DNA for Dummies(and the intellectually astute)
A Dr. Parrott Production
• Secret of Photo 51:
• What organic polymer?
• Made of what monomers?
• Components?
Tour of the Basics
DNA Wrap Basic
DNA Wrap Advanced
DNA Coiling
Replication: DNA NAD• Occurs during S phase of
interphase in reproducing cells only
• DNA template is copied complimentarily and semi conservatively
• Occurs only in the nucleus
Meselson-Stahl Experiment How DNA Replicates DNA Replication
Bidirectional Replication Replication Complete General DNA Workshop
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA2: TAC
mRNA:
Amino Acids:
tRNA:
replication
DNA Replication Basic DNA Replication Fork Rep Fork 2
DNA Replication DNA Polymerase
Tran scription: DNAmRNA
• Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle with the exception of mitosis
• Occurs in the nucleus as messenger RNA copies DNA
RNA Splicing Transcription Transcription Complete
Transcription the Movie Regulated Transcription
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA2: TAC
Transcribe the above DNA template into an mRNA:
mRNA: UAC
Amino Acids:
tRNA:
transcription
Translation: mRNAprotein• Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle• Occurs at the ribosome as it
– reads the mRNA codons
– Matches codons to amino acids
– Prompts tRNA to bring a.a.
– Attaches a.a. with peptide bonds
DNA to Protein 2
PP Synthesis Walkthrough
Translation• tRNA anticodon is
complimentary to mRNA codon
• tRNA is specific to the amino acid it brings
• Peptide bonds connect amino acids to form polypeptide (protein)
Translation Basic Translation Advanced Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis 2 Translation the Movie
Protein Synthesis = Transcription + Translation = DNA proteins
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA: TAC
mRNA (codons): UAC
Translate the above mRNA strand into an amino
acid sequence (protein)
Amino Acids: Tyrosine
tRNA (anticodons):
translation
• Watch RNAi Online: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/02.html
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA: TAC
mRNA (codons): UAC
Amino Acids: Tyrosine
What are the anticodons on the tRNA for the above strands?
tRNA (anticodons): AUG
To summarize…
Protein Synthesis
Mistakes/Mutations
• Mutation any permanent alteration in the sequence of DNA bases
• Mutagen causes a mutation i.e. chemicals, radiation, spontaneous– Point mutations can result in
frameshifts in the reading frame
– Chromosomal mutations can result in translocations
– Immortal Thread
Mistakes/Mutations• Silent mutation change in
n.t. sequence, but no change in product
• Missense mutation swapping of a.a. (sickle cell anemia, PKU)
• Nonsense mutation insertion of stop codon into sequence– Mutations & Sickle Cell, 2– How Cancer Grows, 2– Evolutionary Arms Race:
HIV Resistance, 2
G
Silent Mutation
DNA Technology & ApplicationsWhat is the GPS & element?
Medicine Agriculture Forensics
What are some uses?
•Finding Disease Genes
•Gene therapy•Drugs•Biological Warfare•Genetic Testing Ethics
•GMOs– The Right to Know– A Silent Forest
•Classical vs Transgenic Breeding
•Bioremediation•Biofuels
•Crime Scene Investigation
•Genealogy
What are some examples
•Bioengineering Body Parts
•RNAi Therapy•Breast Cancer•Alzheimer's Disease•Plasmids & Protein
•Bt Corn•Super Salmon, 2•Harvest of Fear•Babies by Design?•Transgenic Mouse
•The Killer’s Trail•Forensic Anthropology: Immigration
•Laetoli Footprints
What are some pros?
What are some cons?
• DNA Learning Center: 3D Animations• Genetics Movies: • DNA Tutorial: • Bacterial Replication Animations: • Telomere Synthesis (shortening of linear chromosomes): • Gene Processing• Replication Animations: • Gene Expression Animations:• Gene Technology:• DNA the Secret of Life Video• Cracking the Code of Life Video • Beadle-Tatum Experiments (one gene, one pp)• Protein Synthesis Tutorial
Resources
Recommended