LabVolt Series
Datasheet
Digital Communications Training Systems8085-00
Festo Didactic
en 120 V - 60 Hz
04/2020
Digital Communications Training Systems, LabVolt Series
2 © Festo Didactic
Table of ContentsGeneral Description ________________________________________________________________________________ 2Topic Coverage____________________________________________________________________________________ 3Features & Benefits ________________________________________________________________________________ 3List of Available Training Systems ____________________________________________________________________ 3Optional Equipment ________________________________________________________________________________ 3Optional Manual(s) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4Available Training Systems __________________________________________________________________________ 4Equipment Description ____________________________________________________________________________ 12Optional Equipment Description_____________________________________________________________________ 33
General DescriptionThe Digital Communications Training Systems form a complete and operational communications program, as well as a powerful educational tool. They use IC technology to implement signal modulators and demodulators that operate at standards employed in digital communications technology.
The systems are equipped with various features that enhance hands-on learning: easy access to test points, fault-insertion switches, safety shielding and full short-circuit protection, silk-screened block diagrams and component labels, and fully-integrated courseware. The Digital Communications Training Systems allow instructors to achieve a wide range of educational objectives at various levels.
The modularity of the systems allows students to quickly assemble a functioning communications network by using coaxial cables. Fully compatible signal levels and protocols are fed among modules from front panel connection points. Because the system is composed of prewired, functioning modules and connections between modules are made with shielded cables, the routing and trimming of student connections do not affect system performance and measurements. Important test points or test busses are brought out to 9-pin connectors on the front panels of modules for easy access.
The courseware included with the Digital Communications Training Systems guides students through hands-on exercises in voltage and signal measurements, alignment, calibration, and signal tracing. Clearly stated objectives, background discussions, step-by-step procedures, and review questions are included in each self-contained exercise. A troubleshooting unit included at the end of each volume enables instructors to use fault insertion switches that introduce malfunctions at the module and system levels.
The instructional modules are supported by sixteen different instrumentation modules that are separated into two groups. The first group comprises instrumentation modules that are identical to those used in the Analog Communications Training System, Series 8080. These are:
• Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401• Dual Function Generator, Model 9402• Frequency Counter, Model 9403• True RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter, Model 9404• Spectrum Analyzer, Model 9405• RF / Noise Generator, Model 9406
The second group includes the following ten instrumentation modules that are specific to the Digital Communications Training System:
• Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420• Clock Generator, Model 9421
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• Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator, Model 9422• Bit Error Rate Indicator, Model 9423• Logic Analyzer, Model 9424• DC Voltmeter / DC Source, Model 9425• Low Pass Audio Filter, Model 9426• Synchronous Audio Generator, Model 9427• Signal Interruptor/Selector, Model 9428• Noise Measurement Filters, Model 9429
The Frequency Counter, True RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter, and Spectrum Analyzer mentioned above can be replaced with the Data Acquisition and Management for Telecommunications (LVDAM-COM), Model 9407. The LVDAM-COM system provides modern and versatile equipment for measuring, observing, and analyzing signals in telecommunications systems. It consists of a set of computer-based instruments running on a personal
computer under the Microsoft® Windows operating environment. The LVDAM-COM system also includes a dual trace oscilloscope with a 40 MHz bandwidth.
Topic Coverage
• Pulse Modulation and Sampling• Digital Modulation• Modems and Data Transmission• Troubleshooting
Features & Benefits
• Uses IC technology to implement signal modulators and demodulators• Correlated courseware guides students through hands-on exercises in voltage and signal measurements, alignment,
calibration, and signal tracing• Equipment protected short-circuit and over-voltage• One of the most comprehensive of its kind in the marketplace• Modular system with switches to insert faults and teach troubleshooting• Silk-screened block diagrams and component labels• LVSIM-DCOM software program also available• Estimated entire program duration: 170 hours
List of Available Training Systems
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Digital Communications Training System ___________________________________________ 582001 (8085-10)1 Digital Communications Add-On __________________________________________________ 582008 (8085-30)1 Digital Communications Training System with LVDAM-COM ____________________________ 582018 (8085-B0)
Optional Equipment
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Dual Trace Oscilloscope __________________________________________________________ 580849 (797-20)1 FM/PM Receiver _______________________________________________________________ 581589 (9415-10)1 Baseband Channel / Brickwall Filter _______________________________________________ 581632 (9435-00)1 Time Division Multiplexer ________________________________________________________ 581674 (9460-00)
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Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Time Division Demultiplexer ______________________________________________________ 581677 (9461-00)1 T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver _______________________________________________________ 581680 (9462-00)1 Clock Recovery ________________________________________________________________ 581683 (9463-00)1 Line Coder ____________________________________________________________________ 581686 (9464-00)1 Line Decoder __________________________________________________________________ 581689 (9465-00)1 Dust Cover (Modules) ___________________________________________________________ 587452 (9494-00)1 Dust Cover (Module Rack) _______________________________________________________ 587453 (9494-10)
Optional Manual(s)
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Baseband Data Transmission (Student Manual) _____________________________________ 584025 (29510-00)
Available Training Systems
Digital Communications Training System582001 (8085-10)
The Digital Communications Training System consists of thirteen instructional modules supported by sixteen instrumentation modules. The instructional modules offer hands-on training in the following digital communications techniques:
• Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
• Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)• Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)• Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)• Delta and Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) Modulation• Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)• Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)• Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Optional instructional modules can be added to the Digital Communications Training System to study baseband data transmission. These instructional modules allow hands-on training in the following techniques:
• Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)• Serial data transmission over T1/CEPT links• Line coding and decoding (duobinary, biphase, NRZ, RZ, AMI, CMI, B3ZS, and HDB3 codes)• Clock recovery
List of Equipment
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Cables and Accessories - Digital Telecommunications _________________________________ 581540 (8949-10)
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Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier ______________________________________________ 581542 (9401-00)1 Dual Function Generator _________________________________________________________ 581549 (9402-10)1 Frequency Counter _____________________________________________________________ 581552 (9403-00)1 True RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter _______________________________________________ 581555 (9404-10)1 RF/Noise Generator ____________________________________________________________ 581561 (9406-00)2 Enclosure / Supply Regulator ____________________________________________________ 581592 (9420-00)1 Clock Generator ________________________________________________________________ 581593 (9421-00)1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator ________________________________________ 581596 (9422-00)1 Bit Error Rate Indicator __________________________________________________________ 581599 (9423-00)1 Logic Analyzer _________________________________________________________________ 581602 (9424-00)1 DC Voltmeter / DC Source _______________________________________________________ 581605 (9425-00)2 Low Pass Audio Filter ___________________________________________________________ 581608 (9426-00)1 Synchronous Audio Generator ____________________________________________________ 581611 (9427-00)1 Signal Interruptor/Selector ______________________________________________________ 581614 (9428-00)1 Noise Measurement Filters _______________________________________________________ 581617 (9429-00)1 PAM/ASK Generator ____________________________________________________________ 581635 (9440-00)1 PAM/ASK Receiver _____________________________________________________________ 581638 (9441-00)1 PWM/PPM Generator ___________________________________________________________ 581641 (9442-00)1 PWM/PPM Receiver ____________________________________________________________ 581644 (9443-00)1 PCM Encoder __________________________________________________________________ 581647 (9444-00)1 PCM Decoder __________________________________________________________________ 581650 (9445-00)1 DPCM Encoder _________________________________________________________________ 581653 (9446-00)1 DPCM Decoder ________________________________________________________________ 581656 (9447-00)1 FSK Modem ___________________________________________________________________ 581659 (9449-00)1 BPSK Modulator _______________________________________________________________ 581662 (9450-00)1 BPSK Demodulator _____________________________________________________________ 581665 (9451-00)1 Delta/CVSD Encoder ____________________________________________________________ 581668 (9454-00)1 Delta/CVSD Decoder ___________________________________________________________ 581671 (9455-00)1 Storage Cabinet ________________________________________________________________ 581798 (9499-00)
List of Manuals
DescriptionManual number
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580255 (27695-00)Digital Communications (Instructor Guide) _____________________________________________ 580259 (27695-10)Digital Modulation (Student Manual) _________________________________________________ 580264 (27696-00)Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580272 (27697-00)
Table of Contents of the Manual(s)
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) (580255 (27695-00))• 1-1 Time Characteristics of Pulses• 1-2 Frequency Characteristics of Pulses• 1-3 Band-Limiting• 1-4 Noise and Signal Measurement• 2-1 PAM Signals
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• 2-2 Spectral Characteristics of PAM Signals• 2-3 Aliasing and Nyquist Rate• 2-4 Pre-filtering• 3-1 PAM Signal Demodulation• 3-2 Aliasing• 3-3 PAM Signal Transmission in the Presence of Noise• 4-1 PWM and PPM Signals• 4-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on Pulse-Time Modulated Signals• 5-1 PWM and PPM Signal Demodulation• 5-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on PWM / PPM Signal Demodulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting Techniques• 6-2 Troubleshooting the PAM Receiver• 6-3 Troubleshooting a PAM Communications System• 6-4 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Generator• 6-5 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Receiver• 6-6 Troubleshooting a PWM / PPM Communications System
Digital Modulation (Student Manual) (580264 (27696-00))• 1-1 Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers• 1-2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion• 1-3 Digital-to-Analog Conversion• 2-1 Distortion in PCM Systems• 2-2 Characteristics of Quantization Noise• 2-3 Quantization Noise Measurement• 3-1 Information Transmission with a PCM System• 3-2 Resistance of PCM to Noise and Distortion• 3-3 Effect of μ-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 3-4 Effect of A-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 4-1 Principles of a DPCM System• 4-2 Dynamic Operation of a DPCM System• 5-1 A Linear Delta Modulation (LDM) System• 5-2 An Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) System• 5-3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Delta Modulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting a PCM Communications Systems• 6-2 Troubleshooting a DPCM Communications Systems• 6-3 Troubleshooting a DM Communications Systems
Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) (580272 (27697-00))• 1-1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences• 1-2 Detection of NRZ Signals in Noise• 2-1 Generation and Reception of ASK Signals• 2-2 ASK Performance in Noise• 3-1 FSK Principles• 3-2 FSK Performance in Noise• 4-1 CCITT V.21 and Bell 103 Modems (300 baud)• 4-2 CCITT V.23 Mode 2 Modem (1200 baud)• 4-3 Bell 202 Modem (1200 baud)• 5-1 Generation and Demodulation of BPSK Signals
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• 5-2 BPSK Performance in Noise• 6-1 Troubleshooting an ASK Communications System• 6-2 Troubleshooting a FSK Modem• 6-3 Troubleshooting a BPSK Communication System
System SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement 600 W
Physical Characteristics
Net Weight 113.7 kg (250.7 lb)
Space required per system 1.16 m² (12.5 ft²)
Digital Communications Add-On582008 (8085-30)
The Digital Communications Add-On is an add-on to the Analog Communications Training System, Model 8080-0 that enables users to perform the exercises in the Digital Communications courseware. Since both the Digital Communications and Analog Communications Training Systems share the same basic
equipment, this add-on is ideal to avoid any unnecessary duplication of equipment.
