CITY OF MANILA
NCR DISSEMINATION FORUMAugust 20, 2019, Dusit Thani Manila
2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey
Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Profiles of Households and Its Individual Members
Socioeconomic Status
• refers to the social standing or class of an individualor group. It is often measured as a combination ofeducation, income and occupation.
Adapted from APA’s Socioeconomic Status Office publications
Operational Definition
Wealth Index
• The wealth index is a composite measure of ahousehold's cumulative living standard. The wealthindex is calculated by principal component analysisusing data on household’s ownership of selectedassets, materials used for housing construction andtypes of water access and sanitation facilities.
Wealth Index
• The wealth index categorizes the households into 5wealth quintiles, allowing us to assess how thecommon health and nutrition indicators differ betweenthe poor and non-poor households.
• For the provincial and HUCs estimates, wealth status isclassified as poor for the bottom 30% of the incomegroup and the non-poor for the upper 30%.
Operational DefinitionHighest Educational Attainment*• refers to the highest grade/year of formal schooling completed by each member of the
household and not the total years attended• Regrouped into:a) none - no grade completedb) elementary level - the stage of formal education concerned with providing the first six years of basic education.c) secondary level - the stage of formal education following the elementary level concerned primarily with
continuing basic education and expanding it to include the learning of employable gainful skills, usuallycorresponding to four years of high school
d) college level - the stage of formal education following the secondary level covering non-degree programs thathave varying duration for three months to three years, concerned primarily with developing strong andappropriately trained middle-level skilled manpower possessing capabilities supportive of nationaldevelopment.
e) others - Alternative Learning System, SPED , Arabic Schooling
* Phil. Standard Classification of Education (PSCEd)
Operational DefinitionOccupation
• The occupation of each individual members of the household, 10years old and above in the past 6 months
• 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Codes (PSOC) is astatistical classification of the different occupationalgroups of the working population, including the militarywork force in the country
Sociodemographic Profile• Describes the population groups by:
a) age - refers to the exact age of each household member as of his/her last birthday
b) sex – categorized the household members of the households as males and females
c) civil status – or marital statusd) type of residence - urban-rural classification of PSA
Operational Definitions
Civil status - status of an individual in relation to marriage and classified as:
a) single - a person who has never been marriedb) married - a person who has been united in matrimony with another person of
opposite sex through a religious or civil rites. To be considered married, the coupleshould still be living together, or if living apart from each other, the separationmust only be temporary (e.g. working elsewhere, attending seminars, etc)
c) separated - a person whose partner has left permanently, with or without legal sanctions.
d) widowed - a person who has been married before, whether formally orconsensually but his/her partner has died and has not remarried at the time ofvisit.
e) common law/live-in – those who live together consensually with another ashusband or wife
Operational Definitions
Household
• an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily
bound by ties of kinship, who sleep in the same housing
unit and have a common arrangement for the
preparation and consumption of food.
Operational Definitions
Household head
• person who generally provides the chief source of income for the household unit
• adult person, male or female, who is responsible for the organization and care of the household or who is regarded as such by the members of the household
City of Manila
Profile of Households
Household size
Mean 4.7
More than 5
members
31.2%45.7%
Sex of Household Members
Male Female
54.3%
5 members
and below
68.8%
Age groups n (%)
0-23 months 120 4.8
24-71 months 293 11.0
72-120 months 341 9.5
>10-19 years 681 18.8
20-59 years 1,592 48.5
60 years and over 338 7.4
Population groups
Women of Reproductive Age
n (%)
28 3.5
60 6.8
779 89.7
Profile of Household Heads
Sex
Male Female
Civil Status
62.9% 37.1%
5.1
12.715.8
11.9
54.5
0
20
40
60
Separated Single CommonLaw/Live-in
Widowed Married
Occupation
Educational Attainment
0.4
17.1
48.4
33.8
0.30
102030405060
3.86.7
4.96.3
8.712.2
17.026.4
14.00.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Special Occupations
Not classified
Clerks
Professionals
Officials of the gov't, Corporate executives, managers, supervisors
Technicians and associate prof
Craft and related traders workers
Laborers and unskilled workers
Service Workers
Plant and machine operators
Farmers, Forestry workers, Fishermen
FOOD SECURITY
“exists when all people, at all times,
have physical and economic access
to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
that meets their dietary needs and
food preferences for an active and
healthy life”.
