The Civil War Begins Confederate forces captured all but four
federal garrisons in the south including Fort Pulaski. On April 12,
1861, confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter (South Carolina)
forcing U.S. troops to surrender beginning the Civil War. Four more
state secede from the Union: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee,
and Virginia The war was called: Civil War War Between States War
of Northern Aggression (by southerners) Brothers War Childrens
Crusade (due to young fighters)
Slide 3
Confederate States of America President: Jefferson Davis Vice
President: Alexander Stephens The capital : Richmond, Virginia
Confederate States: Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi
South Carolina Texas, Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee
Virginia
Slide 4
The new [Confederate] Constitution has set at rest for ever all
agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutionAfrican
slavery as it exists among usthe proper state of the negro in our
form of civilization. Alexander Stephens Quit as U.S. Senator,
Became Vice-President, Confederate States of America March 21,
1861
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Assembling Armies Most soldiers volunteered at first, but later
men were conscripted (drafted to serve in the armies) Some men
received bounties (money) to sign up; some signed up, received the
bounty, then deserted (ran away) Poorer men sometimes accepted
money to fight in place of wealthier men who didnt want to serve
Some 178,985 enlisted men served in black regiments during the
Civil War; almost all fought for the Union Boys as young as 10
served in both armies; thousands of soldiers were between 14 and 16
years old
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Advantages of Each Side Northern Advantages North had more
people from which to create and resupply armies North had more
factories, better railroad system, and most of the nations food
growing farms and wealth Southern Advantages South had more
experienced military leaders, and were highly motivated to defend
their familiar homeland and to win independence. Most Southern
farms were used to grow cash crops (cotton, etc.), so trade (cotton
for weapons/supplies) was very important to the South
Slide 7
Northern War Tactics Union Blockade (AKA Anaconda Plan): Close
all Southern ports (using ironclads armored ships) to prevent
cotton exports and imports of weaponry from foreign countries.
Destroy Confederate armies on the battlefield Lay waste to the
Southern land, so that civilians would call for an end to the war
Video 1. to destroy; devastate; ruin 2. to wear away; consume
gradually;
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3.What does the placement of the snake signify? 1. How does
this picture represent the Northern war strategy? 2. What does the
snake represent?
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Initially, blockade runners, private citizens who would evade
the Federal blockade to make huge profits, were able to make it to
Europe to buy and sell goods. They would return to sell the goods
and supplies to the confederacy making millions.
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Southern War Tactics Wear down the Union armies, which would
hasten the northerners desire to end the war Use swift raiders
(small, fast ships) to help break the Union blockade King Cotton
Diplomacy: Convince France and England to help the Confederacy by
stopping the export of Cotton to these countries. (Britain and
France were able to buying cotton from Egypt)
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Civil War Pivotal Battles
Slide 12
Major War Battles The three southern states that were home to
most of major battles of the Civil War are: Virginia Tennessee
Georgia At the battle of Manassas, aka Bull Run, the confederacy
lost 184 of 242 creating the realization that the Union army would
NOT be easily defeated.
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Battle of Antietam On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek,
Maryland, the bloodiest day of fighting in American history took
place. About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed
and 19,000 people were wounded. Though Union troops had halted
Confederate advance toward Washington, D.C., neither side emerged
as the decisive victor. The battle was a symbolic victory for the
Union. Encouraged by the Confederate retreat, President Lincoln
issues the Emancipation Proclamation.
Slide 14
Freeing the Slaves President Abraham Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862 Document gave the
Southern Confederacy a choice: Quit the war and keep slavery alive
or keep fighting and slaves would be forever free Deadline was
January 1, 1863 The Confederate leaders continued the war and the
slaves were declared free by the United States government in 1863.
Since Lincoln did not control rebellious states, no slaves were
actually freed The proclamation did ensure that England and France
would not help the south due to their feelings against
slavery.
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The Fall of Fort Pulaski (1862) More than 100 battles or
skirmishes in Georgia; 92 happened in 1864 during the Atlanta and
Savannah campaigns First battle, April 10, 1862, was at all-brick
Fort Pulaski, near Tybee Island Rifled cannon used by U.S. Army in
warfare for the first time; the Confederates surrendered the fort
in less than two days No brick American forts were built after this
battle
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The Battle of Chickamauga Fought in September 1863 Seven miles
south of Chattanooga, Tennessee (ten miles south of the
Tennessee/Georgia border) Chattanooga was major railroad center and
was important to the movement of supplies and troops for the
Confederacy Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga;
Confederates did not follow-up on their victory by attacking
retreating soldiers Union reinforcements, led by Ulysses Grant,
later recaptured the city of Chattanooga
Slide 17
Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863: In Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania, Union Army defeats the Confederates. Union suffers
23,000 casualties (dead and wounded soldiers). Confederacy suffers
28,000 casualties The Southern Army retreated back to Virginia. Due
to the large loss of Lees men, the south never invaded the North
again. Video In November of 1863, President Lincoln went to the
battlefield to dedicate it as a national military cemetery.