List of Equipment
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Cables and Accessories - Digital Communications Add-On _____________________________ 581541 (8949-30)2 Enclosure / Supply Regulator ____________________________________________________ 581592 (9420-00)1 Clock Generator ________________________________________________________________ 581593 (9421-00)1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator ________________________________________ 581596 (9422-00)1 Bit Error Rate Indicator __________________________________________________________ 581599 (9423-00)1 Logic Analyzer _________________________________________________________________ 581602 (9424-00)1 DC Voltmeter / DC Source _______________________________________________________ 581605 (9425-00)2 Low Pass Audio Filter ___________________________________________________________ 581608 (9426-00)1 Synchronous Audio Generator ____________________________________________________ 581611 (9427-00)1 Signal Interruptor/Selector ______________________________________________________ 581614 (9428-00)1 Noise Measurement Filters _______________________________________________________ 581617 (9429-00)1 PAM/ASK Generator ____________________________________________________________ 581635 (9440-00)1 PAM/ASK Receiver _____________________________________________________________ 581638 (9441-00)1 PWM/PPM Generator ___________________________________________________________ 581641 (9442-00)1 PWM/PPM Receiver ____________________________________________________________ 581644 (9443-00)1 PCM Encoder __________________________________________________________________ 581647 (9444-00)1 PCM Decoder __________________________________________________________________ 581650 (9445-00)1 DPCM Encoder _________________________________________________________________ 581653 (9446-00)1 DPCM Decoder ________________________________________________________________ 581656 (9447-00)1 FSK Modem ___________________________________________________________________ 581659 (9449-00)1 BPSK Modulator _______________________________________________________________ 581662 (9450-00)
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Qty DescriptionModel number
1 BPSK Demodulator _____________________________________________________________ 581665 (9451-00)1 Delta/CVSD Encoder ____________________________________________________________ 581668 (9454-00)1 Delta/CVSD Decoder ___________________________________________________________ 581671 (9455-00)1 Storage Cabinet ________________________________________________________________ 581798 (9499-00)
List of Manuals
DescriptionManual number
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580255 (27695-00)Digital Communications (Instructor Guide) _____________________________________________ 580259 (27695-10)Digital Modulation (Student Manual) _________________________________________________ 580264 (27696-00)Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580272 (27697-00)
Table of Contents of the Manual(s)
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) (580255 (27695-00))• 1-1 Time Characteristics of Pulses• 1-2 Frequency Characteristics of Pulses• 1-3 Band-Limiting• 1-4 Noise and Signal Measurement• 2-1 PAM Signals• 2-2 Spectral Characteristics of PAM Signals• 2-3 Aliasing and Nyquist Rate• 2-4 Pre-filtering• 3-1 PAM Signal Demodulation• 3-2 Aliasing• 3-3 PAM Signal Transmission in the Presence of Noise• 4-1 PWM and PPM Signals• 4-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on Pulse-Time Modulated Signals• 5-1 PWM and PPM Signal Demodulation• 5-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on PWM / PPM Signal Demodulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting Techniques• 6-2 Troubleshooting the PAM Receiver• 6-3 Troubleshooting a PAM Communications System• 6-4 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Generator• 6-5 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Receiver• 6-6 Troubleshooting a PWM / PPM Communications System
Digital Modulation (Student Manual) (580264 (27696-00))• 1-1 Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers• 1-2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion• 1-3 Digital-to-Analog Conversion• 2-1 Distortion in PCM Systems• 2-2 Characteristics of Quantization Noise• 2-3 Quantization Noise Measurement• 3-1 Information Transmission with a PCM System
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• 3-2 Resistance of PCM to Noise and Distortion• 3-3 Effect of μ-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 3-4 Effect of A-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 4-1 Principles of a DPCM System• 4-2 Dynamic Operation of a DPCM System• 5-1 A Linear Delta Modulation (LDM) System• 5-2 An Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) System• 5-3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Delta Modulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting a PCM Communications Systems• 6-2 Troubleshooting a DPCM Communications Systems• 6-3 Troubleshooting a DM Communications Systems
Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) (580272 (27697-00))• 1-1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences• 1-2 Detection of NRZ Signals in Noise• 2-1 Generation and Reception of ASK Signals• 2-2 ASK Performance in Noise• 3-1 FSK Principles• 3-2 FSK Performance in Noise• 4-1 CCITT V.21 and Bell 103 Modems (300 baud)• 4-2 CCITT V.23 Mode 2 Modem (1200 baud)• 4-3 Bell 202 Modem (1200 baud)• 5-1 Generation and Demodulation of BPSK Signals• 5-2 BPSK Performance in Noise• 6-1 Troubleshooting an ASK Communications System• 6-2 Troubleshooting a FSK Modem• 6-3 Troubleshooting a BPSK Communication System
System SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement 600 W
Physical Characteristics
Net Weight 113.7 kg (250.7 lb)
Space required per system 1.16 m² (12.5 ft²)
Digital Communications Training System with LVDAM-COM582018 (8085-B0)
The Digital Communications Training System with LVDAM-COM provides modern and versatile equipment for measuring, observing, and analyzing signals in telecommunications systems. The LVDAM-COM system consists of a set of computer-based
instruments running on an IBM® -
compatible personal computer under the Microsoft® Windows operating environment. It can replace the Frequency Counter, True RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter, and Spectrum Analyzer. The LVDAM-COM system also includes a dual trace oscilloscope with a 40 MHz bandwidth.
