DAY ONE

The Learning Process

Thinking About LearningEnhancing Learning and MemoryEnhancing ATC Decision-making

Explaining Complex Concepts

The OJT Environment

Understanding the OJT/Certification ProcessQualities of Effective OJT Instructors

Quality TeamsTraining & Readiness Requirements

DAY TWO

Tower Visibility Observer

Standard Operating ProceduresConducting Prebriefings

Maintaining Situation AwarenessIntervening During OJT

Effective FeedbackDebriefing SkillsBasic Instructor

Completing Position EvaluationsUnderstanding Motivation

Coaching Techniques

Training Documentation

Position Logs/VIDSGCA Run Logs

Cherry Point Training History

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9 10

11

12

1314

1516

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2627

28

29 30

31

3233

3435

3637

38

39 40

41

42

4344

45

46

47

48

49

5051 52

53 54

55

56

57 58

59 60

TOPIC #1

THINKING ABOUT LEARNING

(THE NUMBER GAME)

TOPIC #2

ENHANCING LEARNING AND MEMORY

Beginnings and Endings

Concrete Versus Abstract Information

Association

People tend to remember more from the beginning and end of a learning session. If you want to have people remember something from the middle of a learning session, it needs to be more memorable. Memorable things are often colorful, bizarre, funny, emotional, or different from the pattern of events.

People tend to remember information that they can turn into a visual image. Abstract ATC concepts can be learned easier if they are converted into visual images. For example… “When you think about how aircraft turn, think about what a race car does on a curve. An aircraft needs to create a bank just like a race car does around a curve on a raceway”.

People tend to remember more when they can associate the information with something important to them. The brain does not soak in information like a sponge. Every new fact or concept learned is added to an existing chain of information.

Chunking

Mastery Learning

People tend to remember more information when it is presented in clusters or groups. The number of new items people can remember is “Seven: Plus or Minus Two”. In other words, some people can remember only five items and others can remember nine items. Most people cannot recall over nine items. However, people can remember five chunks of the information that may contain several items within each chunk. By chunking, the amount of items remembered can be increased dramatically.

Chunking also helps to form associations for trainees. If information is provided in an organized fashion, trainees will be able to link it more effectively to existing knowledge.

“Mastery Learning” is ensuring that the trainee learns the foundation “chunks” of knowledge and skills before proceeding to the more advanced “chunks”. A quality foundation is needed before building the next stories of a building, and each story of the building is as stable as the one below it.

A weak foundation may prevent a trainee from concentrating on the more advanced skills such as maintaining situation awareness. Correcting foundation problems may free up the trainee to do better thinking.

TOPIC #3

ENHANCING ATC DECISION MAKING

PULLING A CAR OUT INTO TRAFFIC TO MAKE A LEFT-HAND TURN

MAKING A PEANUT BUTTER AND JELLY SANDWICH

EstablishTraining Team

EstablishTraining Team

Discuss Planfor Training

Training Manualand OJF

ProvideOJT

Reaches MonthlyTime Limit

Recommendedfor Certification

Training ReviewConducted

CertificationSkill Check

ContinueOJT

Provide SkillEnhancement

Training

Suspend Training,Convene CEBReview

Satisfactory?

Certified?No

Yes

ContinueOJT

Provide SkillEnhancement

Training

Provide AdditionalTraining

Suspend Training,Convene CEB

CertificationComplete

RevocationProcess

RevocationRecommended?

Yes

NoYes

No

New MOSAssigned

ConductPerformanceSkill Check

TOPIC #4

EXPLAINING COMPLEX CONCEPTS

TOUCHDOWN0 FEET

1 MILE318.4 FEET

2 MILES636.8 FEET

3 MILES955.3 FEET

4 MILES1,273.7 FEET

5 MILES1,592.2 FEET

PRECISION APPROACH3o GLIDESLOPE

AGL or MSL

TDZE

CURVATURE OF THE EARTH

TOPIC #5

UNDERSTANDING THE OJT/CERTIFICATIONPROCESS

AT COACH

TOWER SIM

IPART

PLYWOOD SIM

TAPE TALK

OJF

OJT

TEAM MEETING

TRAINING PLAN

SKILL CHECKS.E.T.

