Understanding Basics of Disaster/Emergency Management And Roles/Responsibilities of
District Administration
Dr. Asit K Patra
Disaster Management Institute
Bhopal
Part I: Baseline Information
Hazard – Risk –Vulnerability ------Relation
Disaster/Emergency ------ On-site & OFF-SITE
Legal Provisions: DM Act 2005/Factories Act/MS&IHC Rules 1989/CA (EPPR) Rules 1996/NDMA Guidelines
Off-site Planning: As per Schedule 12 of MS&IHC Rules
MADHYA PRADESH & DISASTERS• 03 Dec, 1984: World’s worst ever industrial disaster - UCIL Bhopal Gas Tragedy.•22 May, 1997 : India's first urban earthquake at Jabalpur. •Faced frequent drought up to 33 districts effected at a time. (1991-92, 97-98, 98-99, 99-2000, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2004-05, 2005-06)•Frequent devastating flood situation during 1992, 94, 96, 97, 99,2003, 04, 05, 06 (27 districts affected during 2006)
In Madhya Pradesh, 21 districts partly or completely fall under Zone-III, having moderate seismic risk viz. Jabalpur, Khargone, Indore, Khandwa, Dhar, Raisen, Dewas, Sehore, Betul, Sidhi, Shadol, Damoh, Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Badwani, Jhabua, Umaria, Chhindwara Harda, Burhanpur and Anuppur
FLOOD AFFECTED DISTRICTS OF MADHYAPREDESH
32 Districts were affected
6-12 times in last 24 years
DROUGHT HAZARDS IN MADHYAPREDESH
VERY SEVERE
SEVERE
AFFECTED
INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS IN
MADHYA PRADESH
MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN MADHYA PRADESH
1. Pithampur Industrial Area, District Dhar
2. Malanpur Industrial Area, District Bhind
3. Govindpura, Bounri Bakania and BHEL Area of District Bhopal
4. Mandideep Industrial Area of District Raisen
5. Dewas Industrial Area
6. Vijaypur in Guna District – GAIL, IOCL, NFL
7. Indira Sagar Project, District Khandwa
8. Nagda Industrial Area – Grasim etc.
MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN MADHYA PRADESH
9. NTPC units in Singroli District.
10. Cement Industries in and around Satna District
11. Bharat-Oman Refinery at Bina
BLEVE
AN INDUSTRY AFTER VCE
POOL-FIRE
JET- FIRE
EMERGENCYPrevention
Preparedness
PRE-EMERGENCY
Rescue & Relief
Long Term Recovery
POST - EMERGENCY
Mitigation
Short Term Recovery
Part II: DMP/EMP
CHEMICAL EMERGENCY RISK MANAGEMENT
Technical Part
**Identification of Loss Scenarios
**Dispersion Modelling and Consequence Analysis of Loss Scenarios
**Risk Assessment
Management Part
** Risk Management - PPRR
Case study: IOCL LPG Bottling plant, Bhopal using SAFETI Micro (DNV Technica)
Inventory : 1400 MT LEL/LFL = 1.8 – 2.1 %
Radiation Levels : 37.5 Kw/m2 (100% lethality) 12.5 Kw/m2 (50% lethality) 4.5 Kw/m2 (0% lethality)
Explosion Overpressure Levels: 5 psig (Complete destruction/fatal) 3 psig (moderate destruction) 1 psig (mild destruction)
BLEVE due to catastrophic release from LPG Horton
sphere
Thermal Radiation (Kw/m2) Maximum Hazard Distance (m) 37.5 761 12.5 1316 4.5 2026 Explosion Overpressure (psig) Maximum Hazard Distance (m) 5 254 3 321 1 586
Maximum Hazard Distances (m) to Thermal Radiation due to BLEVE/Fireball
Case Study: GAIL pipeline, Vijaypur (Guna)
Pipe Diameter: 20 inches Pipe Length: 10 KmPipe Press: 500 psia Pipe Temperature: 35° CWind: 5 meters/second Ground Roughness: Industrial Air Temperature: 35° C Stability Class: DRelative Humidity: 70% *******************************************************THREAT ZONE (in meters ) 4.5 Kw/m2 (Blue Zone) 168 12.5 Kw/m2 (Orange Zone) 99 37.5 Kw/m2 (Red Zone) 45
Jet Fire Scenario of Natural Gas while being transported through underground pipeline using
SAFETI Micro
Case Study: Water Treatment Plant, NTPC- Singroli
Concentration Maximum Downwind Distance (m) (ppm) under the following atmospheric conditions B ; 2.0 m/s D; 4.0 m/s F; 1.5 m/s
1000 (Fatal) 206 286 195 35 668 1432 2957 10 (IDLH) 1208 2858 7516 3 (STEL) 2109 5350 16260
Catastrophic Failure of a Chlorine Tonner (Inventory = 900 kg liquid) using SAFETI Micro
RED ZONE
ORANGE Zone
BLUE ZONE
Plant Location
FOOT-PRINT OF CHLORINE GAS CLOUD
Dispersion Modelling of Chlorine gas after being released from CWPH in NTPC, SingorliInventory = 900 kg.)
