7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 1/60
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 2/60
apply innovation
Slide
2
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanning
performance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 3/60
apply innovation
Slide
3
ro!ing applications - factors
Manufacturers need a range ofmeasurement solutions.
Why?
• Machining processes have different
levels of stability:− Sta!le form "
− therefore control size and position
⇒ Discrete point measurement
− #orm variation significant "
− therefore form must be measured and
controlled
⇒ Scanning
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 4/60
apply innovation
Slide
4
ro!ing applications - factors
Manufacturers need a range ofmeasurement solutions.
Why?
• eatures have different functions:
− for clearance or location
−form is not important
⇒ Discrete point measurement
− for functional fits
−form is critical and must be controlled⇒ Scanning
Measured values
$est fit circle
Maximum inscri!ed
%functional fit& circle
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 5/60
apply innovation
Slide
5
Discrete point measurement
Ideal for controlling the position or si'e ofclearance and location features
! "ata capture rates of ( or ) points per
second
! #voids stylus $ear
! Touch-trigger pro!es are ideal
% lo$er cost& small size and great versatility
! Scanning pro!es can also be used % passive pro!es can probe 'uic(ly
% active pro!es are slo$er because the probe
must settle at a target force to ta(e the reading
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 6/60
apply innovation
Slide
6
Discrete point measurement
Speed comparison
Touch-trigger pro!es are ideal
for high speed discrete point
measurement
Scanning pro!es can also
measure discrete points
*uic+ly, and provide higher
data capture rates when
scanning
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 7/60
apply innovation
Slide
7
Scanning
Ideal for controlling the form or profile of (no$n features that form functional
fits $ith other parts
! "ata capture speeds of up to ..
points per second
! Incurs $ear on the stylus
Scanning allo$s you to:
! "etermine the feature position
! #ccurately measure the feature si'e
! Identify errors in the form or shape of
the feature
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 8/60
apply innovation
Slide
8
Scanning
Scanning a cylinder !loc+
Scanning provides much more information
a!out the form of a feature than discrete
point measurement
! Typical scanning
routine& measuring
precision features
$here form is critical toperformance
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 9/60
apply innovation
Slide
9
Digitising
Ideal for capturing large amounts of dataa!out an un+nown surface
! )ses many of the same techni'ues as
scanning
! "eflection vector of the probe is used todetermine the motion vector in $hich the
machine moves ne*t
"igitised surface data can be:
! +*ported to CAD for reverse engineering
! )sed to generate a machining program
for re,manufacture
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 10/60
apply innovation
Slide
10
Digitising
/e-manufacture and reverse engineering
Digitising provides large amounts of data
to define un+nown contoured surfaces
! "igitising a master part
to ac'uire an accurate
description of the
surface! Scanning cycle and
data analysis handled
by Tracecut soft$are
! "igitising can be
performed on CMMs&machine tools or
dedicated platforms li(e
Cyclone
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 11/60
apply innovation
Slide
11
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanning
performance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 12/60
apply innovation
Slide
12
0deal applications
! Measurement of size& position
and form of precision
geometric features! Measurement of profiles of
comple* surfaces
! Inspection of -" prismatic
parts and (no$n surfaces
! Size and position processcontrol applications $here
form variation is not
significant
Scanning Touch-trigger
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 13/60
apply innovation
Slide
13
Speed and accuracy
! igh speed data capture , up
to /00 points per second
! arge volume of data gives anunderstanding of form
! igh point density gives
greater datum stability
! "ynamic effects due toaccelerations during
measurement must be
compensated if high speed
scans are to produce accurate
measurement results
! Slo$er data capture rate
! ess information about the
surface
! Simple calibration of probe
and machine yields accurate
point data
! "ynamic performance of themachine has little impact on
measurement accuracy since
probing is performed at
constant velocity
Scanning Touch-trigger
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 14/60
apply innovation
Slide
14
Complexity and cost
! More comple* sensors& data
analysis and motion control
! igher costs than basic touch,trigger systems
% Conventional systems have
higher purchase and
maintenance costs
% enisha$ scanning systems
are more cost,effective and
robust
! Simple sensors $ith a $ide
range of application soft$are
! o$er costs than scanningsystems
% obust sensors
% +asy programming
% Simple to maintain % Cost,effective replacement for
lo$er lifetime costs
Scanning Touch-trigger
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 15/60
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 16/60
apply innovation
Slide
16
The ideal scanning system
Characteristics of the ideal scanningsystem"
− 1igh speed, accurate scanning of the
form of (no$n and un(no$n parts
− /apid discrete point measurement $hen
measuring feature position
− #lexi!le access to the component to allo$
rapid measurement of all critical features on
the part
− 2asy interchange $ith other types of
sensor& including touch,trigger probes and
non,contact sensors.− #llo$s the sensor choice for each
measurement to be optimised
− Minimum stylus wear
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 17/60
apply innovation
Slide
17
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanning
performance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 18/60
apply innovation
Slide
18
Dynamic effects on scanning performance
The scanning paradox3
! Modern CMMs can move 'uic(ly&
yet conventional scanning is
typically performed at lo$ speeds
% less than 1/ mm sec 30.4 in5sec6
Why?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 19/60
apply innovation
Slide
19
Dynamic effects on scanning performance
Scanning induces dynamic forces in the structure of the CMM and
the probe itself& $hich can affect
measurement accuracy
Dynamic errors are related to
acceleration of the machine andprobe as the stylus is moved over
the surface of the component
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 20/60
apply innovation
Slide
20
1ow do machine dynamic errors arise?