TIME L

IMITS

CEB

TESTING

DATA STACKS

CLASSROOM

DAILY EVAL

PUBLICATIONS

DEBRIEFORIENTATION

SELF STUDY

LQS

LTG

BIG STICK

ORIENTATION FLIGHTS

PREBRIEF

TRAINING REPORTS

ORIENTATION

Form a Training Team

Issue a Training & Readiness Supplement

Issue Publications

Classroom and Self Study

Testing

ORIENTATIONACAD – 8500 Comprehend general ATC knowledge.

ACAD – 8501 Comprehend general ATC terminology.

ACAD – 8502 Comprehend the airfield layout.

ACAD – 8503 Comprehend local area/airfield specific information.

ACAD – 8504 Comprehend location of ATC Facility Emergency/Safety Equipment.

ACAD – 8505 Comprehend ATC emergency procedures and policies.

ACAD – 8506 Comprehend the handling of special flights procedures and policies.

ACAD – 8507 Comprehend basic weather knowledge.

ACAD – 8508 Comprehend information contained in Local Letters of Agreement.

ACAD – 8509 Comprehend knowledge of ATC publications

PROGRESSION

DOCUMENTATIONEvery aspect of training, which includes initial and proficiency, needs to be

documented. We have many means of fulfilling this requirement.

VIDS (Currency and Proficiency)Daily Evaluation Forms4-Day Evaluation FormsPosition Logs (Simulation, Skill Checks, OJF and OJT)Classroom RostersAnnual Skill Check FormsTraining PlansGCA Run Logs (Currency and OJT)Air Traffic Activity ReportsCompleted TestsPrinted CertificatesPost It NotesEmail

DOCUMENTATIONEvery aspect of training, which includes initial and proficiency, needs to be

documented. Things that need to be documented accurately.

OJTOJFSkill ChecksClasses (one on one, group)QualificationsDesignationsSuspensionsTraining PlansTraining Teams/meetingsGCAs conductedAir Traffic ActivityAbsences that affect training

FEEDBACK

Situation #1

A training team reaches agreement that the trainee needs skill enhancement training on voice quality and speed while reading ATC clearances. The skill enhancement training includes the following:

4 hours to observe effective clearance delivery Playback of his/her own audio recordings 2 additional weeks of OJT

Situation #2

The secondary OJTI is away on a 2-week vacation. The primary OJTI calls in sick. The supervisor informs the trainee that OJT will have to wait

until the primary OJTI is back. The trainee asks why another OJTI can’t provide OJT. The supervisor states that only training team members can provide OJT. Another OJTI would have to be added to the training team.

Situation #3

The trainee has reached 75% of OJT time required for certification. The supervisor has just completed the 75% performance skill check. The

trainee’s performance was exemplary. After the performance skill check, all of the training team members agree that the trainee is ready for

certification. Because there is consensus, the supervisor decides to count the performance skill check as the certification skill check.

Situation #4

A trainee has reached 100% of OJT time limit and is assigned 2 additional weeks. The maximum amount of additional OJT for this position is 2

weeks. After completing the additional OJT, the supervisor conducts a certification skill check. The trainee’s performance is still not acceptable.

The training team decides that the trainee should be given skill enhancement training followed by another certification skill check.

Situation #5

A CEB is being conducted for a trainee who has not been able to certify within the time limit and additional OJT time. The training review is being conducted by the ATCFO, the Training Chief, and the Crew Chief, who was

the trainee’s secondary OJTI.

Situation #6

LCpl Smith returned from deployment. He was previously qualified on Tower Flight Data and Ground Control and has been away for 7 months. The Tower Chief conducts a performance skill check on both positions

and determines that LCpl Smith meets performance standards.