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List of Equipment
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Cables and Accessories - Digital Telecommunications _________________________________ 581540 (8949-10)1 Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier ______________________________________________ 581542 (9401-00)1 Dual Function Generator _________________________________________________________ 581549 (9402-10)1 RF/Noise Generator ____________________________________________________________ 581561 (9406-00)2 Enclosure / Supply Regulator ____________________________________________________ 581592 (9420-00)1 Clock Generator ________________________________________________________________ 581593 (9421-00)1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator ________________________________________ 581596 (9422-00)1 Bit Error Rate Indicator __________________________________________________________ 581599 (9423-00)1 Logic Analyzer _________________________________________________________________ 581602 (9424-00)1 DC Voltmeter / DC Source _______________________________________________________ 581605 (9425-00)2 Low Pass Audio Filter ___________________________________________________________ 581608 (9426-00)1 Synchronous Audio Generator ____________________________________________________ 581611 (9427-00)1 Signal Interruptor/Selector ______________________________________________________ 581614 (9428-00)1 Noise Measurement Filters _______________________________________________________ 581617 (9429-00)1 PAM/ASK Generator ____________________________________________________________ 581635 (9440-00)1 PAM/ASK Receiver _____________________________________________________________ 581638 (9441-00)1 PWM/PPM Generator ___________________________________________________________ 581641 (9442-00)1 PWM/PPM Receiver ____________________________________________________________ 581644 (9443-00)1 PCM Encoder __________________________________________________________________ 581647 (9444-00)1 PCM Decoder __________________________________________________________________ 581650 (9445-00)1 DPCM Encoder _________________________________________________________________ 581653 (9446-00)1 DPCM Decoder ________________________________________________________________ 581656 (9447-00)1 FSK Modem ___________________________________________________________________ 581659 (9449-00)1 BPSK Modulator _______________________________________________________________ 581662 (9450-00)1 BPSK Demodulator _____________________________________________________________ 581665 (9451-00)1 Delta/CVSD Encoder ____________________________________________________________ 581668 (9454-00)1 Delta/CVSD Decoder ___________________________________________________________ 581671 (9455-00)1 Storage Cabinet ________________________________________________________________ 581798 (9499-00)
List of Manuals
DescriptionManual number
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580255 (27695-00)Digital Communications (Instructor Guide) _____________________________________________ 580259 (27695-10)Digital Modulation (Student Manual) _________________________________________________ 580264 (27696-00)Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) ______________________________________ 580272 (27697-00)Data Acquisition and Management System (User Guide) __________________________________ 584229 (31498-E0)Computer-Based Instruments (User Guide) ____________________________________________ 584393 (36220-E0)Virtual Test Equipment Interface (Instruction Manual) ____________________________________590054 (31559-D0)
Table of Contents of the Manual(s)
Pulse Modulation and Sampling (Student Manual) (580255 (27695-00))• 1-1 Time Characteristics of Pulses• 1-2 Frequency Characteristics of Pulses
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• 1-3 Band-Limiting• 1-4 Noise and Signal Measurement• 2-1 PAM Signals• 2-2 Spectral Characteristics of PAM Signals• 2-3 Aliasing and Nyquist Rate• 2-4 Pre-filtering• 3-1 PAM Signal Demodulation• 3-2 Aliasing• 3-3 PAM Signal Transmission in the Presence of Noise• 4-1 PWM and PPM Signals• 4-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on Pulse-Time Modulated Signals• 5-1 PWM and PPM Signal Demodulation• 5-2 The Effects of Noise and Band-Limiting on PWM / PPM Signal Demodulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting Techniques• 6-2 Troubleshooting the PAM Receiver• 6-3 Troubleshooting a PAM Communications System• 6-4 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Generator• 6-5 Troubleshooting the PWM / PPM Receiver• 6-6 Troubleshooting a PWM / PPM Communications System
Digital Modulation (Student Manual) (580264 (27696-00))• 1-1 Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers• 1-2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion• 1-3 Digital-to-Analog Conversion• 2-1 Distortion in PCM Systems• 2-2 Characteristics of Quantization Noise• 2-3 Quantization Noise Measurement• 3-1 Information Transmission with a PCM System• 3-2 Resistance of PCM to Noise and Distortion• 3-3 Effect of μ-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 3-4 Effect of A-Law Companding on the Performance of a PCM System• 4-1 Principles of a DPCM System• 4-2 Dynamic Operation of a DPCM System• 5-1 A Linear Delta Modulation (LDM) System• 5-2 An Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) System• 5-3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Delta Modulation• 6-1 Troubleshooting a PCM Communications Systems• 6-2 Troubleshooting a DPCM Communications Systems• 6-3 Troubleshooting a DM Communications Systems
Modems and Data Transmission (Student Manual) (580272 (27697-00))• 1-1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences• 1-2 Detection of NRZ Signals in Noise• 2-1 Generation and Reception of ASK Signals• 2-2 ASK Performance in Noise• 3-1 FSK Principles• 3-2 FSK Performance in Noise
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1 Refer to the Computer Requirements in the System Specifications section of this datasheet if the computer is to be provided by the end-user.
• 4-1 CCITT V.21 and Bell 103 Modems (300 baud)• 4-2 CCITT V.23 Mode 2 Modem (1200 baud)• 4-3 Bell 202 Modem (1200 baud)• 5-1 Generation and Demodulation of BPSK Signals• 5-2 BPSK Performance in Noise• 6-1 Troubleshooting an ASK Communications System• 6-2 Troubleshooting a FSK Modem• 6-3 Troubleshooting a BPSK Communication System
Computer-Based Instruments (User Guide) (584393 (36220-E0))• 1 Familiarization with the True RMS Voltmeter and Frequency Counter• 2 Familiarization with the Oscilloscope• 3 Familiarization with the Spectrum Analyzer
Additional Equipment Required to Perform the Exercises
Qty DescriptionModel number
1 Personal Computer _____________________________________________________________ 579785 (8990-00)
System SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement 600 W
Physical Characteristics
Net Weight 113.7 kg (250.7 lb)
Space required per system 1.16 m² (12.5 ft²)
Equipment Description
Cables and Accessories - Digital Telecommunications 581540 (8949-10)
The Cables and Accessories - Digital Telecommunications set contains the various cables and accessories required to perform the exercises in the courseware. The accessories package contains the following parts: three different lengths of coaxial
cables terminated with BNC connectors , whip, pigtail, and folded dipole antennas, BNC T-connectors, resistive loads with BNC connectors, headset. These accessories come in a convenient plastic storage case.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Cables
Coaxial BNC/BNC 30 cm (14), 75 cm (6), 120 cm (2)
Multi-Conductor D9/D9 40 cm (5), 70 cm (2)
Resistive Loads
BNC Terminated 50 Ω (1), 620 Ω (1)
Accessories
BNC T-Connector 6
Stereo Headset 1
1
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Cables and Accessories - Digital Communications Add-On 581541 (8949-30)The Cables and Accessories - Digital Communications Add-On set contains the various cables and accessories required to perform the exercises in the courseware. The accessories package contains the following parts: three different lengths of coaxial cables terminated with BNC connectors, whip, pigtail, and folded dipole antennas, BNC T-connectors, resistive loads with BNC connectors, headset. These accessories come in a convenient plastic storage case.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Cables
Coaxial BNC/BNC 30 cm (8)
Multi-Conductor D9/D9 40 cm (5), 70 cm (2)
Resistive Loads
BNC Terminated 620 Ω (1)
Accessories
BNC T-Connector 2
Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier 581542 (9401-00)
The Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier module forms the physical base for the analog and digital communications training systems, and can be used in several other training
systems. It is double-width to accommodate two instructional modules or two instrument modules in a side-by-side configuration. A two-channel audio amplifier with headphone jacks and speakers accommodates FM stereo and narrowband FM and AM receiver outputs.
The power supply distributes power to the complete system and provides three regulated dc voltage outputs (15 V – 0.5 A; -15 V – 0.5 A; +5 V – 1 A) on the faceplate. Also unregulated voltages are distributed to the system modules through a connector located on each module. These unregulated voltages are regulated within each module to provide the required voltages. Each regulated supply has an LED indicator that shuts off if the supply is overloaded due to equipment malfunction or if a faulty power connection is made to external equipment.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement
Current 3.5 A
Service Installation Standard single-phase ac outlet
Power Outputs
Unregulated Power Bus ±25 V typ. – 3 A max; -25 V typ. – 3 A max.; +11 V typ. – 5 A max.
Regulated Front Panel ±15 V – 0.5 A; + 5 V – 1 A
Dual Audio Amplifier Rating
Bandwidth 50 Hz to 15 kHz
Input Impedance 10 kΩ
Nominal Output Power 250 mW
Sensitivity (at nominal output power) 140 mW
Output Impedance (intermediate outputs) 1 kΩ
Maximum Output Level (open-circuit) 20 V p-p
Protection
AC Line Input Circuit breaker
DC Regulated Outputs Foldback current-limiting
DC Unregulated Outputs Circuit breaker
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Parameter Value
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 104 x 687 x 305 mm (4.1 x 27 x 12 in)
Net Weight 15.8 kg (34.8 lb)
Dual Function Generator 581549 (9402-10)
The Dual Function Generator consists of two independent function generators (A and B), each capable of generating a sine-wave signal, a square-wave signal, a triangular-wave signal, a sawtooth-wave signal, and a pulse signal with variable pulse-width. The signal frequency can be varied from 10 Hz to 100 kHz through four
ranges. A digital display is pushbutton-selectable between generators A and B to monitor the frequency of each generator. Each generator output signal level is continuously variable and may be attenuated by push button-selected switch attenuators. TTL output signals are provided to synchronize external equipment, such as an oscilloscope. Generator A may be frequency-modulated by a signal from generator B or from an external source.
