1
BG (P) David FastabendDirector, Concepts Development and Experimentation
Futures Center, US Army Training and Doctrine Command
Diverging Views on MilitaryTransformation
Transformation Concepts for CoalitionOperations
2
Future Operating Environment ! Concepts
Capabilities Doctrine Organization Training Leader Development Personnel Material Facilities
Concepts ! Wargaming, Experimentation
Concepts (& Theory) Do Not Equal Doctrine
3
Future Operating EnvironmentAdversary Intent
• Act Quickly• Block Points of Entry• Disperse & Hide• Protect Key Assets• Present Complex Threats in Complex Environments
4
The Anti-access ChallengeLine of Sight Anti-Tank
5
Coalition
XXX
ISR SatelliteCommercialComms Satellite
MilitaryComms Satellite
CAS
SOF
UAX
SPODTSV
(Sealift) Theater Airlift
Joint Fires
APODSBCT
X
JTF HQ
UEX
DCP1UA
XUAX
UEX
MCG
JFACC BattleManagement / C3I Army ISRArmy ISR
AircraftAircraft
JointISR
UA
XUSMC
X
Operational Maneuver from Strategic Distances
Network-Enabled Battle Command
Distributed Support and Sustainment
JOpsC Capabilities• Common Understanding• Decision Superiority• Adaptive• Rapid Employment• Continuous Pressure• Disrupt the Adversary• Distributed Deployment -Employment - Sustainment• Interagency & Multinational
SPOD
Decisive Maneuver: Direct Attack of Decisive Points Simultaneous, Distributed Operations Continuous Operations; Controlled Optempo
CAS
Joint Fires
Entry and Shaping Operations
Joint ISRJoint ISRUAVUAV
X
FIRESHeavy
BCT UA
X
Concurrent and SubsequentStability Operations
IntratheaterOperational
Maneuver
JTF Stability
MVREN
XSUSTAIN
MENT
X
KEY IDEAS The Army in Joint Operations
6
Things We “Know” About Coalition Operations ….
“The US Army will conduct unilateral operationswithout any coalition participation …”
“Army concepts do not address multinationaloperations …”
“Hybrid coalition operations with theArmy Future Force will be impossible …”
“Multinational partners do not have thetechnology …”
“Multinational partners do not have thecapability …”
“These problems will get worse and worse …”
Coalitions: - aggregate military power - bring essential political benefits
Future Force will also be hybrid
International defense industry is: - competitive - in some cases superior
Multinational partners bring keycomplementary capabilities
Not true … (anymore)
IT may solve problems … fasterthan it creates them
7
CommonInformation Model
C2IEDM
Staffofficer
Staffofficer
Commander
Common understanding
Automated informationexchange
Shared tactical picture
Effective C2 for international operations
Collaboration
C2IEDM
Commander
NationalImplementation
DEMMEM
MCI MCI
MIP ConceptMIP Concept
8
Data Replication Concept
Nat. DB
LC2IEDM LC2IEDM
Nat. DB
MIP Common InterfaceNat.
Comms.Nat.
Comms.
{101}A05{206010001207770023|7|R05{206010001207770….PDUUser Terminal User Terminal
En. En. ArmoredArmored Bat in 30TXM200123 Bat in 30TXM200123
II II
NationalNational C2IS C2IS NationalNational C2IS C2IS
Ethernet LAN
9
Transformation Challenges ofCoalition Operations
Transformation Challenges ofCoalition Operations
Strategic• Unity of Purpose• Divergent Strategies
Operational• Conceptual Approaches• Integration
• Joint• Multinational• Interagency
• Deployment Synchronization• Planning for Employment ofDisparate Capabilities
Tactical• Interoperability• Language• Rules of Engagement
All Levels• Network Enabled BattleCommand• Intelligence Sharing• Information Operations
10
“The strategic commitment of US forces willslow down US transformation … “
War stimulates adaptive societies …
The US military is an adaptive society …
Our rate of change is accelerating, not slowing down …
A Final Myth …
11
Soldier
Current Future
Modularity
Rebalancing
Rapid Equipping Force
Combat Training Center
Future Force Concept
Joint Interdependencies
Transformation ChallengeTransformation Challenge
MultinationalInteroperability
Programme
12
QUESTIONS
13
100K+ of Restructuring" FY 04--09 ~ 30K (Civil Affairs, PSYOP, Chemical, SOF, Intel, MP)
"FY 05-08 ~ 10K (MP, Trans, QM)
"FY 05-11 ~ 85K + (Ongoing Rebalancing Efforts)#USAR & ARNG TTHS Accounts#AC High Demand Unit Increases
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Military PoliceTransportationPOL/Water Dist.Civil Affairs PSYOP BIDs COs
Decrease IncreaseField Artillery BnsAir Defense BnsEngineer BnsArmor BnsOrdnance (Bn – Tm)
100K+ of ChangeFY 04 - 11