Situation #7

A trainee has reached 75% of the OJT time limit on Ground Control. During the course of the 75% performance skill check, the trainee’s

supervisor determines that the trainee has stopped progressing. The trainee’s supervisor suspends training.

Situation #8

The trainee’s supervisor conducted a certification skill check. During the certification skill check, the supervisor did not observe the trainee

perform all job functions because traffic was light. All observed functions were satisfactory. However, the trainee’s supervisor decided that the

trainee could not be certified because one item on the position evaluation was marked “not observed”. During the past performance skill check, the

trainee performed all functions in a satisfactory manner.

TOPIC #6

QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE OJTIs

TOPIC #7

QUALITY TEAMS

TOPIC #8

TRAINING & READINESS REQUIREMENTS

ACAD-8522ACAD-8522 1.0 (*) B L

Goal. Comprehend flight progress strip knowledge.

Requirement. Conduct the following IAW the reference:

1. Describe the methods for updating information on flight progress strips.

2. Label flight progress strips, to include:

a. Arrivals.

b. Departures.

c. Overflights.

d. Enroute aircraft.

3. List aircraft prefixes.

4. List aircraft suffixes.

5. List flight progress strip control information symbols.

ACAD-8522RFD 3 – FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS (ACAD-8522)

Lesson Topic Guide

1. FAA JO 7110.65

2-3-1 General 2-3-4 Terminal Data Entries 2-3-5 Aircraft Identity 2-3-8 Aircraft Equipment Suffix 2-3-10 Control Symbology

2. Facility Manual

5-416 FDIO Test Flight Plans 5-419 Data Entries for NJM 5-429 Stereo Routes and VFR Flight Guarding 5-500 General 5-501 Terminal Data Entries 5-502 Control Symbology 5-503 Departure Strips

3. Airfield Operations Manual

2002 Instructions for Filing and Completing Flight Plans

Local Qualification Standards

Knowledge. Satisfactorily complete test RFD 3. Skills and Abilities

Demonstrate the ability to identify civil and military aircraft using call sign prefixes.Demonstrate the skill to properly complete flight progress strips.Demonstrate the ability to properly forward aircraft equipment suffixes.Demonstrate the ability to use the proper code for test flight plans.Demonstrate the skill to post flight progress strips and data to the appropriate position

Individual has satisfactorily completed all LQS requirements for RFD 3:

ORNT-2000 RFD-3700 RFC-3710 TFD-3600 TGC-3620 TLC-3630 RADC-3720 RAPC-3731ACAD-8500 Comprehend general ATC knowledge XACAD-8501 Comprehend general ATC terminology XACAD-8502 Comprehend the airfield layout XACAD-8503 Comprehend local area/airfield specific information XACAD-8504 Comprehend location of ATC Facility Emergency/Safety Equipment XACAD-8505 Comprehend ATC emergency procedures and policies XACAD-8506 Comprehend the handling of special flights procedures and policies XACAD-8507 Comprehend basic weather knowledge XACAD-8508 Comprehend information contained in Local Letters of Agreement XACAD-8509 Comprehend knowledge of ATC publications XACAD-8520 Comprehend radio and interphone communications knowledge X X X XACAD-8521 Comprehend aircraft movement data knowledge X X X XACAD-8522 Comprehend flight progress strip knowledge X X X X XACAD-8523 Comprehend ATC clearance knowledge and phraseology X X X X XACAD-8524 Comprehend airfield lighting knowledge XACAD-8525 Comprehend requirements and phraseology for Special VFR operations X X X XACAD-8526 Comprehend visual separation, types of approaches, and VFR-on-top procedures X X XACAD-8527 Comprehend Air Traffic Control Phraseology/Communications as it applies to ground control XACAD-8528 Comprehend proper separation to vehicle and aircraft movement as it applies to ground control XACAD-8529 Comprehend Air Traffic Control Phraseology/Communications as it applies to local control XACAD-8530 Comprehend proper separation to vehicle and aircraft movement as it applies to local control XACAD-8531 Comprehend spacing/sequencing/separation in the terminal environment XACAD-8532 Comprehend radar equipment knowledge X XACAD-8533 Comprehend radar final control knowledge XACAD-8534 Comprehend basic radar knowledge X XACAD-8535 Comprehend radar special operations X XACAD-8536 Comprehend arrival/departure/approach control knowledge X XACAD-8537 Comprehend non-radar knowledge XACAD-8538 Comprehend radar coordination procedures X ACAD-8539 Comprehend radar clearance knowledge X XACAD-8540 Comprehend radar spacing and sequencing procedures X XEQPT-2003 Operate fixed control tower structure equipment X XEQPT-2004 Operate control tower messaging equipment X XEQPT-2018 Operate radar equipment X X XEQPT-2019 Operate Radar Flight Data (RFD) equipment XCOMM-2206 Operate control tower communications equipment X XCOMM-2207 Operate radar communications equipment X X