The module is fully protected against short circuits and misconnections. Students use the instruments to make measurements in laboratory experiments performed on AM, FM, and digital communications systems.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement ±25 V typ. – 3 A max; -25 V typ. – 3 A max.; +11 V typ. – 5 A max.
Generators (A & B) Rating
Waveforms Sine, triangle, square, sawtooth, or pulse
Pulse Duty Cycle 10 to 90 %
Frequency Ranges 10-100 Hz, 100-1000 Hz, 1-10 kHz, 10-100 kHz
Frequency Display (switchable between A & B) 4 digits
Output Impedance 50 Ω
Output Level (open circuit) 10 mV p-p to 10 V p-p
Attenuator 0, 20, or 40 dB
Synchronization Outputs One for each channel (SYNC/TTL)
Frequency Modulation (Channel A only)
Input Impedance 100 kΩ
Maximum Frequency Deviation 50 % of each side of the rest frequency
Input Level for Maximum Deviation 10 V p-p
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 4.4 kg (9.7 lb)
Frequency Counter 581552 (9403-00)
The Frequency Counter is a direct-counting frequency counter with an 8-digit display. The frequency counter has three functions: it determines the frequency of the input signal and displays the frequency in Hz, kHz, or MHz, it determines the period of the
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input signal and displays the period in s or ms, and it works as an event counter when the counter function is selected. The frequency/period resolution is switch-selectable from 0.1 to 100 Hz (0.1 to 100 ns). As an event counter, each negative-going transition of the input signal adds one to the cumulative count displayed. The input signal may be attenuated by a switch attenuator.
The module is fully protected against short circuits and misconnections. Students use the instruments to make measurements in laboratory experiments performed on AM, FM, and digital communications systems.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement +25 V – 425 mA; -25 V – 325 mA
Rating
Input Frequency Range 10 Hz - 10 MHz, 10 MHz - 200 MHz
Input Period Range 0.1 s – 4 µs (10 Hz-2.5 MHz)
Count Range 1 - 99 999 999
Input Impedance 1 MΩSensitivity (Sine Wave RMS Value) 10 Hz - 100 MHz: 25 mV; 100 MHz-200 MHz: 60 mV
Attenuator 0, 20 or 40 dB
Resolution 0.1, 1, 10, 100 Hz (ns)
Frequency Display 8 digits
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 3.2 kg (7 lb)
True RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter 581555 (9404-10)
The True-RMS Voltmeter / Power Meter is a dual function instrument used to measure RMS voltage or signal power in communications systems. Voltage and power can be measured through four ranges on a 3½ digit panel display. The function is
switch-selectable on the front panel. The input signal frequency range is 20 Hz to 12 MHz. An automatic zero-adjust function readjusts the meter’s zero at regular time intervals. This feature provides precise measurements over a wide range of temperature.
The module is fully protected against short circuits and misconnections. Students use the instruments to make measurements in laboratory experiments performed on AM, FM, and digital communications systems.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement +25 V – 125 mA; +11 V – 350 mA; -25 V – 75 mA
Rating
Measurement Bandwidth 20 Hz to 12 MHz
Input Impedance 1 MΩ
Voltage Ranges 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V
Power Ranges -27, -7, +13, +33, (50 Ω input)
Accuracy (10 mV and 100 mV Ranges) ±3 % (20 Hz to 12 MHz)
Accuracy (1 V and 10 V Ranges) ±5 % (20 Hz to 12 MHz)
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 3.0 kg (6.7 lb)
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RF/Noise Generator 581561 (9406-00)
The RF/Noise Generator contains two independent generators capable of generating a tone signal in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 32 MHz and a "white" noise signal in selected frequency bands from 0 to 11.2 MHz. The radio frequency (RF) generator produces a signal output in five frequency ranges to cover the frequencies in the analog
communications system. This generator has FM and AM capabilities.
The noise generator provides white noise in five independent frequency bands. The noise output may be used for measuring the frequency response of filters or the signal-to-noise ratio in any part of the system.
The module is fully protected against short circuits and misconnections. Students use the instruments to make measurements in laboratory experiments performed on AM, FM, and digital communications systems.
SpecificationsParameter Value
RF Generator Rating
Frequency Ranges 100-320 kHz, 0.32-1 MHz, 1-3 MHz, 3-10 MHz, 10-32 MHz
Output Voltage (across 50 Ω) 100 mV p-p
Output impedance 50 Ω
SYNC Output Level 1.5 V p-p min.
Amplitude Modulation Input Level 1 V p-p
Amplitude Modulation Input Impedance 10 kΩ
Frequency Modulation Input Level 1 V p-p
Frequency Modulation Input Impedance 10 kΩ
Noise Generator Rating
Frequency Ranges Audio: 2 Hz - 20 kHz
Audio/RF: 0 Hz - 2 MHz
AM IF Noise: 435-475 kHz
SSB RF Noise: 3.6-4.2 MHz
FM IF Noise: 10.2-11.2 MHz
Output Voltage (across 50 Ω) 0.5 V rms
Output Impedance 50 Ω
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 4 kg (8.8 lb)
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Enclosure / Supply Regulator 581592 (9420-00)
The Enclosure / Supply Regulator provides enough regulated power to supply four digital communications modules. It converts unregulated dc voltages from the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401, into four regulated dc voltages accessed via backplane connectors. Built-in guides facilitate the insertion of modules into the enclosure, while a thumbscrew fastener secures each module in the
enclosure. Each module is automatically powered through the backplane connectors installed inside the enclosure.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401
DC Regulated Outputs
DC Regulated Outputs +15 V – 1 A
-15 V – 1 A
+5 V – 1 A
-5 V – 0.5 A
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 215 x 675 x 320 mm (8.5 x 26.6 x 12.6 in)
Net Weight 5.3 kg (11.7 lb)
Clock Generator 581593 (9421-00)
The Clock Generator provides a series of synchronized clock signals required for the clocking functions of the digital communications system. The module consists of a master clock driving a 10^n-frequency divider, which in turn drives eight divide-by-two cascade-connected frequency dividers. Access
to the output signals of each section is achieved through BNC connectors. In addition, a multi-pin connector provides the output signals from each of the divide-by-two frequency dividers. All frequency divider output signals have a 50% duty cycle.
One of the following four master clocks can be selected through push buttons:
• variable frequency clock (1-10 MHz)• crystal-controlled fixed-frequency clock (10 MHz)• external clock• manual clock (activated through a push-button switch)
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The frequency-division ratio of the 10^n-frequency divider is determined using a push button that selects an integer power n from 0 to 7. An LED display indicates the chosen frequency-division ratio.
The Clock Generator can be stacked on top of the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401, the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420, the FSK Modem, Model 9449, or on top of any module of the Analog Communications Training System. Power is distributed through the self-aligning multi-pin connectors located on the top and bottom of the modules.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401
External Clock Input
Maximal Frequency 10 MHz
Clock Outputs
Clock Outputs A (Master Clock)
Complement of A
B (Master Clock/[10^n]) (n=0 to 7, switch selectable)
Complement of B
B/[2^n] (n=1 to 8)
Composite Clock (all eight B/[2^n] clock outputs on D-connector)
Output Impedance 50 Ω (all BNC outputs)
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13.0 x 11.8 in)
3.3 kg (7.3 lb) 3.3 kg (7.3 lb)
Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Generator 581596 (9422-00)
The Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) Generator designed to be used with the Bit Error Rate Indicator, Model 9423, to measure the reliability (error rate) of different digital transmission systems.
Using an external clock, the PRBS Generator produces a pseudo-random sequence of bits. The bit rate can be varied from 100 bps to 5.44 Mbps. The length of the pseudo-random
sequence of bits is selected through a switch and is indicated on the front panel of the module. Sixteen sequence lengths are available between 1 and 65,535 bits. One of the sequences is 511 bits long, thus meeting with recommendation V.52 of the CCITT. The generated pseudo-random bit sequence recurs indefinitely. The generator produces a synchronization signal for oscilloscope observation of the PRBS.
A delayed PRBS is required when assessing the reliability of a digital transmission system. The delay of the PRBS must match that caused by the digital transmission system under test. For this purpose, the PRBS can be delayed by a fraction of a bit (fraction of a clock period) or by a whole number of bits (whole clock periods) using controls located in the DELAY block of the module.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Clock Input
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Parameter Value
Frequency 5.44 MHz maximum
PRBS PRBS
Delayed PRBS (0 to 45 clock periods) Delayed PRBS (0 to 45 clock periods)
Delayed Clock Delayed Clock
Sync. Sync.
