Cyber Security Services
www.pwc.com
Cyber Warfare Realities
Kevin KirstPwC Switzerland
Agenda
• Background
• Cyber Warfare
• National Cyber Investments
• The Components
PwC
• Recent Activity
• Why hasn’t it happened yet?
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My Background
US Military Officer (Pacific Area of Operations)
• Comms & IT Infrastructure
• Military Satellites
• Cyber Operations
PwC
KPMG
• DoD Consulting
Booz Allen Hamilton
• DoD Cyber Threat Intelligence & Operations
PwC Switzerland
• OneSecurity – Cyber Security
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Background
“The use of electronic means makes it possible to steal large quantitiesof data at once or within a short time. Such cases of sophisticatedelectronic espionage are regularly recorded.”
-Federal Intelligence Services Switzerland 2013
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“The FIS has clear indications that the authorities of various countrieshave been directly or indirectly involved in cyber attacks.”
-Federal Intelligence Services Switzerland 2013
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Federal Intelligence Services 2013
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Cyber Threats
What is cyber warfare?
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Who is investing in Cyber?
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China
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APT1: Unit 61398 (2013)
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Cyber Warfare components
Computer Network Operations (CNO)
• Computer Network Exploitation (CNE)
• Computer Network Defense (CND)
• Computer Network Attack (CNA)
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Exploit to Attack?
“Any cyber operation that results in death or significant damage toproperty qualifies as an armed attack.” –Talinn Manual
The Tallinn Manual
• States may not knowingly allow cyber infrastructure located intheir territory to be used for acts that adversely affect other States.
• States may be responsible for cyber operations directed against otherStates, even though those operations were not conducted by thesecurity agencies. (i.e. hacktivist)
PwC
• The International Group of Experts agreed that cyber operations thatmerely cause inconvenience or irritation do not qualify as usesof force.
• States may respond to unlawful cyber operations that do not rise tothe level of a use of force with countermeasures.
• A State that is the victim of a cyber “armed attack” may respond byusing force. The force may be either cyber or kinetic.
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Activity Quick Look
Recent Activity:
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Why hasn’t it happened yet?
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Obfuscation
Definitions
Attribution
Confidence
These are easier to respond too….and to use
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Obfuscation Definitions
Attribution Confidence
Conclusion
“....the risk of misattribution and escalation is real, and we always haveto consider the broad foreign policy implications of our actions.”
- Michael Daniel, White House Cybersecurity Coordinator
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Questions?
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PwC’s Cyber Security Services
Current Service Offerings:
• Cyber Threat Assessment
• Cyber Intelligence Assessment
PwC
• Cyber Stress Tests
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Antoine Berthaut
Avenue Giuseppe-Motta 50
1211 Genève
Direct: +41 58 792 [email protected]
Contact us
Robert Metcalf
Avenue Giuseppe-Motta 50
1211 Genève
Direct: +41 58 792 9242
PwC
Thomas Koch
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 Zürich
Direct: +41 58 792 2954
Holger Greif
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 Zürich
Direct: +41 58 792 1386
18Gianfranco Mautone
Birchstrasse 160Postfach, 8050 ZürichDirect: +41 58 792 1760
Juergen Mueller
Avenue avenue C.-F. -Ramuz 45Case postale, 1001 Lausanne
Direct: +41 58 792 8141
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