– Divesting Cold Warstructure to enableGWOT capability
– More AC CS/CSS forfirst 30 Days of anoperation
– Relieve stress onHD/LD units
– Improve readinessand deployability ofunits
– Execute Military toCivilian Conversions
Transforming Cold War mass to GWOT versatility
#ALO 1 (100% Manning/Authorization = Requirements)#100% Deployable Units – Policy Changes
CSA Focus Area
Adapting Army StructureAdapting Army Structure
14
MIP Solution -Exchange Services
INTERNATIONALMIP SPECIFICATION
(Lingua Franca)
MCINATIONAL
CCIS
• System-independent IER• IP-based Comm• DB-DB Replication Services• C2 Interface
NATIONAL
LC2IEDM LC2IEDMMCI
NATIONAL
15
(VIDEO)
16
Multinational Coalitions. In conflicts more characterized by ideological disputes than nation-statecombat, multinational coalitions will be frequent and increasingly dynamic, but hindered in theirformation by differing perceptions of the threat. Managing this tension will require extensiveengagement with regional partners, whose response to US initiatives will often be situationally-based. Effective harmonization will become more difficult in the future, especially given the trendtoward assembling ad hoc coalitions to deal with crises. While solutions to this challenge arebeyond the scope of a service concept, five observations are pertinent:
• During the period addressed by this concept, we should expect only relatively modest overallimprovement of coalition integration -- even among America’s closest military allies. Evendiscounting political and cultural obstacles, it will be unreasonable to expect others to conformto U.S. practices in the absence of equivalent material capabilities.• Given that reality, the core requirement will be to organize, train, and equip US joint forces,especially the Army, to accommodate the limitations of our multi–national partners,separating responsibilities geographically, and where politically acceptable, employingdivision of labor among battle tasks and functions.• Integration efforts will be especially productive in the areas of C2, communications, andinformation sharing, although commensurate requirements for multi-level security,collaborative planning, and common data standards must be resolved.• The use of liaison teams, flexible technical C2 interfaces, and leaders trained andexperienced in multinational operations will continue to be relevant.• Finally, because most potential coalition partners are unlikely to possess significant air, sea,or space capabilities, the primary need will remain the integration of ground forces. TheArmy’s need for the associated integration resources will continue to grow.
17
$ Integrated program toprovide balance for theSoldier and everything worn,carried, or consumed
$ Improves 5 specificcapabilities – lethality,survivability, mobility,sustainment, and battlecommand / situationalawareness
$ Consolidates 300+ separaterequirements documentsinto 4 CapabilityDevelopments Documents
Soldier as a SystemSoldier as a System
18
Modular OrganizationsModular Organizations
10 X 43- 48 X
• Optimized for Specific Missions ---------- Standard, Broad, Embedded Capabilities• Army-Centric ----------------------------------- Inherently Linked to Other Services• Independent ------------------------------------ Independent, More Self-contained unit• Support from Corps/Army level ----------- UEx Augmented by Support Brigades• Division Logistics/Aviation Units --------- Support Bdes: Aviation, Sustainment, etc.
(Armored Division Shown) (Heavy BCT Shown)
FROM: An Army based around 10large, powerful, fixed AC divisions
XX Division Division
TO: An Army designed around 43- 48more self-contained AC brigades
. . . and modular multi-functional Support Brigades
XBrigadeBrigade
CombinedArms
ArmedRecon
CombinedArms
Fires Intelligence Engineer
MP/SecuritySignal Logistics
MP/Security
Chemical
Aviation Fires Sustainment RSTA MNVREN
Reconnaissance,Surveillance, andTarget Acquisition
ManeuverEnhancement
Field Artillery
Military Police
Intelligence
Engineers
ChemicalDivisionTroops
Aviation
MechanizedBrigade
LogisticsSupport
Division Cav (Recon) Signal
Armor BrigadeArmor Brigade
A More Ready and Relevant Force
19
Rapid Equipping ForceRapid Equipping ForceMission: Provide operational commanders with rapidlyemployable solutions to enhance lethality, survivabilityand force protection.
