Current Status on GHG
Inventory for Agriculture
Bengkel Perancangan dan Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Teknikal Inventori GHG Bil.2/2013,
19 Disember 2013, Hotel Shangri-La, Putrajaya
Mohd Fairuz b. Md Suptian Research Officer
Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI)
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Malaysia’s GHG Inventory
GHG Agricultural Inventory
Status of activity data collection
Future Plans
Introduction:
Greenhouse Gas and Agriculture Globally
Agricultural lands occupy about 40 - 50% of the Earth’s
land surface.
Accounted for an estimated emission of 5.1 to 6.1
GtCO2-eq/yr in 2005 (10-12% of total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs))
Agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions have increased by
nearly 17% from 1990 to 2005, an average annual emission increase of about 60 MtCO2-eq/yr.
Introduction:
GHG and Agricultural Sector (Malaysia)
In 1994, GHG from agricultural activities estimated at
14.8% of CH4 and 13.3% of N2O from the total country
emission (INC, 2000).
In 2000, the sector contributed 3% of the total GHGs. -
the major emitter for N2O (agricultural soils; 60% and manure
management; 30%) and one of the main contributor of CH4 (emissions from rice production; 3.6% and from enteric fermentation in
domestic livestock; 1.8%) – (NC2, 2011).
Malaysia’s GHG Inventory
Sectoral
1. Energy – Green Tech Malaysia
2. Industrial Processes – Green Tech Malaysia
3. Waste – DOE
4. LULUCF – FRIM
5. Agriculture – MARDI
Agencies & Institutions in AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Coordinator (Data Compiler) :
Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI)
Stakeholders (Data Provider):
1. Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industries (MOA)
2. Department of Statistics (DOS)
3. Department of Agriculture (DOA)
4. Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)
5. Department of Fisheries (DOF)
6. Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB)
7. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
8. Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM)
9. Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board (MPIB)
10. Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA)
11. Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)
12. Integrated Agriculture Development Area (IADA)
13. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
AGRICULTURE SECTOR
New Stakeholders Starting 2013 (Data Provider) :
Department of Environment (DOE)
Universities
1) Fakulti Pertanian, UPM
2) Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Sumber, UniMAS
3) Sekolah Pertanian Lestari, UMS
NC2: Agriculture Inventory
1. Base year 2000
2. Submitted in 2011
3. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
4. Local activity data from various sources
5. Emission factors from IPCC defaults
6. Assumptions forwarded where necessary
7. Emissions was calculated using IPCC worksheets module 4
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
BUR: Agriculture Inventory
1. Base year 2011
2. Will be submitted in 2015
3. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
4. Local activity data from various sources
5. Emission factors from IPCC defaults - Preliminary
6. Assumptions will be forwarded where necessary
7. Emissions will be calculated using IPCC worksheets / ALU / NAIIS
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
GHG Agricultural Inventory (IPCC 1996 GL)
GHG Sources:
Domestic Livestock
Rice Cultivation
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Agricultural Soils
Prescribed Burning of Savannas
0%
22%16%
30%32%
Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils Enteric Fermentation
Manure Management Agriculture Burning
The partitioning of agriculture GHG inventory in 2000 (NC2; 2011)
Agriculture Inventory
1. Domestic Livestock
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
i) Enteric Fermentation
Digestive system:
- Ruminant (e.g. cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep)
- Pseudo-ruminant (e.g. horses)
- Monogastric (e.g. swine)
Feed intake:
- Animal size
- Growth rate
- Production (e.g. milk, wool, pregnancy)
ii) Manure Managements
Decomposition of organic material in an anaerobic conditions
- Number of animals
- Amount per animal
>>> How the waste is managed <<<
Agriculture Inventory - Livestock Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
1. IPCC Listing
• Dairy Cattle
• Non-dairy Cattle
• Buffalo • Sheep
• Goats
• Camels