Discrete point measurement isdone at constant velocity ,
acceleration is zero at the point of
contact
% $ith critical damping
Conse'uently there are no inertial
forces on the machine or probe
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 21/60
apply innovation
Slide
21
1ow do machine dynamic errors arise?
Scanning re'uires continuouslychanging velocity vectors as the
stylus moves across a curved
surface
4arying inertial forces are induced&
$hich cause the machine todeflect
4i!ration is also a factor $hen
scanning
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 22/60
apply innovation
Slide
22
What a!out scanning sensor dynamics?
"uring scanning& the deflection of the probe variesdue to the difference bet$een the programmed
path and the actual surface contour
! The probe must accommodate rapid changes in
deflection& $ithout loss of accuracy or leaving the
surface
! The ideal scanning sensor can accommodate
rapidly changing profile due to:
% a high natural fre'uency
% lo$ suspended mass % lo$ overall $eight
7hilst important& pro!e dynamics have a very small
effect compared to machine dynamics
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 23/60
apply innovation
Slide
23
Dynamic errors in practice
2xample" measure a 8/0 mm 32 in6 ring gauge at (. mm5sec %.67in5sec& using a CMM $ith performance of )6 8 95).
orm error
)µ
m
Static errors
dominate atlo$ speed
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 24/60
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 25/60
apply innovation
Slide
25
The dynamic performance !arrier
Dynamic errors increase as speeds rise
+rror
Speed
At higher scanning speeds, machine dynamics
!ecomes the dominant source of measurement
error
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 26/60
apply innovation
Slide
26
The dynamic performance !arrier
+ma*
S1
+rror
Speed
Scanning speeds have to !e +ept low if tight tolerancefeatures are to !e inspected
9eft uncorrected, machine dynamics present a
dynamic performance !arrier to accurate high
speed scanning
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 27/60
apply innovation
Slide
27
The dynamic performance !arrier
We need a way to !rea+ through the dynamic performance!arrier, ma+ing high speed scanning more accurate
+rror
Speed
+ma*
S1 S2
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 28/60
apply innovation
Slide
28
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanning
performance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 29/60
apply innovation
Slide
29
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Articulating heads are a standard feature on the ma9ority of computer,controlled CMMs
% eads are the most cost,effective $ay to measure comple* parts
#ixed pro!es are best suited to applications $here simple parts are to be measured
% Ideal for flat parts $here a single stylus can access all features
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 30/60
apply innovation
Slide
30
Articulating heads - !enefits
! #lexi!ility , a single& simple styluscan access features in many
orientations
% Inde*ing and continuously variable
solutions
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 31/60
apply innovation
Slide
31
Articulating heads - !enefits
/epeata!le indexing using +inematic principles"! Method"
% /0 measurements of calibration sphere at #;/&<;/=& then /0 $ith an inde* of the >10M head to #0&<0= bet$een each reading
! T>200 trigger probe $ith 10mm stylus
! /esults"
! Comment"
% Inde*ing head repeatability has a similar effect on measurement accuracy to stylus changing repeatability
esult Span fi*ed Span inde* ∆ ?Span@ ;/epeata!ility<
A 0.0004- 0.0011B 0.000/4 = .6...>7
0.000-B 0.00141 0.00122 = .6...>
D 0.000;/ 0.000E1 0.000-4 = .6...(7
l i ti
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 32/60
apply innovation
Slide
32
Articulating heads - repeata!ility
0ndexing repeata!ility affects the measured position of features
% Size and form are unaffected
Most features relationships are measured @in a plane
% eature positions are defined relative to datum features in the same plane 3i.e. the same inde* position6