20
$ Experience entire campaign process - RSOI, Major Combat Ops,Stability Ops
$ Maintaining CTC relevance:– Landscape
• MOUT and Urban sprawl• Tunnels and caves
– Culture• NGOs• Media• Arabic names• Arab/American role players• Negotiation training ICW DLI
– OPFOR• Improved Explosive Devices• Technical vehicles• Paramilitary• MILES capable RPGs
– Training• OC visits• Convoy Live Fire
Combat Training CentersCombat Training Centers
21
Future Combat Systems■■■■ Manned Systems ■■■■ Unmanned Air Vehicles
Class II Class III Class IVClass I
Armed Robotic VehicleARV RSTAARV Aslt
ARV-A (L)
Small(Manpackable)UGV
Command andControl Vehicle
Non-Line of Sight Cannon Non-Line of Sight Mortar
FCS Recovery andMaintenance Vehicle
Medical Treatmentand Evacuation
Recon andSurveillance Vehicle
• UnattendedGround Sensors
■■■■ Unmanned Ground Vehicles
• UnattendedMunitions
• NLOS LS• Intelligent
MunitionsSystem
Infantry CarrierVehicle
MountedCombat System
MULE:(Countermine)
MULE:(Transport)
22
Joint Battle CommandJoint Fires and EffectsJoint Force ProjectionJoint Air and Missile DefenseJoint Sustainment
EASY TO DO BUSINESS WITH (ETDBW)
OOOO
YYYY
QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENTCOMMERCIAL BEST PRACTICES
PROCESS MANAGEMENT / IMPROVEMENT
USMC
Joint Interdependency
JointTransformation
USA
USN
USAF
SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND
Joint InterdependencyJoint Interdependency
23
FCS MainProgram
UA UnitSet
Fielding
Spiral 1integration
Spiral 2integration
Spiral 3integration
ContinuedDevelopment
ContinuedDevelopment
Spiral 4integration
FCS UAThres/Obj
Spec
ContinuedDevelopment
Spiral 1 Spiral 2 Spiral 3“Production”
DecisionSpiral 4
Assess
Assess
Initial Product & Post Deployment Support, Including architectural integrity, CM, Commodity &SW support
Initial Product & Post Deployment Support, Including architectural integrity, CM, Commodity &SW support
M-BCTs Fielding
Assess
Assess
EVAL
E-BCT
Feedback
Support to E-BCT
EVAL
EVAL
EVAL
FCS Revised ProgramM-BCTs M-BCTs
OT, Field, SustainmentOT, Field, Sustainment
E-BCT
E-BCT
E-BCT
24
+
Acceleration Strategy
FY04 FY08 FY10 FY12
Army BDEPending FY 06 DecisionModular ConstructEvaluation BCTBCT w/ Spiraled CapabilitiesFCS UA
BCTs
Unattended Ground SensorsNLOS–Launch System
Intelligent Munitions SystemNLOS-Cannon (Pre-Production)
Comms Relay PayloadEnhanced EO/IR/LD (UAV)
UAVsNLOS-Cannon (Block 0)
Unmanned Ground Vehicles
+ +FCSProcured in POM 06-11
M-BCTs
FCS CoreSystems /
Capabilities
4 of 18
Spiral 1 Spiral 3Spiral 2
DCGS-AWIN-T
CRP Platform
+MBCOTMWIN-T(-)
ComplementarySystems (+)
GSTAMIDSGCSS-A
Movement Tracking System
ISR
Sensorto
Shooter
C2
AH-64 BLK IIILLDR/MK VII
Q36Excalibur
Shadow PIP
JTRS CL 1JTRS CL 5C2PC / JC2
M-BCTs
3 of 18
ACSER/MP
Armed UAV
CDA (Soldier) A2C2S
Combat ID
+
- 3 Variants
E
(08/43)
EEE
“NETW
OR
K”
M-BCTs
7 of 18 (32/43)18 of 18
Fusion
SOSCOE
(20/43)
LimitedFusion
SOSCOE
M-BCTs
(01/43)
CommsRelay
NetworkData LinkSOSCOE
(11/36)
1)Wide Band Network Waveform2)Soldier Radio Waveform3)Integrated Computer System
System Of SystemCommon Operating Environment (SOSCOE)
FY14Battle Command
Global Information Grid
Spiral 4
25
21 3L1
L1L1 L1
L1 L1L1
S2 S2 S2
S2 S2
S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2
S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2S2 S2
S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3
L4
“NETW
OR
K”
•+ + +
FCS
M-UAsM-BCTs M-UAsM-BCTs M-BCTs M-BCTs
18 of 18
FCS Core Systems
3 of 18 4 of 18 7 of 18
E E
FY08Spiral 1
FY12Spiral 3
FY14Spiral 4
FY10Spiral 2
E
Army Bde’sModular ConstructEvaluation BCT
UA w/ Spiraled CapabilitiesFCS UA
E
Army Bde’sModular Construct
UA w/ Spiraled CapabilitiesFCS UA (-)
E
FY 08 Spiral 1
Protos withEval BCT
Acceleration Process
S1S1
S1S1 S1
S1S1
S2 S2 S2S2 S2
S2S2 S2S2
S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3
S3 S3 S3
S3 S3 S3S3 S3 S3
S3 S3 S3
S3 S3
S3 S3
S2 S2 S2S2 S2 S2S2 S2
S2 S2
FY 14 Spiral 1, 2, 3All Prod withEval BCT (–)UA Battalion
FY 14 Spiral 1,
2 &Startingin FY 15,Spiral 3
Prod withM-BCTs
FY 12 Spiral 1, 2 Prod
and Spiral 3Protos withEval BCT
Starting inFY 12
Spiral 1 &2 Prod with
M-BCTs
FY 10 Spiral 1 Prodand Spiral 2Protos withEval BCT
Startingin FY 10 Spiral 1
Prod withM-BCTs
Pending FY06 Decision