COMPONENTS REQUIRED

• STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER:

Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped

down depending upon value of dc needed

In our project 230v ac appear as 15v ac across

secondary winding

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

BLOCK DIAGRAM : +5 Volts +12 Volts -12 Volts

Step Down Transformer

Bridge Rectifier

Positive Charge Capacitor

Positive Voltage Regulator IC 7812

Negative Charge Capacitor

LPF

Negative Voltage Regulator IC 7912

LPF

+5V Regulator LPF

PassiveTransducer

Excitation Power Source

+-

+-

0 to 100 % of physical impact

Output will be 0 if the Excitation is maximum for 0 to 100 % impact

Signal Conditioner To ADC10

Ω

+4 - 20 m A -

RECTIFIER UNIT

• Op-amp rectifier are used to convert ac to

dc(IC LM 1458)

CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP

It must be tunable

It should not load pt and ct

It should not have any conduction losses

RELAYS

• Main function of relay is to detect the fault and intiate the operation of circuit breaker

ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS

These relays acts as a switches which

provides contact between two

mechanical element

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER

• CURRENT TRANSFORMER

They are used so that ammeter and

currents coils of instruments and relays

need not be connected directly to high

voltage line

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER

• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

High alternating voltage are reduced in a

fixed proportion for the measurement

purpose with help of potential transformer

FILTERING UNIT

• It consists of capacitor acting as surge arrester

• To by pass ripples and high frequency signals

• It allows only low frequency signals

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

• It helps rectifier and filter circuit in providing a constant dc voltage to device

FIVE MODULES OF SCADA

• DATA ACQUIRING

• DATA PROCESSING

DATA CONVERSION

• DATA MANIPULATION

• DATA TRANSMISSION

DATA ACQUIRING

• It acquires variable status like temperature

pressure,flow etc

components of data acquistion are from simple thermocouple to complex gas analyser

Active transducer

Passive transducer

ACTIVE TRANSDUCER

• They are self generative as per physical variations offered to it

• ADVANTAGE

Reliable

low cost

better inter changablity

wide operating temperature

PASSIVE TRANSDUCER

• These types of transducer have output will be full or partial of excitation

• ADVANTAGE

available in all size

DISADVANTAGE

output will be reliable only if excitation

source is reliable

DATA ACQUIRING

• Flame detection

• Intruder detection

• Bomb detection

• Cable fault detection

• Staff attendance maintenance

• FLAME DETECTION

It can be used to detect fire in relays, generator ,contacts with help of LDR

INTRUDER DETECTION

BOMB DETECTION

• SENSOR

Inductive proximity sensor

It can be used to detect even rdx bomb

DATA PROCESSING

• It is much essential in field instrumentation for safe and secured operations of process industries

DATA CONVERSION

• It is the process of converting analog into computing data

example of data converters are ADC and DAC

DATA MANUPILATION

• It is the simple calculation between real value and ADC value

it comprises of

• Recording of values

• Graphical output

• Indication

• Controlling all application

DATA TRANSMISSION

• It forms bridge between master control room and sub system area

• Radio frequency can be utilized for data communication