• Horses
• Mules and Asses
• Swine
• Poultry
2. Manure Managements
Anaerobic Lagoon
Liquid system
Daily Spread
Solid storage and Drylot
Pasture Range and Paddock
Fuels
Others
IPCC Water Regimes
- Upland
- Lowland
- Irrigated - Continuously flooded
- Intermittently flooded
- Rainfed
- Deep water rice
Agriculture Inventory
: Flooded Rice
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
AGRICULTURE GHG INVENTORY MEETING
1. 31 Jan 2013 – MARDI HQ (Serdang)
Number of participants: 25
AGRICULTURE GHG INVENTORY WORKSHOP
1. 1-2 July 2013 – Mines Wellness Hotel
Number of participants: 23
ACTIVITIES DONE IN 2013
STATUS OF ACTIVITY DATA COLLECTION
Domestic Livestock
Main source of data collected is from livestock national statistic provided by DVS
Collection of activity data (annual population of domestic livestock) – complete collected for 2005 – 2010
No national activity data for manure management published
there is little problem in completing data requirements for enhanced livestock categories in ALU Software :
i. data requirements too detailed ii. some terms used are confusing
Plan for next activities for livestock
Further discussions will be held for a final decision on whether to continue with Tier 2 (enhanced categories in ALU) or to stick with Tier 1 (basic) depending on data availability
We are intended to seek the cooperation from
universities doing researches related to emission factors – to gather informations; relevant data and their expert opinions
Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)
– Enteric Methane
Source Subsource Population Quantity (Gg CH4)
CO2 equivalents (Gg)
Enteric methane 2005 161619904 39.9 837.85 2006 185526208 46.15 969.07
2007 200827808 49.61 1041.8
2008 205754592 50.95 1069.91 2009 240960096 50.53 1061.11
2010 231518000 49.28 1034.78
Source Subsource Quantity (Gg
CH4) CO2 equivalents
(Gg)
Manure Methane 2005 16.77 352.26
2006 21.35 448.45
2007 21.94 460.66
2008 20.12 422.57
2009 21.61 453.81
2010 21.65 454.6
– Manure Methane
Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)
– Manure Nitrous Oxide
Source Subsource Quantity (Gg
N2O) CO2 equivalents
(Gg)
Manure Nitrous Oxide 2005 3.324 1030.478
2006 3.827 1186.445
2007 4.21 1305.138
2008 4.355 1350.019
2009 4.951 1534.687
2010 4.965 1539.281
Rice Cultivation
Data providers are MADA, KADA, IADA, DOA and MARDI National statistics only reported for rice planted in
granary areas (planted twice a year) Areas outside the granary normally planted single
cropping a year during the main season (rainy season) that totally dependent on rainfall.
No farmers purposely practice mid-season drainage either for single aeration or multiple aeration.
Status: completed for 2005 & 2010
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Local experts indicate that there was no burning activity for FL, WL, GL, ST & OL
In Croplands, burning activity identified to be reported for BUR is from rice fields. However, the hectarage is too small (15ha). Most of burning activities of agricultural waste in Malaysia reported as illegal (DOE expert)
Rice straw in rice fields is burned only during off season (dry weather condition)
Data providers are MADA, KADA, IADA, MARDI and DOE
Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)
Source Year Area Quantity (Gg CH4)
CO2 equivalents (Gg)
Rice Methane 2005 881922 176.38 3704.07
2010 857442 171.49 3601.26
Agricultural Soils
Data providers are MPOB, MRB, DOA, MARDI, DOF, MADA, KADA, IADA
Data from FAOStat also will be used Local experts indicate that there were no lime
and urea application for FL, ST, OL Status: incomplete
Issues on data collecting for agricultural
soils
• Difficulties in obtaining comprehensive data on total
fertilizer and liming usage in Malaysia. Particularly dealing with the amount on imports, exports and local
productions.
• Current data on fertilizers are specific (fertilizer types etc) only on the amount of export and import. Data on
local fertilizer production needs to be consulted with
industrial key players such as Petronas Fertilizers, NAFAS
and other companies.
• For liming, amount for non-soil uses is difficult to be
quantified. Lime is also being largely used for other
industries as well.
Future Plans Round-table meetings/workshops with each of Sub-
category(livestock, rice, agricultural soils) in agriculture sector separately.
Continue on data collection
Data key-in : ALU / UNFCCC / NAIIS Software ??
Verification of data collected and emission factors used
~ TERIMA KASIH ~