PRBS Length 1 bit to [2^16]-1 (= 65,535 bits)
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 1 kg (2.2 lb)
Bit Error Rate Indicator 581599 (9423-00)
The Bit Error Rate Indicator is designed to be used with the Pseudo- Random Binary Sequence Generator, Model 9422, to measure the transmission error rate on a bit stream within a communication system, in order to assess the reliability of the communication path.
The module compares two data streams and counts, for a specific
period of time, the number of non-identical bits. Three test durations can be selected: 1 s, 10 s or 100 s. Error rates can be measured within a range of 0.01 error per second to 9999 errors per second.
At the end of each test period, the error rate appears in errors per second on a 4-digit display. The display will blink in case of overflow. The counting cycle is automatically reset when another test duration is selected. Each new reading can be announced by a tone, which is useful for long test periods. This feature can be disabled at any time. The tone generator cannot be used for a test period of 1 s.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Clock Input
Frequency 5.44 MHz maximum
Auxiliary Output
Frequency 3.57 MHz maximum
Display 4 digits
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
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Logic Analyzer 581602 (9424-00)
The Logic Analyzer is designed to observe successive bytes (8-bit words) on any 8-bit bus. The Logic Analyzer operation is divided into two distinct parts: data acquisition and data display.
The data acquisition is controlled using a push button and can be triggered by an internal or external signal. During data acquisition
incoming, 8-bit words are stored in the Logic Analyzer's memory until full. The memory capacity is 2048 8-bit words. A clock signal is required to carry out the data acquisition. The data in memory is stored until a new data acquisition is carried out or until the power is turned off.
Once data acquisition is completed, the Logic Analyzer automatically proceeds with data display. The Logic Analyzer produces X-Y signals which allow observation on an oscilloscope screen of a group of 8-bit words stored in its memory. Each group or memory segment contains sixteen 8-bit words. The memory segment observed is selected through the use of push buttons. The number of the selected segment can be displayed on a 2-digit hexadecimal display. This display can also be used to obtain the hexadecimal representation of the 8-bit word present at the data input of the Logic Analyzer. The display on the oscilloscope screen consists of 8 horizontal traces. Each of these traces represent 1 bit of the 8-bit words. The lower trace represents the least significant bit (LSB) whereas the upper trace represents the most significant bit (MSB).
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Clock Input
Frequency 1 MHz maximum
Data Input 8-bit parallel
Memory 2K x 8-bit
X and Y Outputs 8-level multiple signal to oscilloscope
Hexadecimal Display 2-digit
Indicators
Indicators Acquiring data
Trigger Ready Trigger ready
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2 lb)
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DC Voltmeter / DC Source 581605 (9425-00)
The DC Voltmeter / DC Source combines a high-impedance digital dc voltmeter and a low-current dc source. The dc Source is designed to supply a user-adjustable reference voltage. The digital display of the dc voltmeter provides accurate voltage readings. The module is used mainly in the study of analog-to-digital conversions
and of digital-to-analog conversions.
The dc source voltage is adjustable through a ten turn potentiometer. Its value can be read from the voltage display by pressing a push button on the front panel of the module.
The dc voltmeter can be used on one of two ranges selected through a push button. The measured voltage is indicated on a 3½ digit display. The high input impedance of the dc voltmeter allows for a precise reading without disturbing the circuits being tested.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
DC Voltmeter
Input Impedance 1 MΩ
Ranges ±2 V, ±20 V
Resolution 1 mV on ±2 V range
10 mV on ±20 V range
DC Source Output -2 V to +2 V, 25 mA maximum
Display 3½ digit
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
Low Pass Audio Filter 581608 (9426-00)
The Low Pass Audio Filter provides a second- or fourth-order filter with variable cutoff frequency. It is used before sampling and after decoding in digital communications systems to provide band-limited signals. The module is normally ac coupled, but dc coupling may be selected so that a digital signal can be band-limited for noise measurement purposes.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Audio Input
Voltage 2 V p-p input
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Parameter Value
Impedance 600 Ω
Audio Output
Voltage 2 V p-p with 2 V p-p input (gain control at CAL position)
Impedance 600 Ω
Cutoff Frequency (3dB) 300 Hz to 8 kHz
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
Synchronous Audio Generator 581611 (9427-00)
The Synchronous Audio Generator provides a triangle-wave audio signal that is synchronized to the system clock and enables PAM, PWM, PPM, and PCM signals throughout the system to be observed easily. The audio signal is derived from the clock input signal using a frequency divider and an integrator. An automatic gain control circuit ensures a stable output
level as frequency is varied.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Clock Input
Maximal Frequency 500 kHz
Frequency Division 10 (3 kHz to 50 kHz)
100 (30 kHz to 500 kHz)
Audio Output
Nominal Voltage 2 V p-p (gain control at CAL position)
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
Signal Interruptor/Selector 581614 (9428-00)
The Signal Interruptor/Selector performs two functions in the system. It allows selective interruption of one or more lines on an 8-bit data bus to demonstrate the effect of losing bits in data transmission. The relative importance of each bit can also be demonstrated, e.g., the effect of interrupting the MSB line compared with interrupting the LSB line.
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Furthermore, the Signal Interruptor/Selector is an interface for the test points, which are accessible via D-type connectors on the front panels of the instructional modules. Any two test points can be selected independently and are made available at two BNC connectors on the front panel of the Signal Interruptor/Selector, for observation on a dual channel oscilloscope. LEDs indicate which signal has been selected.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Inputs 8-bit parallel
Outputs
Outputs 8-bit parallel
2 x Signal Outputs (BNC)
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
Noise Measurement Filters 581617 (9429-00)
The Noise Measurement Filters measure the noise content of various signals in the system by separating noise from signals using filtering techniques. They can also be used to measure quantization and intermodulation noise, as well as noise on voice channels.
The module contains a selectable frequency low-pass filter, a band-pass
filter, and a notch filter. The low-pass filter simulates transmission channels of different bandwidths. It is preceded by a summing amplifier allowing the addition of a noise signal to simulate a "noisy" transmission channel. The notch filter and the band-pass filter have the same center frequency in order to measure signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. The band-pass filter can be used for cleaning up a signal or for Gaussian noise generation.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
All Inputs
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
All Outputs
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Band-Pass Filter
Center Frequency 100 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz
Notch Filter
Center Frequency 100 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz
Low Pass Filters
Cutoff Frequency 20, 40, 80, 160 kHz
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
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PAM/ASK Generator 581635 (9440-00)
The PAM/ASK Generator converts analog input signals to Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) output signals or digital data to Amplitude Shift Keyed (ASK) output signals.
In PAM, an analog input signal is sampled using either natural or flat-top sampling, and a pulse with a height proportional to the input signal amplitude is generated at each sample
point. In ASK, a tone is output for a "1" and no tone is will be the output for a "0" at the input. PAM and ASK are not true digital signals, since both convey information as modified analog signals rather than as a digital code.
Using the PAM/ASK Generator, students gain an understanding of the principles of PAM and ASK generation. The relationship between the sampling rate and highest frequency present in the modulating signal, and the effects of bandwidth and pulse duration are also investigated.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Sampling Modes Natural, Flat Top
Audio/Carrier Input
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Maximal Frequency 50 kHz
Clock/Data Input
Maximal Frequency 100 kHz
PAM / ASK Output
Nominal Voltage 2 V p-p with 2 V p-p input (gain control at CAL position)
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Maximal ASK Data Rate 9600 Bd
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 6
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
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PAM/ASK Receiver 581638 (9441-00)
The PAM/ASK Receiver demodulates PAM or ASK signals from the PAM/ASK Generator to recover the original analog signals or data. Using the PAM/ASK Receiver, students become familiar with techniques used in the demodulation of PAM and ASK signals.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
PAM / ASK Inputs
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Maximal ASK Data Rate 1200 Bd
Audio Output
Nominal Voltage 2 V p-p with 2 V p-p input (gain control at CAL position)
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency 3.4 kHz
Data Output
Voltage TTL
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 7
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
PWM/PPM Generator 581641 (9442-00)
The PWM/PPM Generator converts analog input signals to Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) or Pulse Position Modulated (PPM) output signals.
In PWM, an analog input signal is sampled, and a pulse whose width (duration) is proportional to the input signal amplitude is generated at each sample point. In PPM, an analog input signal is sampled an a pulse whose
position is proportional to the input signal amplitude is generated at each sample point. Both PWM and PPM signals are of constant height (amplitude), and the pulses in PPM signals are of constant width. Although PWM and PPM are more complex forms of message processing than PAM, they still are not considered true digital signals.
Using the PWM/PPM Generator, students can gain an understanding of how PWM and PPM signals are generated. The noise resistance characteristics of PWM/PPM signals can be studied also.
