Understanding the full scope of work involved in
the project
Leadership communication vision and goals for
the project, gain buy-in, progress reports
Long term scheduling of work phases based onduration and lead time
Setting priorities / Allocation of resources
Relationships among team members that enable
them to work effectively
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Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Well Planning Process
Setting Priorities Information Flow
Decision Support
Optimization
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Geology
Offset well dataElectric Logs
MudlogsSamples
Cores
Test resultsSeismic data
Targets:
N-S/E-WTVD
Size / Shape / OrientationDirectional Tendencies / Dip Angles / Faults
Lithologies:
Rock type / strengthPorosity / permeability
Troublesome FormationsFracture and Pore Pressure Gradients
Temperature
Expected FluidsExpected Flow Rates
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Completion
GeologyLithologies:
Rock type / strength
Porosity / permeability
Dip Angles / Faults
Fracture and Pore Pressure Gradients
Expected FluidsExpected Flow Rates
Production Casing/Tubing SizeCompletion Design
Artificial Lift Requirements
Stimulation Design
Length / Orientation in Reservoir
Future Intervention Requirements
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Trajectory Design
Geology
Targets:
N-S/E-W
TVD
Size / Shape
Orientation
Troublesome Formations
Directional Tendencies
Completion
Length / Orientation in Reservoir
Future Intervention Requirements
MD/TVD
InclinationAzimuth
KOPBuild Rates
Walk Rates
Dogleg Severity
N-S / E-W Displacements
Horizontal Departure
Surveying Requirements
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Wellbore Stability
GeologyTarget Orientation
Lithologies
Rock type / strengthFracture & Pore Pressure Gradients
Troublesome Formations / Stress Regime
Directional Tendencies
Completion
Length / Orientation in Reservoir
Prod. Casing/Hole Size
Pressure at Abandonment
Trajectory
Wellbore Position
KOPInclinationAzimuth
Mechanical Stability: MW Window
Drilling Practices
Tripping PracticesChemical Stability: Inhibitive Fluid Reqts.
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Drilling Fluids
Geology
Lithologies
Rock type / strength
Fracture & Pore Pressure Gradients
Troublesome Formations
CompletionNon-damaging
TrajectoryInclination
Wellbore Stability
MW Schedule
Inhibitive Fluid Reqts.
Mud Type
Mud Properties
Mud Weight
Rheology
Filtration
InhibitionSolids Control Requirements
Cuttings Handling / Disposal
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Casing
Wellbore StabilityMW Schedule
Casing Seat OptionsCompletionProd. Casing / Hole Size
Completion DesignStimulation Design
Zonal Isolation
Drilling FluidsMud Type
Mud Properties
Mud Weight
Viscosity
Friction Coefficient
Trajectory
Critical Angle
Dogleg Severity
Casing Sizes, Weights, Grades, Connections
Casing Setting Depths
Casing vs- Liner/TiebackLoad Cases Tension, Burst, Collapse, BucklingSpecial Tools
Running Procedures
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Geology
Pressure ProfileUnstable formations
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Cementing
Wellbore Stability
MW Schedule
Problem formations
CompletionHole Size Requirements
Completion Design
Stimulation Design
Zonal IsolationDrilling Fluids
Mud Type
Mud Properties
Mud Weight
Viscosity
Trajectory
Inclination
Dogleg Severity
Cement Job DesignsSlurry type / additives
Slurry volumes
Spacers / Washes
Displacement
Conventional vs- Inner string
Tool Selection Float Equipment,
Centralizers, Stage tools, ECPs
FIT / LOT Plan
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Geology
Pressure Profile
Temperature
Aquifers
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Wellheads / BOP
CasingCasing Sizes
No. of strings to surface
Completion
Hole Size Requirements
Completion Design
Stimulation Design
Drilling Fluids
Mud Type
Mud Additives
Trajectory
Close proximity
requirements
Wellhead Size / Design / Pressure Rating
BOP Size / Configuration / Working Pressure RatingTesting Procedures / Frequency
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Geology
Pressure Profile
Temperature
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BHA & Drill String
Drilling Fluids
Mud Type
Mud PropertiesMud Weight
Friction Coefficient
Trajectory
Measured Depth
True Vertical Depth
KOP / Dogleg Severity
Inclination
Azimuth
Geology
Lithology / strength
Dip Angles / Faults
CasingCasing Sizes
Setting Depths
BHA Configuration / Directional Response
Drill String: Lengths, Sizes, Weights, Grades, Connections
Performance Properties: Tension, Torque, Buckling
Operating Procedures: Torque and Drag
% Rotary Mode, Tortuosity
Casing Wear Prediction / Mitigation Plan
Inspection Procedures / Frequency
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
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Bits
Drilling Fluids
Mud Type
Mud Properties
InhibitionTrajectory
Measured Depth
Dogleg Severity
Geology
Lithology / strength
Reactivity of claysAbrasiveness
Casing
Casing Sizes
Bit Size, Roller Cone / Fixed Cutter, Style, Features
Operating Parameters: WOB, RPM
Expected ROP, Footage, Bit Life, Cost / Foot
Eccentric or Bicenter Requirements
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Wellbore Stability
Mobile Formations
BHA & Drill String
WOB and Torque Cap.