!"atum featureused to establish a part co,ordinate system
% Therefore inde*ing repeatability typically has no negative impact on measurement results& but many benefits
appl inno ation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 33/60
apply innovation
Slide
33
Articulating heads - !enefits
! Speed , inde*ing is faster thanstylus changing 3done during CMM
moves6
! Dynamic response , simple& light
styli ma(e for a lo$er suspendedmass
! Costs
% simple styli $ith lo$ replacementcosts
% small& lo$ cost stylus change rac(s
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 34/60
apply innovation
Slide
34
1(.M indexing head - design characteristics
#lexi!le part access
/apid indexing during CMM positioning moves give
flexi!le access with no impact on cycle times
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 35/60
apply innovation
Slide
35
Articulating heads - !enefits
! Automation , programmable probechanging $ith no manual intervention
re'uired
% touch,trigger& scanning and optical
probing on the same machine
! Stylus changing , even greater
fle*ibility and automation
% optimise stylus choice for eachmeasurement tas(
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 36/60
apply innovation
Slide
36
Articulating heads - disadvantages
! Space , a head reduces available Dtravel by a small amount , can be an
issue on very small CMMs
1(.MB in,'uill
version of >10
inde*ing head
reduces D travel
re'uirements
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 37/60
apply innovation
Slide
37
#ixed sensors - !enefits
! Compact , reduced D dimensionma(es minimal intrusion into the
measuring volume , ideal for small
CMMs
! Simplicity , fi*ed passive sensorsare less comple* for lo$er system
costs
% ote" an active sensor is more
comple* and often more e*pensive
than a passive sensor and an
articulating head combined
! Stylus length , fi*ed sensors can be larger than those fitted
on articulating heads& ma(ing it possible to carry longer styli
Articulating
head
#ixed sensor
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 38/60
pp y
Slide
38
#ixed sensors - disadvantages
! #eature access , large and comple*stylus arrangements are needed to
access some features
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 39/60
y
Slide
39
#ixed sensors - disadvantages
! rogrammingcomplexity , comple*
stylus clusters mean
more attention must be
paid to collision
avoidance
DA2/E
>ossible collisions $ith:
! component! fi*turing
! stylus change rac(
! other styli in rac(
! machine structure
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 40/60
Slide
40
#ixed sensors - disadvantages
! Machine si'e % large stylus clusters consume
measuring volume
% much larger stylus change
rac(s consume more space
% you may need a largermachine to measure your
parts
Star styli andlarge changer
consume more
wor+ing volume
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 41/60
Slide
41
#ixed sensors - disadvantages
! Speed , stylus changing ta(es longerthan inde*ing
% up to 10 times slo$er than inde*ing
% inde*ing can be done during
positioning moves
! Dynamic response , heavy styli
increase suspended mass and limit
scanning speed
! Accuracy , comple* styli compromise
metrology performance
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 42/60
Slide
42
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanning
performance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 43/60
Slide
43
Why change styli?
Fptimise your measurement repeata!ility for each feature by selecting a stylus $ith:
% Minimum length
! onger styli degrade repeatability
% Maximum stiffness
% Minimum Goints % Maximum !all si'e
! Ma*imise the effective $or(ing length 3+76
Test results"
T>200 repeatability $ith stylus lengthStylus length (.mm .mm
)ni,directional repeatability 0.-0 Fm 0.;0 Fm
2" form deviation G0.;0 Fm G0.E0 Fm
-" form deviation G0.4/ Fm G1.00 Fm
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 44/60
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 45/60
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 46/60
Slide
46
Why change sensors?