T&R EVENTS

DAY TWO

First Class is

Tower Visibility Observer

If you already have a Tower Visibility Observerdesignation, you do not need to show next Saturday

until 0900L.

DAY TWO

Tower Visibility Observer

The OJT Environment

Standard Operating ProceduresT&R Event 5000T&R Event 5010T&R Event 5020

Training Documentation

Position EvaluationsPosition Logs/VIDS

GCA Run Logs

Cherry Point Training History

TOWERVISIBILITYOBSERVER

TOPIC #9

TOPIC #10

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

TOPIC #11

CONDUCTING PREBRIEFINGS

Situation

During the previous OJT session, the trainee “lost the picture” and you needed to intervene by overriding. Several other people were nearby at

the time. Up to this point, the trainee’s performance had been outstanding. After the override, the trainee was able to recover and

regain control of the situation.

During the debrief, the trainee dwelled on the override. In addition, the trainee appeared upset by the fact that others may have witnessed the

situation. The trainee’s confidence level has been shook up.

Before the next session, you decide to conduct a prebriefing.

What do you want to accomplish in the prebriefing?

How would you conduct the prebriefing?

TOPIC #12

MAINTAINING SITUATION AWARENESS

TOPIC #13

INTERVENING DURING OJT

TOPIC #14

EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK

TOPIC #15/16

DEBRIEFING SKILLS

TOPIC #17

BASIC INSTRUCTOR (BI)

IUT-5000

Goal. Introduce principles of instruction.

Requirement. Given the reference, the BIUT will demonstrate the following with the assistance of a unit instructor:

1. Introduce/discuss/demonstrate instruction techniques.

2. Introduce/discuss/demonstrate class management techniques.

a. How to use class resources to communicate with the student. b. How to properly organize the class for effective instruction.

3. Introduce/discuss/demonstrate how to prepare for a period of instruction.

a. Schedule the class. b. Prepare/access the training materials for the class. c. Prepare the evaluation form to be used to evaluate the students event performance, as applicable.

Performance Standard.

1. The instructor will assess the BIUT’s understanding of the principles of instruction verbally.

2. The BIUT will answer the questions with enough detail to demonstrate event required knowledge.

3. The BIUT will physically demonstrate proper instruction and classroom techniques.

4. The BIUT will demonstrate how to schedule and prepare to instruct an event.

IUT-5010

Goal. Understand the structure of an event.