Motor Torque Output
% Rotary Mode
Cementing
Annular Clearance Reqts
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Hole Cleaning &
Hydraulics
Drilling FluidsMud Type
Mud PropertiesMud Weight
RheologyFiltration
TrajectoryMeasured Depth
Surveying ReqtsInclination
Casing & CementingCasing Sizes
Setting Depths
BHA & Drill String
Drill String:
Lengths, Sizes,
% Rotary Mode
Flow Rates
Standpipe Pressures
Pump Horsepower Requirements
Annular Velocities
Equivalent Circulating Densities
Surge / Swab
Bit Hydraulic Horsepower
Hole Cleaning Recommendations
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Wellbore StabilityUnstable Formations
Hole EnlargementPore Pressure / Frac
Gradient Window
Bits
Hole Sizes
Bit Design
Expected ROP
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Rig Equipment
Casing
Casing SizesSetting Depths
Hookload
Drilling Fluids
Mud TypeMud Properties
Solids Control
Storage Volume
Cuttings Handling
BHA & Drill String
Lengths, Sizes
Tension / Torque Loads
RPM
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Flow Rates
Standpipe Pressures
Pump HP Reqts
Top Drive Torque / RPM Capability
Pump HP / Flow Rate / Pressure Capability
Hookload Capacity
Derrick Setback Space / Capacity
Drilling Fluid Storage / Mixing / Solids Control
Bulk Dry / Liquid Storage Capacity
Deck Space / Bed Space
Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Cementing
Slurry VolumesAdditive Types
Wellheads / BOP
Size / Configuration
Pressure Rating
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Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Deck Space for Equipment
Storage for Fluids
Bed Space for People
Top Drive
Torque Output
Liquid Storage
Dry Storage
Solids Control
Cuttings Handling Deck Space for Tubulars
Deck Space for EquipmentHookload Capacity
Dry Storage
Liquid Storage
for returns Size / Configuration
Pressure Rating
Rig Pipe Inventory
Racking Space
Storage SpacePump HP
Flow Rate / SPM
Standpipe Pressure Limit
Working Backwardsfrom
Rig Capabilities
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Geology
Completion
Trajectory
BHA & Drill String
Casing
Drilling Fluids
Wellbore Stability
Hole Cleaning
& Hydraulics
Rig Equipment
Cementing
Bits
Wellheads / BOP
Exampleof
Other Iterations
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Hazard Control Process
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Unocal Hazards Control Policy
Inspection,
0perations,
Maintenance and
Cessation of operations.
Engineering,
Drilling,
Well servicing,
Construction,
Each operating unit shall ensure that hazards control
procedures are developed and implemented to effectivelyidentify, evaluate and control hazards associated with
all work at each stage, from conception through design;
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Work
Emergency?
Type of
Work?
HAR
Required?
Significant
Work Scope
Change?
Mitigate
Emergency
HA Screening
and Technique
Selection
Select HAR
Technique and
HAR team
Perform
Hazard Analysis
Review
Follow-up and
Close-out
HAR Actions
Finalize Design
Implementation
Planning
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
As Soon As Possible
Change or New Project Maintenance/Replacement-in-Kind
Design/EngineeringPhase
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Note 1:
"Resolving concerns will be by any of a number of
methods such as peer discussion, project meeting or a
formal hazard analysis. The method selected will be
at the discretion of the performing authority, suitably
trained in application of the techniques.
Any Concerns?
Variance
from Work
Plan?
