91Du¿PX{¥w
]{Xw hmbn® kqc-Pn-s\mcp kwi-bw.
agbpw temUvsj-Unßpw XΩn¬ F¥mWv
_‘w?
kqcPns‚ Cu kwi-b-Øn\v DØcw
\¬Imtam?
sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\-am-
Wt√m P\-td-‰¿.
P\-td-‰-dn¬ \S-°p∂ Du¿P-am‰w F¥v?
P\-td-‰¿ {]h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb bm{¥n-
tIm¿Pw GsX√mw coXn-bn¬ e`y-am°mw?
N¿®sNbvXv tcJ-s∏Sp-Øq.
$ sh≈-®m´w
$
DbcØn¬ sI´n-\n¿Ønb Pew Ipg-ep-I-fn-
eqsStbm Xp-c-¶-ß-fn-eq-sStbm Hgp-°n-s°m≠p
h∂v P\-td-‰-dns‚ S¿ss_≥ Id°n sshZypXn
Dev∏m -Zn -∏n -°p∂ ]h¿tÃj-\p -I -fmWv
sslt{Um Ce-Iv{SnIv ]h¿tÃj-\p-Iƒ. tIc-
f-Øn¬ CØcw ]h¿ tÃj-\p-Iƒ ÿm]n-®n-
cn-°p-∂Xv Fhn-sS-sb-√m-amWv? Is≠Øn tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øq.
Nne sshZypX\ne-b-ß-fn¬ Db¿∂ a¿Z-Øn-
ep≈ \ocmhn D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv S¿ss_≥ Id-
°p-∂-Xv. CXn -te-°m-h-iy-amb \ocmhn,
I¬°cn, \m v̂X, enss·‰v F∂o C‘-\-߃
IØn-®pw AWp-i‡n D]-tbm-Kn®pw D≠m-
°mw. C‘\w Pzen-∏n®v In´p∂ Xmt]m¿Pw
D]-tbm-Kn®v sshZypXn Dev∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ ]h¿
tÃj-\p-I-fmWv sX¿a¬ ]h¿tÃj-\p-Iƒ.
hnhn-[-Xcw ]h¿tÃj-\p-Iƒ C¥y-bn¬ Fhn-
sS-sb-√m-am-sW∂v Is≠Øn ]´nI 7.1 ]q¿Øn-
bm-°q.
sslt{Um sX¿a¬ \yq¢n-b¿
Ce-Iv{SnIv ]h-¿ ]h-¿
]h-¿tÃj≥ tÃj≥ tÃj≥
]≈nhm-k¬ s\bvthen Xmcm-∏q¿
\n¿ØmsX s]bvX ag-bn¬ Umap-Iƒ \nd-bp-∂p.
Cu h¿jw temUvsj-UnMv th≠n-h-cn√
ag I\Øp Umap-I-fnse Pe-\n-c∏v Db¿∂p.
Cu h¿jw temUvsj-UnMv th≠n-h-cn√
kz.te.
CSp°n Umw \nd-™p. Bh-iy-amb
sshZyp-tXm¸m-Z\w km[y-amWv
kz.te.
sshZyp-tXmev∏mZ\w Ipd-bn-√.
sshZyp-tXmev∏mZ\w Ipd-bn-√.
sshZyp-tXmev∏mZ\w Ipd-bn-√.
sshZyp-tXmev∏mZ\w Ipd-bn-√.
sshZyp-tXmev∏mZ\w Ipd-bn-√.
I\Ø ag XpS-cp∂p
I\Ø ag XpS-cp∂p
I\Ø ag XpS-cp∂p
I\Ø ag XpS-cp∂p
I\Ø ag XpS-cp∂p
]´nI 7.1
7
92 imkv{Xw I
{Xot^kv P\-td-‰-dp-I-fn¬ Hmtcm-tPmUn
Im¥nI {[ph-߃°panS-bn¬ ]c-kv]cw
1200 tImWn¬ _‘n-∏n-®n-́ p≈ aq∂v kam\-
B¿ta-®¿ Npcp-fp-Iƒ D≠v. CØcw P\-td-‰-
dp-I-fn¬ \n∂v aq∂p hyXykvX t^kn-ep≈
sshZypX {]hm-l-߃ e`n-°p-∂p.