Broad Categories of Protective Actions
$ Move perpendicular to the direction of wind
$ In-house protection
$ Evacuation
In-house protection duringToxic Release Emergency
** Effective when there is an insufficient time to evacuate
** Effective specially when maximum concentration of the released chemical is of greatest concern.
Instructions to be followed while in house:
* Close the doors and windows * Cover cracks with tape/wet rags * Cover one’s nose and mouth with a wet cloth * Turn off ventilation systems
Wind
Effect Zone Radius
Effect Zone forWesterly Wind
Release Point
DMI
Relevant Acts and Rules and Recent Developments
Factories Act, 1948 as amended in 1987
MS&IHC Rules, 1989 as amended in 2000
The PLI Act, 1991 and amended rules 1993
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Preparedness, Planning and Response) Rules, 1996
Disaster Management Act, 2005
EIA Notifications, 2006
NDMA Guidelines on Chemical (Industrial) Disaster Management 2007
NAP-CIDM 2010
Responsibility of Police Deptt. Under Regulatory Provisions
As per CA(EPPR) Rules 1996
¤ Commissioner of Police as a Member in SCG (Schedule 6)
¤ Dy. Sup. of Police as a Member in DCG (Schedule 7)
¤ SHO as a Member in LCG (Schedule 8)
Responsibility of SCG
(a) review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a view to examine its adequacy in accordance with the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals, Rules and forward a report to the Central Crisis Group once in three months;
(b) assist the State Government in managing chemical accidents at a site;
(c) assist the State Government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation of major chemical accidents at a site in the State;
(d) continuously monitor the post accident situation arising out of a major chemical accident in the State and forward a report to the Central Crisis group;
(e) review the progress report submitted by the District Crisis groups;
(f) respond to queries addressed to it by the District Crisis groups;
(g) publish a list of experts and officials in the State who are concerned with the management of chemical accidents.
Responsibility of DCG
(a) assist in the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan;
(b) review all the on-site emergency plans prepared by the occupier of Major Accident Hazards installation for the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan;
(c) assist the district administration in the management of chemical;
(d) continuously monitor every chemical accident;
(e) ensure continuous information flow from the district to the Central and State Crisis Group regarding accident situation and mitigation efforts;
(f) forward a report of the chemical accident within fifteen days to the State Crisis Group;
(g) conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site each year and forward a report of the strength and the weakness of the plan to the State Crisis Group.
Responsibility of LCG
(a) prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket;
(b) ensure dovetailing of the local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan;
(c) train personnel involved in chemical accident management;
(d) educate the population likely to be affected in a chemical accident about the remedies and existing preparedness in the area;
(e) conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six months forward a report to the District Crisis Group;
(f) respond to all public inquiries on the subject.
Functions to be performed by the Police Deptt. during Pre-Disaster Phase (Preparedness & Mitigation) * Provision of all facilities in control rooms and nomination of officers-in-charge EOC and staff for manning the various desks in the Fire, Protection of life and relief management, if necessary.
* Inspection of all warning and communication system
* Preparation of resource inventory.
* Traffic and transport management, coordination with other departments.
* Operation readiness of communication systems.
Functions to be performed by the Police Deptt. during Post-Disaster Phase (Response Stage) * Carry out and communicate quick evacuation & need of firefighting/medical.
* Notify about immediate essential services required at sites.
* Assist in fire fighting and evacuation.
* Protect life and property, prevention of looting and plundering.
* Establishment of communication links, alternate control room and police post to meet all requirements.
Functions to be performed by the Police Deptt. during Post-Disaster Phase (Response Stage) .........................................Contd.
* Traffic control and sign posting.
* Coordinate deployment of additional forces (paramilitary, RAF, State Armed Forces, Home guards etc.) provided.
* Management of deceased.
* Assist in Accident investigation. Role is vital to protect the proofs of accidents within 48 hours of event.
* Actively participate in Mock exercises and update their role and responsibilities
* Ensure establishment of DECR * Coordination with all government departments, NGOs, community organizations, volunteers and other agencies for rendering effective assistance during disasters by formation of Crisis group at local and District level. * Selection of sites for shelter. * Coordinating arrangements for medical relief arrangements and distribution of relief supply. * Maintaining updated inventory of all resources available in the districts, neighbouring districts and additional requirements. * Identification of Voluntary Organization for specific tasks.
Responsibility of Revenue Deptt. during Pre-Disaster Phase (Preparedness & Mitigation)
* Activation of the DECR with appropriate staffing, carryout immediate situation assessment, ascertain need of the effected people and communicate the same to Collector, Divisional Commissioner and the State Crisis Group through Labor Secretary.
* Ensure immediate deployment of teams to undertake fire, protection of life and medical plan.
* Monitor fire fighting, Protection of life and medical relief.
* Ensure effective uninterrupted communications by various means like wireless, radio, telephones etc.
Responsibility of Revenue Deptt. During Post-Disaster Phase (Response Stage)
* Monitor relief management at all locations.Ensuring expeditious restoration of all essential life line services.
* Ensuring prompt medical relief management at disaster sites and hospitals.
* Ensure enforcement of law and order.
* Ensure adequate transportation facilities, machinery and manpower to undertake various relief and response actions.
Responsibility of Revenue Deptt. During Post-Disaster Phase (Response Stage)..Contd
* Exercising over all control on the situation, all relief and response activities.
* Distribution of relief amount to the victims as per the guidelines issued by Public Liability Act.
* Take all necessary measures for subsequent relief and rehabilitation of the victims.
Responsibility of Revenue Deptt. During Post-Disaster Phase (Response Stage)..Contd
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