Hot all parts can be measured $ith onesensor:
! Scanning pro!e
% ideal for features $ith functional fits
$here form is important
% digitising contoured surfaces
! Fptical pro!es
% ideal for pliable surfaces
% inspection of printed circuit boards
! Touch-trigger pro!e
% ideal for discrete point inspection& forsize and position control
% compact for easy access to deepfeatures
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 47/60
Slide
47
The solution3
! Automatic, no re*ualification,
easy programming
! automatic s$itching
! automatic sensor recognition
! automatic electrical connections
! automatic alignment of sensor
ro!e sensor changing
The re*uirement666
If the range of features and parts that you must
measure demands a range of sensors& then a
sensor changing system is essential
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 48/60
Slide
48
ew AC/> pro!e changer for use with 1(.M
ro!e changing
Buic+ and repeata!le sensor changing for
maximum flexi!ility
4ideo commentary
! He$ #C- sensor
changer
! Ho motors or
separate control
! Change is controlledby motion of the
CMM
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 49/60
Slide
49
Which inspection solution will suit your application?
Dynamic effects on scanningperformance
Articulation or fixed sensors?
Stylus changing or sensor
changing?
Touch-trigger or scanning?
ro!ing applications
Active or passive scanning?
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 50/60
Slide
50
assive sensors
Simple, compact mechanism % no motor drives
% no loc(ing mechanism
% no tare system
% no electromagnets
% no electronic damping! springs generate contact force
% force varies $ith deflection
Deflection
Typical scanning
deflection#orce
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 51/60
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 52/60
Slide
52
Scanning a @defined surface
Most scanning is performed on @+nown or @defined features % feature size& position and form vary only $ithin manufacturing and
fi*turing tolerances
Active force control does not significantly reduce force
variation in most scanning applications
! /enishaw passive scanning"
% CMM moves around feature
! adaptive scanning (eeps
deflection variation to a minimum
% small form errors accommodated
by sensor mechanism
% small force variation due to
deflection range
! Active scanning"
% CMM moves around a pre,
defined path
% form errors accommodated
in the sensor
% force variation is controlled
by probe motors
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 53/60
apply innovation
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 54/60
Slide
54
Scanning pro!e cali!ration
assive sensors! probe characteristics&
including stylus bending&
are calibrated
! simple calibration cycle
! sophisticated non,linear
compensation
Active sensors! smaller variation in contact
force& but styli are less stiff
! calibration of probe
mechanism characteristics
and stylus bending effectsat fi*ed force still re'uired
Compact
passive
sensor
Complex
active
sensor
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 55/60
apply innovation
S i ! li! ti
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 56/60
Slide
56
Scanning pro!e cali!ration
constant force does not result in !etter accuracy
! ho$ the probe is calibrated is $hat counts
assive sensors
! passive probes have contact
forces that are predictable ateach *&y&z= position
! scanning probe a*is deflections
are driven by the contact vector
! sensor mechanism and stylus
bending calibrated together
Active sensors
! contact force is controlled& and
therefore not related to *&y&z=
position
! no relationship bet$een contact
vector and probe deflections
! separate calibration of sensor
mechanism and stylus bending
apply innovation
A ti i i l i
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 57/60
Slide
57
Active or passive scanning - conclusion
! <oth active and passive systems
achieve the basics , accurate scanning
$ithin their calibrated operating range
! Their performance and costs differ
! 9oo+ at the specification of the
system !efore ma+ing your choice
?
apply innovation
B ti t + t l t li
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 58/60
Slide
58
Buestions to as+ your metrology system supplier
! Do my measurement applications re*uire a scanning
solution?
% o$ many need to be scanned
% o$ many need discrete point measurement
! 0f 0 need to scan, what is the performance of the system?
% Scanning accuracy at high speeds
% Total measurement cycle time& including stylus changes
! 0f 0 also need to measure discrete points, how fast can 0 do
this?
apply innovation
B estions to as+ o r metrolog s stem s pplier
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 59/60
Slide
59
Buestions to as+ your metrology system supplier
! Will 0 !enefit from the flexi!ility of an articulating head
% #ccess to the component
% Sensor and stylus changing
! What are the lifetime costs?
% >urchase price
% 7hat are the li(ely failure modes and $hat protection is provided
% epair 5 replacement costs and speed of service
apply innovation
Buestions?
7/23/2019 CMM inspection fundamentals.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cmm-inspection-fundamentalsppt 60/60
Slide
60
Buestions?
apply innovation