{Xot^kv P\-td-‰-dn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp
hcp∂ t^kvsse\p-Iƒ F{X-sb-Æ-am-bn-
cn°pw?
B¿ta-®¿ tImbn-ep-I-fpsS a‰v A{K-ßsf
Fßs\ _‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p?
tImbn-ep-I-fpsS A{K-߃ tbmPn-∏n-®n-cn-
°p∂ _nμp-hn¬ sXm´m¬ tjm°v G¬°p-
∂n-√. F¥m-bn-cn°pw Imc-Ww?
h≥ P\-td-‰-dp-I-fn¬ Dev∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ sshZypXn
Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn-te°v hnX-cWw sNøp-∂Xv GXp
coXn-bn-emWv? \ap°v t\m°mw.
Nn{Xw 7.1(a)Hcp {Xot^kv P\-td-‰-dns‚ LS\
emf
kabw
A B C
P1, P2, P3t^kvsse\p-Iƒ
Nn{Xw 7.1 (b)Hcp {Xo˛-t^kv P\-td-‰-dns‚ A, B, C F∂o B¿ta-®¿
Npcp-fn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ emf s‚ {Km^nIv Nn{XoI-
cWw
B
A
C
3 t^kv sse\p-Iƒ
\yq{S¬ sse≥
+
0
_
sshZypX]h¿ Dev∏m-Z-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
Du¿P-t{km-X- p-Iƒ GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw P\-td-
‰-dns‚ LS\ Hcpt]mse-bm-Wv.
sshZypXP\-td-‰dns‚ `mK-߃ GsX-√m-
amWv?
P\-td-‰-dn¬ ^o¬UvIm¥w ÿnc-Im-¥-am-
bm¬ D≠m-Ip∂ {]iv\-߃ Fs¥√mw?
$ i‡-amb Im¥w D≠m-°p-hm-\p≈ ]cn-
anXn-.
$
Cu {]iv\-߃ Fßs\ ]cn-l-cn°mw?
N¿®sNbvXv tcJ-s∏-SpØq.
P\-td-‰dpIfnse ̂ o¬UvIm-¥-amb sshZypX
Im¥-߃°v DC bmWv \¬tI-≠Xv. CXn-
\mbp≈ klm-bI P\-td-‰-dp-Isf FIvssk-
‰dp-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.
]h¿ P\-td-‰-dp-I-fnse B¿ta-®¿, ^o¬Uv
Im¥w Ch-bn¬ Id-ßp∂ ̀ mKsØ tdm´¿
F∂pw \n›-e-ambncn°p∂ ̀ mKsØ tÉ¿
F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.
]h¿ P\-td-‰-dp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ B¿ta-
®dns‚ `mcw IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v
B¿ta-®¿ tÉ-dmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. X∑qew
{Kmss^‰v {_jv Hgn-hm-°m\pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-
Ip∂ kv]m¿°v C√m-Xm-°m\pw km[n-°p-∂p.
]h¿ P\-td-‰dpI-fn¬ tdm´-dmbn D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ `mKw GXmWv?
knwKnƒt^kv P\-td-‰¿, {Xot^kv P\-td-‰¿(Single phase generator, three phasegenerator)IS-I-fn-epw Km¿lnI Bh-iy-߃°pw D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ sNdnb P\-td-‰-dp-Iƒ I≠n-́ nt√? Ch-
bn¬ \n∂pw F{X sse\p-I-fmWv ]pd-tØ°v
FSp-°p-∂Xv?
CØcw P\-td-‰-dp-Iƒ knwKnƒ t^kv P\-td-
‰¿ BWv.
93Du¿PX{¥w
]h¿ t{]jWhpw hnX-c-Whpw(Power transmission anddistribution)Nn{Xw 7.2 {i≤n-°q. \ΩpsS cmPyØv sshZypXn
Dev∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F{X Intem-thmƒ´n (kV)em-Wv.