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SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Audio Input
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 5 kHz
Ramp Input
Voltage 2.2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Maximal Frequency 20 kHz
PWM / PPM Outputs
Voltage 5 V TTL, (gain control at CAL position) 0-5 V variable
PPM Pulse Duration 3 µS to 1 mS
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 6
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
PWM/PPM Receiver 581644 (9443-00)
The PWM/PPM Receiver is part of the 13 digital communications instructional modules that offer superior training in Telecommunications technology. It demodulates PWM or PPM signals from the PWM/PPM Generator to reconstruct the original analog signal. Using the PWM/PPM Receiver,
students become familiar with the PWM / PPM decoding process. The relationship between PWM and PPM is easily demonstrated.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
PWM / PPM Inputs
Voltage TTL
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 20 kHz
Audio Output
Nominal Voltage 2 V p-p (gain control at CAL position)
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 6
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
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PCM Encoder 581647 (9444-00)
The PCM Encoder converts an analog input signal to a digitally-coded output signal (pulse to PAM, PWM, and PPM), since the PCM output is in binary code.
In PCM, an analog input signal is sampled and an 8-bit code is generated representing the input signal amplitude at each sample point. A bar graph indicator for the test bus shows the logic states of the 8-bit A/D converter output. Both parallel and
serial PCM outputs are provided for experimental work.
Using the PCM Encoder, students become familiar with the basics of A/D conversion and PCM signal generation. Other important concepts, such as quantization error and volume compression are studied as well.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Audio Input
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 5 kHz
Clock Input
Maximal Frequency 40 kHz
Outputs Serial-bit parallel end of conversion (A/D converter)
Output Voltage TTL
Compression Modes
Compression Modes 4 Bell µ-type laws
3 CCIT A-type laws
Direct (no compression)
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Bus 1
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2.0 lb)
PCM Decoder 581650 (9445-00)
The PCM Decoder is used to demodulate a serial PCM signal generated by the PCM Encoder, or a parallel PCM signal generated by either the PCM Encoder or the DPCM Decoder, and to recover the original analog signal. A bar graph indicator for the test bus shows the logic states of the 8-bit D/A converter input.
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Using the PCM Decoder, students gain familiarity with PCM decoding and D/A conversion processes. The effects of compression and expansion on weak and strong signals can be investigated also.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
PCM Input Voltage TTL
Input Codes
Input Codes Offset Binary
Sign Offset
µ2-Type Expansion
A1-Type Expansion
Audio Output
Nominal Voltage 2 V p-p (gain control at CAL position)
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 5 kHz
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Bus 1
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
DPCM Encoder 581653 (9446-00)
The DPCM Encoder accepts parallel PCM signals from the PCM Encoder and produces a parallel Differential Pulse Code Modulated (DPCM) signal.
A DPCM signal results when consecutive PCM signals are subtracted, so that only the difference between the signals is transmitted. DPCM offers advantages over PCM for voice signals, such as lower sampling rates and the ability to multiplex more
channels on the same transmission link. DPCM requires fewer bits to encode the analog information and suffers less from noise degradation than PCM.
Using the DPCM Encoder, students gain an understanding of the processes used to obtain DPCM signals, the differences between PCM and DPCM, and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Inputs 8-bit parallel PCM end of conversion (from PCM Encoder)
Outputs Less than 8-bit parallel DPCM
Input/Output
Voltages TTL
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Busses 6
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2.0 lb)
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DPCM Decoder 581656 (9447-00)
The DPCM Decoder is converts the less than 8-bit parallel DPCM signals from the DPCM Decoder to an 8-bit PCM signal. This PCM signal is then fed to the parallel input of the PCM Decoder to recover the original analog signal.
Using the DPCM Decoder, students gain an understanding of the more complex processes involved in DPCM decoding and the effects of noise on DPCM transmissions.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Inputs Less than 8-bit parallel DPCM end of conversion (from PCM Encoder)
Output 8-bit parallel PCM
Input/Output
Voltages TTL
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Busses 5
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2.0 lb)
FSK Modem 581659 (9449-00)
The FSK Modem converts TTL of RS-232C data to Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) audio signals which are compatible with a telephone line. The FSK Modem also converts FSK audio signals to TTL or RS-232C data. Full-duplex and half-duplex operation is
possible. FSK is the most popular method of low- and medium-speed data transmission.
Using the FSK Modem, students gain an understanding of FSK generation, logic compatibility, data transmission speeds, and standards used in FSK communications.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401
Analog Input/Output 2- or 4-wire through 600 Ω balancing transformer
Digital Input/Output TTL or RS-232C data
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation Bell 103
Originate/Answer, full-duplex, half-duplex (2- or 4-wire)
Bell 202
Bell 202 Equalized (V.21 ... o/A, F/D; V.23 .. Mode 2; V.23 ... Mode 2
Equalized half-duplex
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Parameter Value
Digital and analog loopback
Fault-Insertion Switches 10
Test Points 26
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 112 x 330 x 300 mm (4.4 x 13.0 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 3.9 kg (8.6 lb)
BPSK Modulator 581662 (9450-00)
The BPSK Modulator converts TTL data to Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) signals. BPSK is used extensively in high-speed data transmission. Using the BPSK Modulator, students gain an understanding of the BPSK modulation process, as well as data rate limitations of a BPSK system.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Data Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Data Rate 9600 Bd
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 1 MHz
Outputs Phase Modulator BPSK
BPSK Output
Maximal Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 8
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
BPSK Demodulator 581665 (9451-00)
The BPSK Demodulator demodulates the BPSK signals from the BPSK Modulator and recovers the original data signal. The module employs demodulation techniques with the Costas Loop. Using the BPSK Demodulator, students gain an understanding of BPSK demodulation techniques, as well as phase ambiguity and bit error rate
measurement.
Specifications
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Parameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
BPSK Input
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Data Output
Voltage TTL
Maximal Data Rate 2400 Bd
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 8
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
Delta/CVSD Encoder 581668 (9454-00)
The Delta/CVSD Encoder converts audio input signals to Delta Modulated or Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) modulated output signals.
Delta Modulation uses a more direct encoding process than PCM. In Delta Modulation, an analog signal is sampled and either a "1" or a "0" is transmitted at each sample point, depending on whether the sample size
is larger or smaller than the previous sample size. The use of CVSD considerably increases the dynamic range of the audio input signals that can be used.
Using the Delta/CVSD Encoder, students gain an understanding of the Delta Modulation encoding process. The difference between Delta Modulation and CVSD can be studied, together with their performance at different rates.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Audio Input
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 5 kHz
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 40 kHz
Delta / CVSD Output
Voltage TTL
Fault-Insertion Switches 7
Test Points 7
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
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32 © Festo Didactic
Delta/CVSD Decoder 581671 (9455-00)
The Delta/CVSD Decoder is demodulates the Delta or CVSD modulated signal from the Delta / CVSD Generator and recovers the original analog signal. Using the Delta/CVSD Decoder, students gain an understanding of Delta / CVSD demodulation techniques. Distortion of the modulated signal due to slope
overload or weak and noisy signals can be studied, as well as the effects of noise on the transmitted signals.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Delta / CVSD Input
Voltage TTL
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 40 kHz
Audio Output
Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 600 Ω
Frequency Range 300 Hz to 5 kHz
Fault-Insertion Switches 6
Test Points 6
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
Storage Cabinet 581798 (9499-00)
The Storage Cabinet contains six shelves and can hold 24 modules from the Digital Communications Training Systems, Series 8085. The Storage Cabinet requires assembly. A diagram is provided to facilitate assembly.
Specifications
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Parameter Value
Capacity 24 modules from the Digital Communications Training Systems, Series 8085
Material Hard wood
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) TBE
Net Weight TBE
Optional Equipment Description
Dual Trace Oscilloscope (Optional) 580849 (797-20)
The Dual Trace Oscilloscope is an economical and highly reliable solid-state instrument, ideal for general-purpose use in laboratory and training applications. Students can measure phase difference between waveforms using the X-Y operation mode, and video signals can be measured quickly with the special TV sync separation circuit. The Dual Trace Oscilloscope
includes CH 1, CH 2, CHOP, and ALT display modes. An operating instruction manual, one fuse, one line cord, and two low-capacitance probes are provided with the oscilloscope.