Lincolns famous two-minute speech is known as the Gettysburg
Address
Slide 18
Slide 19
The Battle of Atlanta (1864)
Slide 20
Spring of 1864- Sherman set out from Chattanooga to capture the
confederate supply center and railroad hub, Atlanta. The Atlanta
Campaign was not made up of just one battle, but a series of
battles that took 4 months.
Slide 21
Shermans Atlanta Campaign Battle of Dalton Battle of Resaca
Battle of Allatoona Johnson was forced to retreat due to food and
ammunition shortages. June 27, 1864: Sherman attacked Johnston at
Kennesaw Mountain; Sherman was unable to defeat the Confederate
troops but continued to move toward Atlanta.
Slide 22
The War Lingers On July 20, 1864: Battle of Peachtree Creek
July 22, 1864: Battle of Atlanta July 24 th, 1864: Battle of Ezra
Church September 2, 1864: General Hood withdrew from Atlanta and
the union army moved in taking over the railroads and factories
Sherman and the Union Army stayed in Atlanta for two months to plan
The March to the Sea. Sherman ordered all civilians to leave the
city of Atlanta immediately.
Slide 23
The Atlanta Campaign Video Video #2
Slide 24
The Burning of Atlanta November 15, 1864, Shermans army left
Atlanta and set fire to the city
Slide 25
Shermans March to the Sea November 15, 1864- December 15, 1864
Hood attempted to lure Sherman out of Georgia by marching toward
Tennessee, but his plan failed leaving Sherman an unobstructed path
to the Atlantic Ocean. As part of his Lay to waste strategy,
Sherman headed toward Savannah creating a path of destruction 300
miles long and 60 miles wide destroying anything that supported the
Confederate Military and the civilian economy. The entire town of
Griswoldville was destroyed in one of only two battles fought on
Shermans march. Savannah surrendered to Sherman without a fight
December 22, 1864, Sherman wrote to Lincoln presenting Savannah as
his Christmas gift. VIDEO VIDEO
Slide 26
Final Battles and Surrender On March 2, 1865, General Robert E.
Lee requested a meeting with Grant to discuss the end of war.
Lincoln wouldnt allow it unless the South surrendered. Surrender:
Union general was Grant Confederate general was Lee On April 9,
1865 surrendered at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
Slide 27
Civil War Prisons Both North and South had prisons for captured
soldiers; thousands of men on both sides died in these prisons
Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia, was overcrowded, and
offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation; 13,700
Union soldiers are buried there Captain Henry Wirtz, Andersonville
Prison commander, was later hanged for excessive cruelty
Andersonville is now home to the National Prisoner of War Museum
Video
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............................................. 4/12/61: Ft.
Sumter 7/1-3/63 Gettysburg August 1963 Chickamauga November 1863
Gettysburg Address 1/1/63: Southern Deadline to Pull out of war
Election 1860 12/20/61: S.C. leaves Union 2/1861: 7 Deep South
States secede 3/4/1862: Lincoln Inauguration 9/17/1862: Battle of
Antietam 9/22/62: Emancipation Proc. 4/10/62: Fort Pulaski Spring
1864 Atlanta Campaign 7/20/64 Peachtree Creek7/22/64 Battle of
Atlanta 7/24/64 Ezra Church 9/2/64 Union Army takes over the city
of Atlanta after Hood withdraws 11/15 -12/15/1864 Shermans March to
the Sea 12/22/64: Sherman writes to Lincoln giving Savannah as his
Christmas gift. 7/21/61: Bull Run (Manassas) 6/27/63 Kennesaw Mnt
Civil War Timeline
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Slide 30
Slide 31
Sumter Light Guards, Company K, 4th Regiment Georgia Volunteer
Infantry, CSA. April 1861
Slide 32
Unknown location. Signalmen of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren's
flagship receiving a message from the Georgia shore
Slide 33
Photograph from the main eastern theater of the war, the Army
of the James, June 1864- April 1865. Shows group of seven
"contrabands" dressed in old Union uniforms standing in front of a
wagon and shack.
Slide 34
Civil War camp scene, showing company kitchen, 1863 Other
Title: Camp of the 6th N.Y. Artillery at Brandy Station, Va. April,
1864
Slide 35
Translation 1. CHIEF COOK AND BOTTLE WASHER person able to do
many things 2. SARDINE BOX cap box 3. BREAD BASKET stomach 4.
GREENBACKS money 5. GRAYBACKS lice or Southern Soldiers 6. ARKANSAS
TOOTHPICK a large knife 7. PEPPERBOX pistol 8. FIT TO BE TIED angry
9. HORSE SENSE on the ball or being smart 10. HUNKEY DOREY great!,
fabulous! 11. GREENHORN, BUGGER, SKUNK officers 12. SNUG AS A BUG
cozy or comfortable
Slide 36
13. SAWBONES surgeons 14. SKEDADDLE scatter or run 15. HORNETS
bullets 16. POSSUM a pal, friend, or buddy 17. FIT AS A FIDDLE
healthy or in great shape 18. UPPITY conceited 19. TIGHT,
WALLPAPERED drunk 20. BARK JUICE, TAR WATER, NOKUM STIFF, JOY JUICE
liquor 21. BLUFF cheater 22. HARD KNOCKS beaten up 23. BEEN THROUGH
THE MILL done a lot 24. QUICK-STEP diarrhea Translation