11 kVP\-td-‰¿
220 kVk_v
tÃj≥
220 kV66 kV/33 kV
66kV/110kV11 kV
11kV 230 V
Km¿lnI
D]-t`m-
‡m-°ƒ
sNdp-InS
hyh-km-b -
im-e-Iƒ
h≥hy-h-km-b-im-e-Iƒ
Nn{Xw 7.2sshZypX]h¿ hnX-c-W-Øns‚ hnhn[ L -́߃
hnX-c-W
-{Sm≥kv
t^m-a¿
]h¿ tÃj≥
sÃ]v-A∏v {Sm≥kvt^ma¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-
°p-∂-sX-hn-sS-bmWv?
sÃ]v -Uu¨ {Sm≥kvt^m-a¿ Fhn-sS -
sb√mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p?
{]k-c-W-\jvSw (Transmission loss)sshZypXn Hcp Nme-I-Øn-eqsS IS-°p-tºmƒ
Xm]w Dev∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.
CXv GsX√mw LS-I-ßsf B{i-bn-®n-cn-
°p∂p?
sshZyp-X-sse-\p-I-fn¬ Xm]-cq-]-Øn¬
Du¿Pw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ipdbv-°m≥ kzoI-
cn-°m-hp∂ am¿K߃ Fs¥√mw?
Nme-I-Ønse sshZypX {]hm-l-Xo-{h-
Xbpw AXn¬ Dev∏m -Zn -∏n°-s∏-Sp∂
Xm]hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w F¥v?
]h¿ P = V × I F∂-dn-bm-a-t√m.
]h¿ hyXym-k-s∏-SmsX I Ipdbv-°-W-sa-
¶n¬ F¥p sNøWw?
sshZypXn hnX-cWirwJ-e-bn¬ Bcw-`-L-´-
Øn¬ sÃ]v-A∏v {Sm≥kvt^ma¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂Xv F¥n -\m -sW∂v t_m[y -am -bn -t√?
Cßs\ Db¿∂ thmƒ´Xbn¬ sshZypXn
t{]jWw sNbvXv Du¿P\jvSw Ipd-bv°mw.
Ãm¿ I-W-£≥ (Star connection)
C≥]p v́ Huv́]p v́
Nn{Xw 7.3
hnX-cW {Sm≥kvt^m-a¿
]h¿
{Sm≥kv
t^ma¿
110 kVk_v
tÃj≥
94 imkv{Xw I
Nn{Xw 7.3 {i≤n-°q. Km¿lnI Bh-iy-Øn\pw
a‰p-ap≈ hnX-cW {Sm≥kvt^ma-dn¬ \n∂pw
F{X sse\p-I-fmWv ]pd-tØ°p hcp-∂Xv?
{Sm≥kvt^ma-dn-te°v F{X sse\p-I-fmWv
hcp-∂Xv?
{Sm≥kvt^ma-dns‚ sk°≥U-dn-bn¬ \n∂pw
\mep sse\p-Iƒ hcp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v
t\m°mw.
hnX-cW {Sm≥kvt^ma-dns‚ sk°≥U-dn-bn¬
Ãm¿I-W-£≥ coXn-bn-emWv Iºn-Iƒ _‘n-
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Cu sse\p-I-fn-eqsS hcp∂ sshZypXn \ΩpsS
hoSp-I-fn-se D]-I-c-W-ß-fnte°v Fß-s\-
bmWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v \ap°v t\m°mw.
Krl-ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cWw(Household wiring)\ΩpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ sshZyptXm]-I-c-W-߃ GsXm-s°-
bmWv? Ipdn-®phbv°q.
$ _ƒ_v
$ anIvkn
$
Cu D]-I-c-W-߃ F√mw F{X thmƒ´n-
emWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv?
Ch-bvs°√mw Bh-iy-amb Id‚ v Hcp-
t]mse-bmtWm?
hoSp-I-fn¬ sshZyptXm]-I-c-W-߃ GXp
coXn -bn -emWv LSn -∏n -t°-≠Xv? \ap°v
t\m°mw:
Htc ]h¿ D≈ _ƒ_p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Nn{X-
Øn-te-Xp-t]mse c≠v sk¿°o´p-Iƒ {Iao-I-
cn-°q.
Ãm¿ IW£-\n¬ \yq{S¬ sse≥ FhnsS
\n∂mWv Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv?
c≠p t^kv sse\p -Iƒ XΩn -ep≈
s]m´≥jy¬ hyXymkw F{X-bm-Wv?
