1SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Different cultivation methods for production of rotifers

Gunvor ØieSINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

2SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer production- rotifer strains

Different rotifer species and strains:Different sizeDifferent optimum growth conditions

TemperatureSalinity

Different growth rateDifferent nutritional content

Food quality and quantityFoto: Pekarsky

3SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Growth and survival of cod larvaefed Brachionus nevada or Brachionus cayman

Øie, Overrein, Olsen, Kui, & Reitan, 2003

Results Large-Normal

Small-Normaldensity

Small-Highdensity

Survival day 45 (% ± SE) 37±1 33±2 34±1

Growth rate day 5-10 (% day -1) 8.9 -0.06 3.3

Growth rate day 5-17 (% day -1) 10.6 5.9 8.9

Biomass, day 35 (µg DW larva-1) 1 335 1074 1157

Day 5-10

-2

0

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4

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8

10

Gro

wth

rate

(% d

ay-1

)

Large-Normal

Small-Normal density

Small-High density

4SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer production-cultivation technique

Batch cultivation Semi-continuous cultivation

Recirculation

With water flowthrough

Without water flowtrough

Culture conditions:Water quality

pH 7.5-8.5Ammonia <1 mg l-1

Aeration and oxygen >4ppmOrganic particlesBacteria and other organisms

(Data from Støttrupand McEvoy: Live feed in marine aquaculture)

Production tanks:100 litre -300 000 litre

5SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Batch cultivation of rotifers

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (days)

Rotif

er d

ensi

ty (i

nd/m

l)

Series1Series3

Growth for 3-5 days

Washing

Enrichment

Washing and storage/feeding

Control:•Rotifer density, eggratio•Continuous feeding•Oxygen•Temperature•Salinity

6SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer production in LofilabCod production with copepods and rotifers

•Rotifer production in 4m3 bags•Batch production in 4 days (300 ind/ml to 1000 ind/ml)•Continuous feeding with yeast and Algamac 2000

7SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Production of rotifer with Chlorella in Japan

•Two days production cycles•0,1 µm filtered water•Addition of HCl (pH control)•Addition of pure oxygene•Short-term enrichment•Densities in lab. scale are150 000 ind/ml •Normal densities of “small”rotifers are 10-25 000 ind/ml•Normal densities of “big”rotifers are 2-3000 ind/ml

(Yoshimura et al, 1996)

8SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer production in Fosen Aquasenter

Rotifer production:•Batch cultivation•Semi-continuous production•Semi-continuous production in a recirculation system

Foto: G.Øie)

9SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Semi-continuous production in Fosen Aquasenter

•Rotifer production (culture volume 1.8m3)•cleaning arm in the bottom of the tank•20-30% harvesting per day•Yeast, Clorella,vitamins and oil•Daily production: 2.5 billion per tank

01000200030004000

50006000700080009000

0 5 10 15 20

Time (days)

Rot

ifer

dens

ity (i

nd/m

l)

00,20,40,60,811,21,41,61,82

Egg

ratio

Ind/ml ER

Inside the rotifer tank after 20 dayscultivation. Cleaning arm in bottomof the tank.

10SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Production of rotifer in a recirculation system

(Suantika et al. 2003)

11SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Production of rotifer in a recirculation system

(Rainuzzo and Kjøsnes, 2005)

12SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer counting by camera

Rotatorietank/larvetank

”Avbildningsboks”

Kamera

Pumpe

Grensesnitt

Væskeprøver

M. Alver, T. Tennøy, g. Øie and J.A.Alfredsen, unpublished

13SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

User interface

14SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Rotifer density in production tanks withdifferent rotifer density

Tetthet 2

-5

0

5

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25

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ManuellAutomatisk

Tetthet 3

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Tetthet 4

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Tetthet 5

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Tetthet 6

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Manual countingsAutomatical countings

15SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Monitoring the rotifer density in fishtanks

”Imaging box”

Camera

Membrane pump

InterfaceLiquid samples

Valves

(Alver, Alfredsen and Øie, unpublished data)

16SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

What is important in high density rotiferproduction in the future?

Monitoring and automatic regulation of: OxygenpH NH3

Salinity and temperature

Automatic countingRotifer densityEggratioSwimming velocity

Procedures for cleaning tanksMicrobial control