(World Food Summit, 1996)
FOOD INSECURITY
“limited or uncertain availability of
nutritionally adequate and safe foods or
limited or uncertain ability to acquire
acceptable foods in socially acceptable
ways”
(Institute of Nutrition, 1990)
When recurrent
leads to hunger
and hunger
when prolonged
results to
malnutrition
Questionnaire
METHODOLOGY
nine-item questionnaire
based on the respondent’s perception over food
situations, resources or supply
self-reported experience in the past month
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY ACCESS SCALE (HFIAS)
Percentage of households by food security status: Philippines, 2015 vs. 2018
33.9
12.3
31.921.9
46.1
12.3
28.8
12.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
Moderately FoodInsecure
Severely FoodInsecure
2015 2018
Percentage of food insecure households : 66.1% vs. 53.9%P
erc
en
tage
* *
* Significantly different at 5% level of significance
Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Philippines, 2018
Percentage of food insecure households = 53.9%
3.3
7.3
7.7
19.1
33.8
37.8
43.2
47.5
50.3
96.7
92.7
92.3
80.9
66.2
62.2
56.8
52.5
49.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Experienced going a whole day and night without eating
Experienced going to sleep hungry
Had no food of any kind in the household
Ate a fewer meals in a day
Ate a smaller meal
Ate food they really do not want to eat
Ate just a few kinds of food
Unable to eat preferred food
Worried about foodYes No
%
Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:
Philippines, 2018
46.1
18.0
84.1
49.6
37.944.3
51.853.9
82.0
15.9
50.4
62.155.7
48.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
PHILIPPINES Wealth Quintile(Bottom 20%)
Wealth Quintile(Upper 80%)
1-5 members More than 5members
Male Female
Food Secure Food Insecure
Pe
rcen
tage
Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head
Food Security Status
City of MANILA, 2018
Percentage of households by food security status:CITY OF MANILA, 2018
46.1
12.3
28.8
12.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
ModeratelyFood Insecure
Severely FoodInsecure
Philippines
%
90% Confidence Interval
LL 44.1 11.7 27.1 11.2
UL 48.0 12.9 30.5 14.4
49.3
8.5
23.5 18.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
ModeratelyFood Insecure
Severely FoodInsecure
City of Manila
%
90% Confidence Interval
LL 46.6 6.5 20.6 15.5
UL 52.0 10.5 26.4 21.7
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
*
**
Percentage of households by food insecurity items: CITY OF MANILA, 2018
Percentage of food insecure households = 50.7%
6.7
12.0
13.2
26.7
33.5
35.2
38.7
40.6
40.9
93.3
88.0
86.8
73.3
66.5
64.8
61.3
59.4
59.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Experienced going a whole day and night without eating
Experienced going to sleep hungry
Had no food of any kind in the household
Ate a fewer meals in a day
Ate a smaller meal
Ate food they really do not want to eat
Ate just a few kinds of food
Unable to eat preferred food
Worried about food
Yes No
%
Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:
City of Manila, 2018
49.3
24.0
60.253.3
41.649.9 49.050.7
76.0
39.846.7
58.450.1 51.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
CITY OF MANILA Poor Non-poor 1-5 members More than 5members
Male Female
Food Secure Food Insecure
Pe
rcen
tage
Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
*
Summary
Food insecurity is higher among households:
from poor wealth status
CITY OF MANILA
Nutritional Status of Filipino Preschool-Age Children
City of Manila
14.9
27.6
2.97.9
0
10
20
30
40
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Manila
19.1
30.3
5.6 4.0
0
10
20
30
40
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Philippines
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in the Philippines and City of Manila: ENNS, 2018
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-
for-Height
Lower Limit 17.7 28.2 5.2 3.6
Upper Limit 20.5 32.4 6.1 4.3
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-
for-Height
Lower Limit 10.8 23.0 0.7 3.5
Upper Limit 19.0 32.1 5.0 12.3
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
*
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: City of Manila ENNS, 2018
14.9 15.913.0
25.4
10.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Underweight
27.625.2
31.0
37.7
20.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Stunting
* *
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: City of Manila ENNS, 2018
2.9 2.7 3.0
6.4
1.2
0
10
20
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Wasting
7.9 7.18.9 9.2 9.7
0
10
20
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Overweight-for-Height
Prevalence of anemia among preschool-age children 6mos to 5yrs(6 to 71 months) in the City of Manila: ENNS, 2018
14.3
6.39.2
5.9
0
10
20
30
Philippines City of Manila Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
90% CI Philippines Manila
Lower Limit 12.8 2.3
Upper Limit 15.9 10.2
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
PREVALENCE OF IDD and VAD
• Urinary iodine excretion and the determination ofIDD is not covered among preschool-age children.