Requirement. Using the community T&R manual, discuss the following with an instructor:

1. State the purpose of a T&R event.

2. Describe the structure of a T&R event and explain the purpose and content for each event section.

3. Using the given event, explain each section as it pertains to the event.

a. Explain the purpose and content of the goal. b. Explain the requirement condition and performance steps for the event and what needs to be done to prepare to instruct the event. c. Explain how the event performance standard is measured and when the event has been completed. d. State who can instruct the event. e. State the event prerequisite and how to verify that it was completed. f. Explain how the external syllabus support requirement will be resourced. g. State the references required and how each would be used to train the event. Performance Standard. Without the aid of references and during a discussion session, the BIUT shall demonstrate an understanding of the structure of T&R events. During this session, the instructor shall discuss the event content and question the student throughout the training session to ensure understanding.

IUT-5020

Goal. Conduct a period of instruction on a T&R event.

Requirement. The BIUT, under the supervision of an instructor, will learn how to conduct a period of instruction on an event selected by the instructor. The event must be one the BIUT is current and proficient in. The BIUT will be able to:

1. State the instructor responsibilities.

2. Define the purpose and content of a T&R event per the aviation T&R program manual.

3. Prepare to train the event.

a. Review the trainee’s PR to identify required training for the event selected. b. Ensure the student has met prerequisites for the event to be trained. c. Develop a student training plan to ensure progression per this manual. d. Schedule the training event (facilities and students). e. Gather the resources necessary to conduct the training (instructional materials, references and equipment). f. Prepare an evaluation form for each student to be evaluated.

4. Conduct training on the event selected:

a. Ensure all training resources are properly staged/equipment if set up properly for training. b. Instruct the student in a thorough manner so as to cover all requirements for the event. c. Ensure continuous, objective assessment of the students’ progress during training.

5. Assess student performance:

a. Assess the students’ performance to the performance standard. b. Correct student deficiencies in a timely manner and provide the student feedback. c. Complete the evaluation form for each student trained. d. Debrief students on their performance and provide corrective action.

6. Route evaluation form, as required.

Performance Standard. Complete the requirement items IAW the reference. Instructor shall question the BIUT to check for understanding of the BI responsibilities.

TOPIC #18

COMPLETING POSITION EVALUATIONS

ONE DAY EVALUATION – MCAS FORM 3722-25USED FOR

SKILL CHECKS (Except Annuals)QUALIFICATIONONE-ON-ONE CLASSESTAPE TALKSRECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGNATIONS

FOUR DAY EVALUATION – MCAS FORM 3722-17USED FOR

OJTSIMULATION

POSITION LOG DRILLTOPIC #19UNDERSTANDING

MOTIVATION

TOPIC #20

COACHING TECHNIQUES

TOPIC #21

POSITION LOGS/VIDS

POSITION LOGS

Position Log

(5)TIME ON

(6)INITIALS

(7)TIME OFF

(8)CODE (9) POSITION IDENTIFIER

Where Combined

(10) PositionType

(1) FACILITY ID (2) POSITION IDENTIFIER (3) POS TYPE (4) DATE

CODE:C = ATCS/ATAS = Supervisor, Staff Spec.T = Trainee/Developmental

FAA FORM 7230-10 (6-94) PAGE 1

M = Trainee/Developmental MonitoringR = Trainee/Developmental Certification/

Evaluation

NSN: 0052-00-024-6102

1 1 1 0

N K T A P E

D H1 2 4 0

1 3 1 1 3 0

1 3 0 01 6 4 51 9 0 0

J RJ RR ADW D J

1 2 4 01 3 0 01 5 0 01 7 4 01 9 3 0

MA

T

TT T P

T H

S C

Position Log

(5)TIME ON

(6)INITIALS

(7)TIME OFF

(8)CODE (9) POSITION IDENTIFIER

Where Combined

(10) PositionType

(1) FACILITY ID (2) POSITION IDENTIFIER (3) POS TYPE (4) DATE

CODE:C = ATCS/ATAS = Supervisor, Staff Spec.T = Trainee/Developmental

FAA FORM 7230-10 (6-94) PAGE 1

M = Trainee/Developmental MonitoringR = Trainee/Developmental Certification/

Evaluation

NSN: 0052-00-024-6102

1 1 1 0

N K T A P W

A V1 2 4 0

1 3 1 1 3 0

1 3 0 01 6 4 51 9 0 0

N MC EM KD H N P

1 2 4 01 3 0 01 5 0 01 7 4 01 9 3 0

FA

T

TT T P

T K

B S N AN

N

Old Codes

New CodesC – Controller responsible for the position. (no trainee)T – Trainee. I – OJT Instructor responsible for the position.Q – Qualifier for trainee qualification/certification.A – Controller responsible for the position receiving an Annual Evaluation.F – Position Familiarization (only used on a “shadow position”).

C – Controller responsible for the position.T – Trainee receiving OJT.R – Controller/Trainee receiving a skill check.M – Trainee Monitoring (OJF)S – Supervisor/Staff Specialist

Position Log

(5)TIME ON

(6)INITIALS

(7)TIME OFF

(8)CODE (9) POSITION IDENTIFIER

Where Combined

(10) PositionType

(1) FACILITY ID (2) POSITION IDENTIFIER (3) POS TYPE (4) DATE

CODE:C = ATCS/ATAS = Supervisor, Staff Spec.T = Trainee/Developmental

FAA FORM 7230-10 (6-94) PAGE 1

M = Trainee/Developmental MonitoringR = Trainee/Developmental Certification/

Evaluation

NSN: 0052-00-024-6102

1 1 0 0

N K T I P A R T S M

M G1 1 0 0

1 3 1 1 3 0

1 3 3 01 6 0 01 6 0 0

5V BS DM MB T F C

N H

1 5 0 01 3 3 01 5 0 01 7 3 01 7 3 0

Q

CT

T

C

1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0

T

N P1 8 0 0

F C

2 0 0 0 T

1 0

Time On

Initials

Time Off

Code

Number ofSimulated RadarApproaches

SimulatedPosition

PositionIdentifier

PositionType

F C

F C

B H1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 F

F C

F C

F C

F C

Position Log

(5)TIME ON

(6)INITIALS

(7)TIME OFF

(8)CODE (9) POSITION IDENTIFIER

Where Combined(10) Position

Type

(1) FACILITY ID (2) POSITION IDENTIFIER (3) POS TYPE (4) DATE

CODE:C = ATCS/ATAS = Supervisor, Staff Spec.T = Trainee/Developmental

FAA FORM 7230-10 (6-94) PAGE 1

M = Trainee/Developmental MonitoringR = Trainee/Developmental Certification/

Evaluation

NSN: 0052-00-024-6102

1 1 1 3

N K T A P E

J S1 3 1 5

1 3 1 1 3 0

1 5 0 01 9 0 02 1 2 0

B PJ DJ RE M

J K

J W

1 2 4 51 4 0 01 5 2 02 1 2 02 2 4 7 T

TAAT N

N

2 2 5 0 2 3 3 4 F

B T

H HA Y

N

N A

Time On

Trainee/Controller

Time OffCode

PositionIdentifier

Instructor/Examiner

Facility I D PositionIdentifier

PositionType Date

R CN A

NEARLY 20% OF ENTRIES FOR BLOCK 9 ARE BLANK

TOPIC #22

GCA RUN LOGS

OT14 C130 L TP BK 1358 14 23 NO GYROOT14 C130 LZ TP BK 1410 14 23 SAAMA911 HAR F TP BK 1430 13 23 NE PAD

130214

201312

ATTENTION TO DETAIL

Block 9 left blank on AE position logs – 166 out of 865 (19%)Wrong or no position log entry for GCA training – 232 out of 407 (57%)No approaches recorded for GCA simulations – 33 out of 313 (11%)

Neo was an instructor for 23 hours on the simulators,

66 hours in the classroom, 99 hours of OJT and 17 hours of OJF due to incorrect, illegible, or missing

information on logs and evaluations.

TOPIC #23

CHERRY POINT TRAINING HISTORY