Features & Benefits
• 15 cm (6 inch) width, high luminance CRT with internal graticule, 8 x 10 divisions• Wide dynamic range even at high frequencies of −3 dB• Fast rise time with low overshoot• Flat frequency response up to half of −3 dB frequency• Alternate and chopping display• Polarity inversion and algebraic sum of CH1 and CH2• Maximum sweep rates of 20 ns/div.• Variable scale illumination• Delayed sweep function with minimum delay time jitter of 1/20,000 or less• Jitterless and superb trigger sensitivity• TV sync separation and hold-off circuit useful for video signal observation• Brightness modulation available with Z-axis input• Low drift with compensation circuitry• Signal delay with delay line useful for observation of signal leading edge• X-Y phase difference measurement up to 50 kHz
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements
Current 0.4 A
Service Installation Standard single-phase ac outlet
CRT Display
Type 15.24 cm (6 in) rectangular, internal graticule, scale illumination
Effective Area 8 x 10 div (1 div = 1 cm)
Acceleration Potential 12 kV
Vertical Deflection
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34 © Festo Didactic
Parameter Value
Sensitivity 5 mV/div to 5 V/div in 10 calibrated steps ±3%
1 mV/div to 1 V/div ±5% when using x5 magnifier
Uncalibrated continuous control between steps 1:<2.5
Bandwidth DC to 40 MHz (-3 dB); dc to 7 MHz (-3 dB) when using x5 magnifier
Rise Time Less than 8.8 ns
Maximum Input 300 V (dc + ac peak) or 500 V p-p ac at 1 kHz or less
Input Coupling AC, GND, DC
Input Impedance 1 meg in parallel with 25 pF
Operating Modes CH1, CH2 (INVERT), ADD, DUAL (CHOP: Time/div sw 0.2 s - 5 ms; ALT: Time/div sw 2 ms - 0.2µs)
X-Y Operation CH1: X-axis, CH2: Y-axis
Horizontal Deflection
Display A, A int B, B, B triggered, X-Y
Time Base A 0.2 µs/div to 0.2 s/div in 19 calibrated steps ±3% uncalibrated continuous control between steps at least 1:<2.5
Time Base B 0.2 µs/div to 20 µs/div in 7 calibrated steps ±3%
Trigger
Modes Auto, Norm, TV-V, TV-H
Coupling AC
Sources CH 1, CH 2, LINE, EXT
Sensitivity (Internal Source) 0.5 div (20 Hz to 2 MHz), 1.5 div (2 MHz to 40 MHz)
Sensitivity (External Source) 200 mV (20 Hz to 2 MHz), 800 mV (2 MHz to 20 MHz)
Slope + or -
TV Sync Polarity: TV (-)
Calibrator 1 kHz, square wave, 0.5 ±3%, duty cycle: 50%
Accessories Power cable, fuse, operation manual, 2 probes
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 140 x 320 x 430 mm (5.5 x 12.6 x 16.9 in)
Net Weight 5.7 kg (12.57 lb)
Personal Computer (Optional) 579785 (8990-00)
The Personal Computer consists of a desktop computer running under
Windows® 10. A monitor, keyboard, and mouse are included.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements
Current 2 A
Service Installation Standard single-phase ac outlet
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FM/PM Receiver (Optional) 581589 (9415-10)
The FM/PM Receiver offers training in multiplex and wideband FM (covering commercial broadcast techniques), narrowband FM (widely used in commercial and military communications systems), and PM reception. PM reception is used in such applications as satellite
communications, data communications, over narrowband communications systems, telephone lines, microwave communications lines and links.
When the FM/PM Receiver is connected with the Direct FM Multiplex Generator, a complete commercial FM system is established. Students can readily see the effects of stereo signal generation, multiplexing techniques, and modulation. When the FM/PM Receiver is connected to the Indirect FM/PM Generator, a narrowband FM communications link is established, allowing the student to explore the generation and reception of narrowband FM and PM signals.
RF inputs to the receiver are between 88 and 108 MHz for stereo and wideband FM, and 10.7 MHz for narrowband FM and PM. A demodulated audio signal is available at the NBFM audio output when a signal is injected at the RF input. When the output of the crystal discriminator is connected to the input of the integrator, a demodulated audio signal is available at the PM audio output.
The WBFM section is equipped with two 50 Ω RF inputs, a balanced 300 Ω RF input for an external antenna connection, and an RF tuning knob which allows tuning across the 88- to 108-MHz band.
A 3-LED tuning indicator and a 10-LED bar graph display (indicating received signal level) facilitate accurate tuning. The presence of the 19 kHz pilot signal illuminates an LED also. A 2½ digit display can show the frequency deviation of the received WBFM or NBFM signals. These meters are often used on modern communications receivers.
Receiver outputs for FM left and right stereophonic channels, monophonic FM, NBFM, and PM are provided, as well as an SCA channel audio output, often used for background music programming.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements
Power Requirements +25 V dc - 275 mA
+11 V dc - 200 mA
-25 V dc - 150 mA
WBFM Section
Input Impedance 2 inputs at 50 Ω, 1 input at 300 Ω (balanced)
50 Ω Input Sensitivity 55 µV (typical for both inputs for 10 dB S/N at baseband output)
300 kΩ Input Sensitivity 15 µV ( typical for 10 dB S/N at baseband output)
AUX IF Input Impedance 50 Ω
Control RF tuning
RF Tuning Range 88 to 108 MHz
Intermediate Outputs IF (10.7 MHz), baseband
Indicator Deviation (switchable between WBFM and NBFM)
PM/NBFM Section
Input Frequency 10.7 MHz
Input Impedance 2 inputs at 50 Ω
Input Level Sensitivity 3 mV (typical for 100 mV p-p at NBFM audio output)
Audio Outputs
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36 © Festo Didactic
Parameter Value
L, R, L + R Bandwidth 50 Hz to 15 kHz
SCA, NBFM, PM Bandwidth 200 Hz to 3 kHz
Impedance 1 kΩ (all outputs)
Fault-Insertion Switches 12
Test Points 35
Indicators Center tuning, signal level, pilot (19 kHz), deviation display (2½ digits), Power ON
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13.0 x 11.8 in)
Net Weight 4.7 kg (10.3 lb)
Baseband Channel / Brickwall Filter (Optional) 581632 (9435-00)
The Baseband Channel / Brickwall Filter is designed for use with the Time-Division Multiplexer, Model 9460, the Time-Division Demultiplexer, Model 9461, and the T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver, Model 9462. Other modules that can be used with the Baseband Channel / Brickwall Filter are the Line Coder, Model 9464,
and the Line Decoder, Model 9465.
The Baseband Channel section of the module provides the frequency characteristics of a twisted pair of wires. The line length simulated is selectable between 0.15, 0.30, 1, and 2 kilometers. An auxiliary noise input is provided for noise injection. Input and output impedances are 120 S and coupling is either DC or AC (10 kHz). When AC coupling is selected, both the input and output connectors have a balanced (ungrounded) characteristic.
The Brickwall Filter creates heavy intersymbol interference (ISI) conditions. The filter has a very sharp low-pass characteristic that cuts off at 60 dB per decade. Again, input and output impedances are 120 Ω and can be either DC or AC (balanced) coupled.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Baseband Channel
Maximal Input Voltage 3 V p-p
Input Impedance 120 Ω
Noise Input
Maximal Output Voltage 3 V p-p with 120 Ω load
Frequency Range
DC Coupling 0-15 MHz with 0.15 km line length
0-9 MHz with 0.30 km line length
0-1 MHz with 1.0 km line length
0-100 kHz with 2.0 km line length
AC Coupling 10 kHz to 15 MHz with 0.15 km line length
10 kHz to 9 MHz with 0.30 km line length
10 kHz to 1 MHz with 1.0 km line length
10 kHz to 100 kHz with 2.0 km line length
Maximal Voltage 2 V p-p
Impedance 500 Ω
Frequency Range 0-15 MHz
Brickwall Filter
Maximal Input Voltage 3 V p-p
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Parameter Value
Input Impedance 120 Ω
Slope 60 dB/decade
Maximal Output Voltage 3 V p-p with 120 Ω load
Output Impedance 120 Ω
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2 lb)
Time Division Multiplexer (Optional) 581674 (9460-00)
The Time-Division Multiplexer provides training in the principles of time-division multiplexing (TDM). This technique, commonly used in telephone systems because of the ease with which multiplexed signals can be switched, sequentially combines separate signals for transmission in a common channel. Although TDM techniques are generally used for digital signals, it is
also interesting and informative to transmit sampled analog signals.
The Time-Division Multiplexer has inputs for 4 signals. The signals can be either analog or digital. An internal digital data generator can be used to produce 8 bits of data on each of the 4 channels. The bit sequences are set by 4 banks of 8 DIP switches located on the module printed circuit board (pcb). The internal generator bit rate can be adjusted over a frequency range of 0 to 200 kHz.
The TDM rate can also be any frequency up to 200 kHz. It is selected by an external clock. Both the bit rate and TDM rate clocks are independent.
A set of eight test points is provided for more in-depth study. Eight fault-insertion switches are also located on the pcb.