\ΩpsS cmPyØv hoSp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-
°p∂ AC sshZypX D]-I-c-W-߃ F{X-
thmƒ´n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p -∂-h -bmWv?
Is≠Øn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq.
hnX-cWkwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂p hoSp-I-fn-
te°v GsXms° sse\p-I-fmWv th≠n
hcpI?
$ CXn¬ BZy Nn{X-Øn¬ _ƒ_p-Iƒ {Iao-
I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv GXp coXn-bn-emWv?
P 3
P 2
P 1
N
N
400V
230V
Nn{Xw 7.4Ãm¿ IW-£≥
{Sm≥kvt^ma¿
tImbn¬
S1 S2 S3
B1B2 B3
4.5VD C
Nn{Xw 7.5
t{iWncoXn-bnep≈ sk¿°o v́
S1S2 S3
B1 B2 B3
4.5VD C
Nn{Xw 7.6
kam-¥ccoXn-bnep≈ sk¿°o v́
95Du¿PX{¥w
c≠m-a-tØ-Xntem?
_ƒ_p-Iƒ t{iWn-bmbn LSn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw
kam-¥-c-ambn LSn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw Hmtcm-∂n-eq-
sS-bpap≈ sshZyp-X-{]-hmlXo{hX Fßs\
hyXym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°n-bn-
´p-≠t√m?
kzn®p-Iƒ Hm¨ sNbvXv sk¿°o-´p -Iƒ
{]h¿Øn-∏n-°q.
GXv sk¿°o-´nse _ƒ_p-I-fmWv IqSp-
X¬ Xo{h-X-tbmsS {]Im-in-®Xv?
c≠v sk¿°o-´n-sebpw GsX-¶nepw Hmtcm
kzn®p-Iƒ Hm^m°n t\m°q. \nco-£W-^ew
Ipdn-°q.
\n߃ sNbvX ]co-£-W-ß-fpsSbpw \nK-a-
\-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Krl-ssh-Zyp-
Xo-I-cWw \S-Øp-tºmƒ GXp coXn-bn-emWv
sk¿°o-´n¬ D]-I-c-W-߃ LSn-∏n-t°-≠Xv
F∂v N¿®sNbvXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq. kam-¥c
coXn-bn¬ D]-I-c-W-߃ LSn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚
t\´-߃ Fs¥√mw F∂v kb≥kv Ub-dn-
bn¬ Ipdn-°q.
Nn{Xw 7.7¬- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Krl-ssh-Zyp-
Xo-I-cW sk¿°o´v Ub{Kw \nco-£n-°q.
Nn{Xw 7.7Krl-ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cW sk¿°o v́
sabn≥
kzn®v
sabn≥
^yqkv
t_m¿Uv _ƒ_vv
F¿Øv Iºn\yq{S¬ Iºn
t^kv Iºn
kWhao‰¿
sabn≥
^yqkv
sdKp-
te-‰¿ ^m≥lo‰¿
]h¿
tkm°‰v
GXv sse\n-emWv ^yqkv LSn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv?
hm´v Huh¿ ao‰-dns‚ ÿm\w Fhn-sS-
bmWv?
sabn≥ kzn®ns‚ [¿aw F¥v? CXns‚
ÿm\w sk¿°o-´n¬ Fhn-sS-bmWv?
kzn®p-Iƒ sk¿°o-́ n¬ GXp sse\n-emWv
LSn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
Ct∏mƒ Krl sshZypXoI-cW sk¿°o-´p-
Ifn¬ sabn≥ kzn®p-Iƒ°ptijw ^yqkp-
Iƒ°v -]-I-c-ambn MCB (Miniature CircuitBreaker) bpw kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-
Xn -\mbn ELCB (Earth Leakage CircuitBreaker)bpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
sk¿°o-´n¬ F¿Øv hb¿ {Xo]n≥ tkm°-‰p-
ambn _‘n-∏n-®Xv ImWm-at√m?
{Xo]n≥ πKv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ ta∑-
Iƒ Fs¥∂v t\m°mw.