ImplementationPhase
Screening
Start Work
Complete Work
Resolve
Concerns
(Note 1)Yes
No
No
Yes
Im
plementation/ConstructionPhase
Implementation
Planning
Hazards Control Process
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Hazard Analysis
Design Phase
Hazard Analysis Screening
Use Guidebooks - Tools and Techniques / When to use
Engineering Phase
Hazard Analysis Review
Finalize Work
Implementation Phase Significant Work Scope Change
Implementation Planning
Screening Go / No Go
Deviation from work plan
Work Completion reporting / audit / learning
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Risk Management Objectives
Control losses and manage risks
Promote critical thinking and management of change
Provide a standard risk assessment methodology
Provide additional risk management tools
Provide risk management training
Comply with Unocals Risk Management Standard
Comply with Unocals OMS requirements for risk,engineering standards and management of change
Complement Unocals Hazards Control Policy
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Key ContractRisk Management Elements
Indemnification
Insurance
Accident Reporting
Force Majeure
Warranties, includingpatents and copyright
Confidentiality
Audit
Applicable Law
Billing
Term
Termination
Foreign Corrupt PracticesAct
Technical Exhibits
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Contractor Management
Program
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Key Aspects of the CMP
Company-wide application of best practices to select
and manage contractors
A well defined cradle to grave contracting process
Each contract is owned by a Contract Manager
Contract teams are formally established
Technical specifications and Contractor selection are
based on business objectives
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Key Aspects of the CMP
Focus is on total long term value; not (only) on price
Planned and structured management of Contractor
performance continuous improvement
Risk Management / OMS
The program is a guideline that must reflect BU
requirements
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Managers Responsibilities
Integrate the CMP into every major project / program
Make appropriate resources (personnel) available
Delegate responsibility to contract teams:
Ensure the right people are selected as team members
Clarify the priority of the contracting effort and provide guidance
Participate in appropriate reviews and sanction key decisions Track progress and address problem areas - ensure accountability
Be visibly committed to the CMP
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The Procurement Team
Contract Manager
Procurement Specialist
HES Representative
Engineers & Techs
Superintendents
Worksite Supervisors
Clerks & Secretaries
Management
Attorney
HR Rep
Accounting Rep
Tax Department Rep
Auditors
Cross Functional Personnel
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CMP Objectives
Apply Unocals values to all business dealings
Maximize the value for every procurement dollar
Manage risks (HES, operational, & commercial)
Timely delivery of quality goods and services
Meet requirements of policies and regulations Integrate multiple Contractors in a single project
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Contracting Priorities(Key Value Drivers)
Personnel
Service
Goods
Pricing
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Drivers - Personnel
This is the single greatest factor in being
the Clear Leader!
We need Contractor personnel who are:
technically excellent
highly motivated driven by continuous improvement
team players
available to Unocal
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Drivers - Goods
Have we developed detailed technical
specifications? Composition of materials
API specifications
Pressure and Temperature ratings
Do we understand Contractors QA / QC?
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Drivers - Service
Quality of service is always determined byquality of personnel and overall management
Service is impacted directly by the way inwhich we manage the relationship from bothsides
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Drivers - Pricing
Every Contractor working for Unocalneeds to make a fair and reasonable
profit.
A key driver for all Contractors is to
be paid on time!
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Expectations
Establish high expectations and define themearly - What do we consider success?
Ensure management (Unocal & Contractor)are committed to meeting the expectations
Expect continuous improvement
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Contracting Activities Form a Contract Team
Research the Business Environment
Internal and External Develop Contract Strategy
Method of Selection & Commercial Structure Bid / Bundle / Negotiation / Alliance / Turnkey / Performance
Global or local / Extensions / Exclusive personnel or equipment
Develop Specifications
Pre-Qualify Vendors
Revalidate the Strategy Does original strategy still appear workable?
Contract Implementation Reporting / Invoicing
Performance Management During the Contract Life
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Research the Business Environment
Internal understanding: Analysis of this type of service: Who spends how much
with whom to accomplish what?
Forecasted activity level
Historical problems (quality, timeliness, incidents)
Opportunities to bundle services or consolidate with otherdepartments / business units
External understanding: What levels of competition and what range of quality &
capabilities exist in the market?
What commercial structures are most efficient for theContractors?
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Performance Management
During the Contract Life
Contract Manager is the focus point and isresponsible for Contractor performance
Business Performance Reviews (BPR) are held toidentify any issues and track action items created toaddress those issues
Contract Strategy Review (6 12 months from endof contract term)
Final Contract Review
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