WORM PHLYA• Worms are general grouping
• Worms have bilateral symmetry
• Worms are the beginning of advanced inverts
–Organs and other specialization
–Complete digestive tracts
–Body cavity/ coelem• found in most bilateral animals
• organs are suspended in this space
Worm Phylas• Worms are soft bodied so they
mostly live in tubes, burrows or under something
• Feeding ranges from parasites to carnivorous hunters
• Some worms create mucous nets to catch food while they are safe in their burrow
Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
– Central nervous system (brain)
– Muscles
– Flat and thin so gas and nutrients can diffuse right into their body
– Incomplete DT
– No body cavity
– Hermaphrodites: sexual and asexual reproduction
Class Turbellaria–Mostly bottom dwellers, living in
sand or mud under rocks–Carnivorous: eat other inverts–Most common marine flatworms
Class Trematode- Flukes
Parasitic- thick cuticle for protection
Adults live in a vertebrate like a fish, larvae live in a invertebrate like a snail.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundantion - Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSpecimen: Trematode sp. (400x
• Class Cestode- Tapeworms
–Long segmented bodies carrying many generations of new tapeworms
–A single segment can contain 100,000 eggs
–Parasitic
www.dscc.edu/bwilliams/Biology2/bio2animal.htm
Tapeworm found on Tiger sharks and mackerel.http://www.marineparasitology.com/Papers/Palm%20&%20Klimpel%202007.pdf
biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/SimpleAnimals.htm
Nemertea- Ribbon worms• Nervous system with a brain
• Muscles
• Circulatory System with blood vessels
• Complete digestive tract (mouth and anus)
• No body cavity
• Mostly separate sexes
• Sense organs
Ribbon worms continued-
• Stretchy bodies (8 in can stretch to 3 ft)
• Gather food with a proboscis that everts from inside them to catch food
• Proboscis may be sticky or poisoned
Nematode - Roundworms-Nervous system and brain
-Muscles
-Closed circulatory system
-Complete digestive tract
-Body cavity
- Separate sexes / sexual repro
- Have to molt cuticle as they grow
Annelida – Segmented Worms
–Head-like area with a brain–Muscles–Closed circulatory system
–Complete DT–Body cavity–Hermaphroditic/ sexual
Annelids continued• Most diverse of worms
• Segmentation- repeated compartments
–Helps with motion
–Allows for appendages
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20Laboratory/Animal%20Diversity/Lophotrochozoans/img012.jpg
Class Polychaeta
• Each segment has a flattened extension called parapodia
• Gills for breathing
www.freewebs.com/.../subclasserrantia.htm
Class Oligochaete
• burrow in mud and sand
• scavengerswww.inhs.uiuc.edu/.../AOGSMNP.OligoIntro.html
• Class Hirudinea
• Live on whatever they are “eating”
• Parastic / blood sucking
• Sucker at each end
aqua.intervet.com/news/2007-11-25.aspx
Pogonophora –Beard Worms
• Nervous system
• Muscles
• Closed CS
• Lack a digestive system
• Body Cavity
• Sexual repro
White Tube worm
Tube worms
www.nematodes.org/.../odl_pogonophora.html
Vent community worms, live in tubesUse bacteria in them to manufacture food
Lophophorates…colonial worms
• All the features of complex orgs
• Lophophore- unique feeding structure with ciliated tentacles –Suspension feeders
• Bryozoans and Phoronids
Photomicrograph of Osedax
mucofloris, which means bone-eating snot-flower)
the new species of marine worm © The Natural History Museum, London 2005.
Scientists from the Natural History Museum and Göteborg University in Sweden have discovered a large colony of the worm growing on the bones of a minke whale in the North Sea.