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Computer OrganizationANGELITO I. CUNANAN JR.
2What is Computer?
An electronic device used for storing and processing data.
It is a machine that can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer process the data to produce information.
The word computer was taken from Latin word Computare means “Calculate”.
3Basic Function of a Computer…
Takes input, process it according to stored instructions and produces results as output.
INPUTOUTPU
TPROCESS
STORAGE
4Three Core Aspects of Computer…
HardwarePhysical parts or components of a computer.
SoftwareSets of instructions, data, and programs that helps computers to do things.
PeoplewareWho actually use computers. People itself.
55 Categories of Hardware Device…
1. Input. These devices provide humans with a way to input data into the computer, so that the computer can process it into information.
Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Scanner, Biometric reader…
2. Processing. These devices process your data (raw facts) into information (something useful to humans).
Central Processing Unit (CPU), Motherboard…
3. Output. These devices provide the computer with a means of outputting what it has processed.
Monitor, Printer, Projector…
65 Categories of Hardware Device… (continued)
4. Storage. These devices provide the computer with a means of storing what it has processed.
Hard drive, Memory (RAM), USB Drive…
5. Communication. These devices allow computers to communicate with other computers via computer networks, such as Local Area Networks or the Internet.
Network Card Interface (NIC), Router…
72 Main Categories of Software…
1. System. System software is the software that communicates directly with the computer. It provides the interface between you and the computer. This software can be divided into 3 main categories.
Operating System (OS)
Utilities
Language Translators
82 Main Categories of Software… (continued)
2. Applications. Applications software is software written to be “applied” to a particular task, such as creating text documents or graphics. These programs are interpreted and run by the Operating System. Applications software can be categorized into many types. Here are several categories of popular software.
Word Processing
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheets
Database Management
Browsers
9What is Computer System?
A complete, working computer. Computer system will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function.
Basically divided into:
• Computer Architecture
• Computer Organization
10Computer Architecture
Refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have direct impact on the logical execution of program.
11Computer Organization
Refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
Integration between systems.
*Each computer version have different organization.
12Computer Classification…
CPU speed
The number of register inside CPU
Main memory size
Secondary memory size
Complexity of operating system
Physical size
Cyber memory space
The multiple-programming degree
Cost
13Function and Structure…
Structure. The way in which the components are interrelated or communicates to each other.
Function. The operation of each individual component as part of the structure.
14Function…
Four basic functions that computer can perform:
1. Data Processing
2. Data Storage
3. Data Movement
Peripheral
Data Communications
4. Control
15Function… (continued)
Functional view of computerData
Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing
Facility
Data Storage Facility
16
Possible Computer Operations
Movement
Control
ProcessingStorage A
Movement
Control
ProcessingStorage B
Movement
Control
ProcessingStorage C
Movement
Control
ProcessingStorage D
17Structure…
Four main structural components:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Main Memory
3. I/O
4. System interconnection
18Computer Main Structure…
ComputerSYSTEM
INTERCONNECTION
MAIN MEMORY
INPUT OUTPUT
CPU
Operating Environment(Source and Destination of Data)
Peripherals
Communication Lines
Computer
19Structure - CPU
► Registers
► Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
► Internal Bus
Three main groups of lines
1. Data bus
2. Address bus
3. Control bus
► Control Unit
20Structure – CPU (Diagram)
SYSTEM BUS
CPU
IO
MEMORY INTERNAL CPU INTERCONNECTION
ARITHMETIC LOGIC
UNIT
CONTROL UNIT
REGISTERS
CPU