Collabora'veMappingandtheReliabilityofVolunteeredDataChris'anVoigt*,SusuDobner*,ManuelaSchmidt
*CentreforSocialInnova'on(TechnologyandKnowledge)
CentreforSocialInnova'on|Dr.Chris'anVoigt
Background:Growingpar'cipa'oncultures
• Increaseofpar'cipa'onplaFormssuchas– Wikipedia.com(crea'ngknowledgecollec'vely)
– Thingiverse.com(sharingdigitaldesigns)
– Wheelmap.org(collec'ngaccessibility)
• Newopportuni'estoaddresscurrentsocietalproblems...
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Whatisthechallenge?• Problem(quan'ty–qualitytradeoff):Ongoingengagementofexis'ngandnewci'zensinpar'cipa'onplaForms,whichisneededinordertoensurequan'tyofcontribu'onsaswellasqualityandconsistencyofcontribu'ons(i.e.thereliabilityofindicatedaccessibilitycondi'ons).
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ResearchQues'ons
a) Whichopera'onalanconceptualpiFallsneedtobeaddressedinordertoimprovemappingoutcomes?
b) Towhatdegreecanweinscribe‘MappingKnowledge’intothedesignsofmappingtools?…e.g.categoricalversusfunc-onalmapping
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CategoricalMapping:Thecoloryellow
• Trafficlightmetaphor• ViennaCaseStudy:
55volunteeringstudents(47%ofclass),‘Thema'cCartography(OctobertoDecember2014),
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Mappingambigui'es
49%ofrevisited‘yellowplaces’changed!
Changingaccessibilitystatuses
(1) aplacecontainedmul'ple,aggregatedbarriers
(2) themapperexpandedhisorherveryno'onofwhatabarrieris
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Approach:Cri'calCartography
• ‚Cri'cal‘=reflectaboutfunc'onalityandpurposeofamap[10]
• useofsemi-structuredmappingprotocolsincluding– abriefcommentonthecondi'onsthatmo'vatedacategoriza'on,
– photographsofmappedplaces– areflec'ononhowthemappingimpactedtheirpercep'onofurbanaccessibility
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Methodology
• DiscussingurbanaccessibilityandOSM• Mappingincludingreflec'veprotocols• Tworesearcherscodedtheprotocols– numberofbarriersconsidered– typeofbarriersconsidered– valueofphotos(addi'onal,non-verbalinforma'on)
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Mappingac'vi'es– mappedtheaccessibilityofnewplaces(n=279),– revisitedplacesthathadbeencategorizedas'par'allywheelchairaccessible'(n=166)andtookphotos
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Aggrega'onofbarriers• thelikelihoodofaplacetochangeto'notaccessible'isalmost
twiceashigh(25%versus47%)ifmapperstakeintoaccountmul'plebarriers.
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Figure: Impact of aggregated barriers on categorization changes (n=127).
Ourconceptualiza'onsofbarriersmaSer
• 'Steps'ismen'onedonWheelmap'smobileappinterface,hencea'pre-scrip've'category
• 'Narrowness'isanemerging,descrip'vecategory• Bothcategorieshavesimilareffects,inturningplacesfrom
'par'allyaccessible'to'notaccessible'(31%vs.39%)
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Amplifiedno'onsofbarriers
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Outlook:Par'cipatoryDesignandProjectTango(Google)
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PD-WorkingDefini'on
• Defini'on:Par'cipatorydesignaimsformutuallearningsitua'ons,basedoncollec'vereflec'on[5]
• Leverage:users'prac'ce-basedknowledgetocreatesustainablechanges[4].
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GoogleTango:3DSensing• trialingnewhardware,aspart
oftheGoogleTangoProject(3DSensorsandMo'onTracking)
• Integra'onwithexis'ngWheelmapApp
• newHardware:3DSensoren,Mo'onTrackingCameras
• Tes'ngrobustnessofmeassures(speciallyslopes)
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• App:Measure-It• OSM-tag“width=0.9”?
Summary• Par'cipatorymappingisamutuallearningsitua'on,hencecrea'ngawarenessforhowimportantaccessibilityis
• Volunteersaddlocalknowledgeand‘livedexperiences’
• Par'cipatorymapping,i.e.theworkofvolunteers,isnotmeantasareplacementforneededinforma'ongatheringac'vi'esfrommunicipalityworkers
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