{Xo]n≥ πKpw Sq]n≥ πKpw
Nn{Xw 7.8 {i≤n°q
CkvXn-cn-s∏´n sshZypX sk¿°o-´nse Sq]n-
∂p-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
LENL
EN
96 imkv{Xw I
{Xo]n≥ πKv
Cu sse≥ D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ GXv `mKhp-
am-bn-´mWv _‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
t^kv sse\pw \yq{S¬ sse\pw D]-I-c-
W-Øns‚ GXp `mK-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-
cn-°p∂p?
t^kv sse≥ D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ teml-N-´-
°q-Sp -ambn kº¿°-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ
sshZyp-Xn-bpsS Hgp°v Ftßm-́ m-bn-cn°pw?
Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ sk¿°o-´nse {]Xn-tcm[w
Ipd-hm-b-Xn-\m¬ Id‚ v IqSp-at√m.
sk¿°o-́ n¬ IqSn-bp≈ sshZypX{]hmlw
IqSp-tºmƒ ^yqkn\v F¥p kw`-hn°pw?
CXp-aqew sk¿°o-´nse sshZypXnt°m?
\nß-fpsS Is≠-Ø-en¬ \n∂p {Xo]n≥ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-
Øp∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq.
\ΩpsS hoSp-I-fn-se-Øp∂ sshZypXsse≥
GXv D]-I-c-W-tØm-SmWv BZyw _‘n-∏n-®n-
cn-°p-∂Xv? F¥mWv Cu D]-I-c-W-Øns‚
Bh-iy-IX?
sshZyp-tXm¿P-Øns‚ Afhv
\mw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sshZypX Du¿Pw, ho´n-
ep≈ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ]hdpw AXv {]h¿Øn-
∏n-°p∂ ka-b-ssZ¿Ly-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-
W-t√m.
]h-dns‚ bqWn‰v F¥mWv?
Hcp hm v́ ]h-dp≈ D]-I-cWw Hcp sk°‚ v
kabw {]h¿Øn∏n®m¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
Du¿Pw F{X-bm-Wv.
Nn{Xw 7.8
CkvXn-cn-s∏-´n-bpsS tImbn¬ FsXms°
sse\p-am-bn-´mWv _‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
C≥kp-te-j≥ XI-cm-dp-aqew t^kv sse≥
D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ teml N´-°q-Sp-ambn
kº¿°-Øn¬ h∂m¬ teml-N-´-°q-Sn¬
kv]¿in-°p-∂-bmƒ°v F¥p kw`-hn°pw?
Nn{Xw 7.9 ¬ ]n≥ tkm°-‰n-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ
E F∂- ]n≥ GXv sse\p-am -bn -´mWv
kº¿°-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv? Cu ]n≥ a‰p
]n∂p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Fßs\ hyXym-k-s∏-
´n-cn-°p∂p?
Nn{Xw 7.9
-t^kv
\yq{S¬
F¿Øv
^yqkv
{Xo]n≥ πKns‚ Dƒ`mKw
97Du¿PX{¥w
1000 W ]h¿ D≈ Hcp D]-I-cWw Hcp
aWn-°q¿ {]h¿Øn-∏n-®m¬ D]-tbm-Kn-
°p∂ Du¿P-sa-{X-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
1000 W (1kW) ]h¿ D≈ Hcp D]-I-cWw Hcp
aWn-°q¿ sIm≠v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Du¿P-
amWv Hcp Intem -hm´ v Huh¿. CXmWv
sshZypX Du¿P-Øns‚ hymh-km-bnI bqWn‰v.
hn\n-tbm-Kn® Du¿Pw
(Intem-hm´v Huhdn¬)=
]´n-I 7.2 ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ D]-I-c-W-߃
hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Du¿Pw IW-°m°n ]´nI
]q¿Øn-bm-°q.
$ \nß-fpsS ho´n¬ 18 W ep≈ 4 CFL Iƒ
Znh-kw 5 aWn-°q¿ hoX-hpw 60 W ep≈ 2^m\pIƒ Znh-kw 3 aWn-°q¿ hoXhpw
{]h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂p. F¶n¬ 30 Znh-k-
tØ°v F{X bqWn‰v sshZypXn hn\n-tbm-
Kn-°pw? bqWn-‰n\v 3 cq] \nc-°n¬ Hcp
amksØ sshZyp-Xn-bpsS sNe-sh{X?
100 W s‚ ^ne-sa‚ v emºv \¬Ip∂ {]Im-
ihpw 20 W s‚ CFL \¬Ip∂ {]Im-ihpw GI-
tZiw Xpey-am-Wv.
