CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL
Structure Fluid between cell
membrane & organelles
Contains water, salts, organic compounds
Function Aids in movement
Cell Type Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus Structure
Double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Function Control center of the cell Stores hereditary info
(DNA) Makes RNA and protein
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleolus
Structure Nonmembrane bound structure
Function Makes ribosomes (nucleolus)
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
RIBOSOMES Structure
Made of proteins and RNA No membrane Most numerous organelle Made in nucleus (specifically in
nucleolus) Function
Aids in protein synthesis Free ribosomes make proteins
used by the cell Ribosomes on rER make proteins
for export to other cells Cell Type
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
ROUGH ER Structure
Internal membrane is a system of folded sacs and tunnels
Has ribosomes Function
Intracellular highway Molecules move from
one part of cell to another to be exported out of cell
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
SMOOTH ER
Structure Internal membrane of
systems of folded sacs and tunnels
NO ribosomes Function
Intracellular highway Storage area for
proteins Cell Type
Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
GOLGI APPARATUS
Structure Stack of membranes or
sacs filled with fluid Function
Processing, packaging, and secreting organelle
Helps with protein synthesis
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
VACUOLES
Structure Fluid filled organelles Very large
Function Stores enzymes Stores waste
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells (large) Animal Cells (small)
MITOCHONDRIA Structure
Double membrane Have own DNA Very numerous in high
requirement cells (muscles)
Function Powerhouse of the cell
(energy) Transfers energy into
ATP to be used as energy for life functions
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
CHLOROPLASTS
Structure Double membrane Contains DNA Contains green
pigment (chlorophyll) Function
Responsible for photosynthesis
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells
CYTOSKELETON Structure
Network of long protein strands
Located in the cytosol No membranes
Function Support Help with movement of
organelles in the cytosol Cell Type
Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
CELL WALL
Structure Wall outside
membrane Made of cellulose Has pores
Function Protect Support
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells
CILIA
Structure Short hair-like
projections numerous
Function Movement
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells
FLAGELLA
Structure long projections
that move in whip like
fashion Function
Movement Cell Type
Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells
LYSOSOMES
Structure Spherical organelles Contain enzymes
Function Digestion
Organic molecules Old organelles Foreign substances
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
Chromatin
Structure Strands of genetic
material Function
Genetic information of the cell
Cell Type Eukaryotic and
Prokaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells
PLASTIDS
Structure Membrane bound
organelle Function
Storage (starches, lipids, pigments)
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells
CENTRIOLE
Structure Made of
microtubules Occur in pairs
Function Aid in cell division
Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells
CELL MEMBRANE
Structure Lipid bilayer Proteins
Function Selectively permeable Boundary for cell
(protection) Cell Type
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Analogy - Factory
Cell membrane The doors to the
factory Ribosomes
The room where the item is made
Vacuoles Storage room
Mitochondria Generator room
Lysosome Garbage cans
ER Hallways
Nucleus Main office
Golgi Apparatus Assembly area
Cell Wall The outer walls