All inputs and outputs are fully protected against erroneous connections.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Channel Inputs
Voltage ±5 V or TTL
Impedance 10 kΩ
Clock Inputs
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 200 kHz
Clock Output
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 200 kHz
Channel Source Internal or external
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 8
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2 lb)
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Time Division Demultiplexer (Optional) 581677 (9461-00)
The Time-Division Demultiplexer provides training in the technique of recovering time-division multiplexed signals. This technique separates a TDM signal into a certain number of signals available at different output channels. The Time-Division Demultiplexer can be interconnected with the Model 9460 Time-Division Multiplexer. The module has inputs for
the TDM signal as well as for the TDM clock. Internal sample-and-hold circuits allow demultiplexing with minimum filtering at each of the 4 outputs.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
TDM Input
Voltage ±5 V
Impedance 10 kΩ
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 200 kHz
Channel Outputs
Voltage ±5 V
Impedance 600 Ω
Maximal Frequency 200 kHz
Fault-Insertion Switches 6
Test Points 16
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.7 kg (1.5 lb)
T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver (Optional) 581680 (9462-00)
The T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver provides training in PCM-TDM techniques.
The most common forms of time-division multiplexing used by telephone systems are T1 (also known as DS1) in North America and Japan, and CEPT (also known as PCM-30) in
Europe.
In the North American system, 24 channels of 64 kbits/s sampled audio signals are multiplexed. The bit stream produced is at a rate of 1.544 Mbits/s, which includes one bit that is added to each frame (group of 24 channels) for synchronization purposes.
In the European system, 30 channels of 64 kbits/s sampled audio signals are multiplexed. Including 2 eight bit framing and control channels, the bit stream thus produced is at a rate of 2.048 Mbits/s.
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The T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver can be set to operate in either T1 (DS1) or CEPT mode.
The transmitter section provides an input connector for use with the Model 9444 PCM Encoder. This single-channel input signal can be inserted in any one of the 24 (T1) or 30 (CEPT) channels. The other channel signals are generated internally by a built-in data generator.
Outputs are provided for frame, channel, and bit clocks. All framing, signaling, and alarm functions are handled internally by the module. Internal DIP switches are used to configure these options. The T1/CEPT output signal is normally connected to the T1/CEPT input on the receiver section, as is the clock signal.
The T1/CEPT signal can also be looped to the Model 9463 Clock Recovery module so as to produce an independent clock signal for use in the receiver. This technique is more realistic and provides training in clock recovery techniques.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirement Connection to the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401
External Input
Voltage TTL
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Frequency (T1/CEPT) 1.544/2.048 MHz
T1/CEPT Input
Maximal Voltage 5 V rms
Impedance 120 Ω balanced
Mux Output
Voltage TTL
Clock Outputs
Voltage TTl
Frame Frequency 8 kHz
Channel Frequency (T1/CEPT) 192/256 kHz
Bit Rate (T1/CEPT) 1.544/2.048 MHz
Transmitter/Receiver Monitor Outputs
Voltage TTL
Reset Output
Voltage TTL
T1/CEPT Output
Voltage 8 V p-p
Impedance 120 Ω balanced
Receiver Output
Voltage TTL
One-Channel Data Output
Voltage TTL
Trigger Output
Voltage TTL
Frequency 8 kHz
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation T1 with bit 7 stuffing
T1 with B8ZS coding
CEPT with HDB3 coding
Multiplexer Operation
Description Multiplexes 23/29 (T1/CEPT) channels with 1 selectable external or internal channel
External Mode All channels fed by external data input signals
Internal Mode (selectable with the internal switch) Data pattern of the internal data generator is selectable with internal switches
Demultiplexer Operation Circuit samples one channel signal of 24/30 (T1/CEPT) channels and feeds it to the one channel data output
Fault-Insertion Switches 12
External Test Points 8
Internal Test Points 16
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13.0 x 11.8 in)
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Parameter Value
5 kg (11 lb) 5 kg (11 lb)
Clock Recovery (Optional) 581683 (9463-00)
The Clock Recovery provides training in the technique of recovering clock (or bit timing) signals from baseband data signals. The Clock Recovery module provides a recovered clock signal for the Model 9462 T1/CEPT PCM Transceiver.
The module has two modes of operation. The analog mode permits
recovery of a clock signal at a fixed frequency of 1.544 MHz. It uses a band-pass filter with a very sharp frequency response.
The digital mode of operation is based on a digital PLL. A local clock oscillator drives a digital divider that resets to zero whenever a transition occurs in the input data. The frequency of operation of this circuit is variable between 0.2 and 20 MHz. The digital divider division ratio can be adjusted to 8, 16, 32 or 64 counts. This feature allows the reduction of jitter to be observed as the number of counts is increased.
The module has an input for the data signal and outputs for the local and recovered clocks. Seven test points and eight fault insertion switches are also provided on the module. All inputs and outputs are fully protected against erroneous connections.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Data Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Data Rate 2.5 MBd in digital mode
Local Clock Output
Voltage TTL
Frequency Range 200 kHz to 20 MHz
Impedance 50 Ω
Mode of Operation
Mode of Operation Analog
Digital with selectable dividers: 8, 16, 32, 64
Recovered Clock Output
Voltage TTL
Impedance 50 Ω
Operating Frequency
Analog Mode 1.544 MHz
Digital Mode 3 kHz to 2.5 MHz
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 7
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2.0 lb)
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Line Coder (Optional) 581686 (9464-00)
The Line Coder provides training in the principles of line coding. Line codes maintain timing information in baseband signals.
Line coding techniques facilitate timing recovery in data transmission systems. Different line codes facilitate the synchronization of signals but may require larger bandwidths. The Line
Coder provides the following line codes:
• Polar (positive and negative)• RZ (Return to zero)• Biphase (Manchester)• CMI (Coded Mark Inversion)• AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion)• B3ZS (Bit 3 Zero Suppression)• HDB3 (High Density Bipolar 3)• Duobinary (Partial Response Signaling)
The Line Coder is also provided with a data scrambler. This scrambler is normally used to introduce a minimum number of transitions in given data streams. The scrambler can be turned on or off. The module has inputs for data and clock signals and an output for the coded data. All inputs and outputs are fully protected against erroneous connections.
The line coding modules (Models 9464 and 9465) are intended for use with the Baseband Channel / Brickwall Filter, Model 9435.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
NRZ Data Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Data Rate 2 MBd
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 2 MHz
Scrambler Output
Voltage TTL
Impedance 50 Ω
Codes Provided Polar, RZ, Biphase, CMI, AMI, B3ZS, HDB3, Duobinary
Coded Data Output
Nominal Voltage 3 V p-p with 120 Ω load
Impedance 120 Ω
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 7
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2 lb)
Digital Communications Training Systems, LabVolt Series
42 © Festo Didactic
Line Decoder (Optional) 581689 (9465-00)
The Line Decoder is provides training in the techniques of line decoding. This module is normally used with the Line Coder, Model 9464.
The line codes accepted are the same as those generated by the Line Coder. A data descrambler can also be placed in-circuit. The module has inputs for coded data and for a clock signal.
Decoded and descrambled (if selected) outputs are also available on the module.
SpecificationsParameter Value
Power Requirements Connection to the Enclosure / Supply Regulator, Model 9420
Coded Data Input
Maximal Voltage 10 V p-p
Maximal Data Rate 2 MBd
Impedance 120 Ω
Clock Input
Voltage TTL
Maximal Frequency 2 MHz
Input Codes Polar, RZ, Biphase, CMI, AMI, B3ZS, HDB3, Duobinary
Decoded Data Output
Voltage TTL
Impedance 50 Ω
NRZ Data Output
Voltage TTL
Impedance 50 Ω
Fault-Insertion Switches 8
Test Points 7
Physical Characteristics
Dimensions (H x W x D) 83 x 142 x 212 mm (3.3 x 5.6 x 8.3 in)
Net Weight 0.9 kg (2 lb)
Dust Cover (Modules) (Optional) 587452 (9494-00)The Dust Cover is a flexible fabric cover specially designed to protect the modules of the Digital Communications Training Systems, Series 8085, against the accumulation of dust during extended storage periods.
Dust Cover (Module Rack) (Optional) 587453 (9494-10)The Dust Cover is a flexible fabric cover specially designed to protect a module rack of the Digital Communications Training Systems, Series 8085, against the accumulation of dust during extended storage periods.
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© Festo Didactic 43
Reflecting the commitment of Festo Didactic to high quality standards in product, design, development, production, installation, and service, our manufacturing and distribution facility has received the ISO 9001 certification.
Festo Didactic reserves the right to make product improvements at any time and without notice and is not responsible for typographical errors. Festo Didactic recognizes all product names used herein as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. © Festo Didactic Inc. 2020. All rights reserved.
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