$ Hcp ho´n¬ 100 W s‚ A©v ^ne-sa‚ v
emºp-Iƒ Znh-tk\ aq∂p aWn-°q¿ hoXw
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. bqWn-s‰m-∂n\v 3 cq]-\n-
c-°n¬ Nm¿Pv CuSm°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp
amk-Øn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn® sshZypX Du¿P-
Øns‚ hne-sb¥v. ^ne-sa‚ v emºp-Iƒ
am‰n 20 W s‚ CFL IfmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂Xv F¶n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Du¿Pem`w
Is≠Øn kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I.
\nßfpsS ho´n¬ sshZyptXm]-I-c-W-߃
Hmtcm∂pw Hcp Znhkw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kabw
tcJ-s∏-SpØn Ah D]-tbm-Kn® Du¿Pw IW-
°m°n ao‰¿ doUn-ßp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøpI.
{Ia D]-I-cWw ]h¿ {]h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂ kabw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Du¿Pw
\º¿ W aWn-°q¿ kWh ¬
1 CkvXn-cn-s∏´n 750 0.5
2 ^m≥ 60 2
3 _ƒ_v 40 5
4 F¬ C Un 2 24
5 kn F^v F¬ 20 4 ]´nI 7.2
98 imkv{Xw I
1.
(a) \yq¢n-b¿ ]h¿tÃj-\p-Ifpw sX¿a¬ ]h¿tÃj-\p-Ifpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv
Ah-bnse ]h¿ D¬∏m-Z-\-Ønse hyXym-k-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpI?
(b) \yq¢n-b¿ ]h¿tÃj-\p-Ifn¬ \n∂mWv G‰hpw sNehp Ipd™ coXn-
bn¬ sshZypXn Dev∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbm-Sp≈ \nß-fpsS
{]Xn-I-c-W-sa¥v? \nß-fpsS DØcw km[q-I-cn-°p-I.
2. h≥ P\-td-‰-dp-I-fpsS {][m\ `mK-߃ GsX-√m-amWv? Ah-bpsS Hmtcm-∂n-
s‚bpw [¿aw F¥mWv? h≥ P\-td-‰-dp-Iƒ sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°-W-sa-¶n¬
AXn-te°v sshZypXn \¬I-W-sa-∂p-]-d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv?
3. sshZypX ]h¿ t{]j-W-Øn¬ sÃ∏v-A∏v {Sm≥kvt^m-a-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂-sX-hn-sS-bmWv? ]h¿ t{]j-W-Øn¬ hnhn-[-Xcw {Sm≥kvt^m-a-dp-I-fpsS Bh-
iy-IX F¥v? {Sm≥kvt^m-a-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√ F¶n¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂
_p≤n-ap´v Fs¥-√m-am-bn-cn°pw?
4. ASp-Ø-SpØ c≠p hoSp-I-fn-te°v sshZypXn IWIvj≥ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv
{i≤n-°q.
(a) \yq{S¬ hb¿ GXmWv?
(b) R Dw S Dw XΩn-ep≈ s]m´≥jy¬ hyXymkw F{X?
(c) P bpw R Dw XΩn-ep≈ s]m´≥jy¬ hyXymkw F{X?
(d) S Dw `qanbpw XΩn-ep≈ s]m´≥jy¬ hyXymkw F{X?
5. \ΩpsS ho´n¬ FØp∂ sshZypXn Krl-ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cW irwJ-e-bnse
GsX√mw ̀ mK-ß-fn-eqsS IS-Øn-hn-́ -ti-j-amWv _ƒ_ns‚ ̂ ne-sa‚n¬ FØp-
∂Xv? Ah-bpsS {Ia-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpI?
6. CkvXn-cn-s∏´n Sp ]n≥ π§v D]-tbm-Kn®v {]h¿Øn-∏n-®m¬ D≠m-tb-°m-hp∂
{]iv\-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv? {Xo ]n≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ CXv ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-
sX-ßs\?
7. 250 V bn¬ {]h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp _ƒ_n-eqsS 0.1 A sshZypXn {]h-ln-
°p∂p F¶n¬ AXv Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ F{X aWn-°q¿
{]Im-in-°Ww?
PQ R S