• Serum retinol and the determination of Vitamin Adeficiency (VAD) are in-progress.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
Breastfeeding Practices
69.2
54.9 50.6
33.1
0102030405060708090
100
Timelybreastfeeding
initiation
Exclusivebreastfeeding
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 1 year
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 2 years
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Philippines
69.2
36.7 31.4 28.4
0102030405060708090
100
Timelybreastfeeding
initiation
Exclusivebreastfeeding
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 1 year
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 2 years
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
City of Manila
Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices
90% CI
Lower Limit 65.2 51.2 45.4 29.3
Upper Limit 73.1 58.5 55.9 37.0
90% CI
Lower Limit 59.9 17.6 12.5 8.9
Upper Limit 78.4 55.9 50.3 47.9
Complementary Feeding
Practices
MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY
Proportion of children 6-23 months of age
who receive foods from 4 or more food
groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food
groups:
Minimum Dietary
Diversity:
6. Vitamin A rich
fruits & vegetables
7. Other fruits &
vegetables
5. Eggs
1. Grains, roots and tubers
2. Dairy Products
3. Legumes and Nuts
4. Flesh Meat
Minimum Meal Frequency
Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed
children 6-23 months who received solid,
semi-solid, or soft foods consumed at the
minimum number of times per day
Defined as:
2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old
3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old
4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old
Minimum
Meal
Frequency:
Minimum Acceptable Diet
Proportion of children 6-23 months
meeting both the minimum dietary diversity
and the minimum meal frequency to
ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy.
Minimum
Acceptable
Diet:
Proportion of children 6-23 months, by complementary feeding practices
20.7
87.3
11.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Minimum DietaryDiversity
Minimum MealFrequency
MinimumAcceptable Diet
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
City of Manila
23.0
89.0
13.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Minimum DietaryDiversity
Minimum MealFrequency
MinimumAcceptable Diet
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Philippines
90% CI
Lower Limit 21.1 87.6 12.4
Upper Limit 24.9 90.4 14.4
90% CI
Lower Limit 12.3 80.4 4.5
Upper Limit 29.1 94.2 18.0
Summary (preschool)• Stunting and underweight prevalence are public health problems
with “moderate” severity in preschool-age children.• Anemia is a “mild” public health problem among preschool-age
children.• Exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months is low.• Continued breastfeeding up to 2 years is not common.• Complementary feeding among children 6-23 months of age is
inadequate in energy and nutrient as indicated by minimum dietarydiversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD).
Nutritional Status of Filipino School-Age Children
City of Manila
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10yrs(60-120 months) in the Philippines and the City of Manila: ENNS, 2018
24.9 24.6
7.611.6
0
10
20
30
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Philippines
18.7 17.8
7.4
18.1
0
10
20
30
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Manila
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight
& Obese
Lower Limit 23.1 22.8 7.2 10.4
Upper Limit 26.8 26.5 7.9 12.9
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight
& Obese
Lower Limit 13.6 12.2 5.3 15.6
Upper Limit 23.7 23.4 9.5 20.6
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10yrs(60-120 months) by sex and wealth status: City of Manila ENNS, 2018
18.721.9
15.1
25.4
12.5
0
10
20
30
40
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Underweight
17.8 19.615.8
28.8
9.6
0
10
20
30
40
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Stunting
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
*
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10yrs(60-120 months) by sex and wealth status: City of Manila ENNS, 2018
7.4 8.66.2 7.9 6.7
0
10
20
30
40
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Wasting
18.1
23.7
12.6
5.8
24.8
0
10
20
30
40
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Overweight & Obese
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of anemia among school-age children 6 to 12 years old in the City of Manila: ENNS, 2018
13.5
5.17.2
2.3
0
10
20
30
Philippines City of Manila Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
90% CI Philippines Manila
Lower Limit 11.8 0.5
Upper Limit 15.2 9.8
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
11.5
8.610.2
6.9
0
10
20
Philippines City of Manila Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI Philippines Manila
Lower
Limit
10.3 3.8
Upper
Limit
12.7 13.3
180
213
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Philippines City of Manila
Me
dia
n
90% CI Philippines Manila
Lower Limit 177.6 165.1
Upper Limit 183.2 260.6
*Iodine Intake<100 ug/L – Insufficient100-199 ug/L – Adequate200-299 ug/L – More than Adequate300 ug/L and up - Excessive
Median UIE and Percent UIE (<50µg/L) among school-age children (6 to 12 years old)
in the City of Manila: ENNS, 2018
Summary (school age-children)• Underweight among school children are of public health problem with
“moderate” severity.• Stunting among school children are of public health problem with “mild”
severity.• Wasting prevalence among school children is above the acceptable level at
<5%.• Overweight has emerged to be a growing problem among school-age children.• Anemia prevalence is a public health problem with “mild” severity.• Iodine status of school-age children is more than adequate based on median
urinary iodine excretion, but still pockets of IDD exist in school-age group.
Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents City of Manila
Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
26.3
11.3 11.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Stunting Wasting Overweight/obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
90% CI STUNTING WASTING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESE
Lower Limit 24.7 10.5 10.7
Upper Limit 28.0 12.1 12.5
90% CI STUNTING WASTING OVERWEIGHT/ OBESE
Lower Limit 23.2 7.8 16.3
Upper Limit 29.5 13.8 22.2
MANILA
26.3
10.8
19.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Stunting Wasting Overweight/obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Stunting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
26.328.5
24.4
35.3
20.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Wasting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
10.814.6
7.410.9 9.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Prevalence of Overweight/Obese among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
19.2 17.720.6
12.9
22.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physicalactivity per day in the past seven days
Insufficiently Physically Active
Reference: World Health Organization (2015) Global Reference List of 100 Care Health Indicators. Geneva 27, Switzerland
Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old: City of Manila, 2018
90% CI PHILIPPINES MANILA
Lower Limit 74.8 80.1
Upper Limit 77.7 86.6
76.383.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Philippines Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
83.3 80.586.7 83.7 82.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
All Male Female Poor Non Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Smoking Status of Filipino Adolescents
– those who smoked during the survey either on a “daily” basis (at least onecigarette a day) or on a regular/occasional basis
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION SMOKING
CURRENT SMOKERS
• Occasional smokers are those who do notsmoke daily but who smoke at least weeklyand
• those who smoke less often than weeklyReference: World Health Organization
Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: City of Manila, 2018
90% CI PHILIPPINES MANILA
Lower Limit 3.7 3.6
Upper Limit 4.4 6.6
4.05.1
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Philippines Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
5.1
7.5
2.9
6.0
4.4
0
2
4
6
8
10
All Male Female Poor Non Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Drinking Status of Filipino Adolescents
Proportion of current drinkers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CI PHILIPPINES MANILA
Lower Limit 15.2 15.1
Upper Limit 18.4 24.4
16.819.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Philippines Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
ANEMIA
Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old: City of Manila, 2018
PHILIPPINES MANILA
Lower Limit* 7.4 0.1
Upper Limit* 8.8 8.7
Severity Mild Low to Mild
*90% Confidence Interval
8.1
4.4
0
2
4
6
8
10
Philippines Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old by sex: City of Manila, 2018
4.4
9.0
0
5
10
15
20
All Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
0.0
SUMMARY
Among adolescents…
• Stunting is more common among adolescents from poor households
• Overweight/Obesity were more prevalent among female adolescents
and those belonging to the non poor households
• Physical inactivity is higher among female than the male adolescents
• Current smokers are common among male adolescents and in poor
households
• Anemia is more prevalent in adolescent females
Nutrition Situation of Women of Reproductive Age in the Philippines
City of Manila
Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, 2018
PHILIPPINES CITY OF MANILA
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 5.4 39.3
Upper Limit 8.6 46.0
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 7.3 33.7
Upper Limit 8.3 36.9
7.8
35.3
01020304050
All
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese
7.0
42.6
01020304050
All
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese *
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: City of MANILA, 2018
90% CI Prevalence
Lower Limit 4.7
Upper Limit 24.8
90% CI Prevalence
Lower Limit 17.5
Upper Limit 22.8
20.1 14.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
National Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Philippines City of Manila
Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among lactating mothers, 2018
PHILIPPINES CITY OF MANILA
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 5.8 15.3
Upper Limit 26.8 34.5
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 9.5 26.1
Upper Limit 12.5 30.9
11.0
28.5
01020304050
All
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese
16.324.9
01020304050
All
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese
PHILIPPINES CITY OF MANILA
90% CI NPNL Pregnant Lactating
Lower Limit 11.0 21.2 12.5
Upper Limit 12.3 30.9 16.3
90% CI NPNL Pregnant Lactating
Lower Limit 8.2 - -
Upper Limit 15.5 - -
Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA), 2018
11.6
26.1
14.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
Non-Preg/Lact
Pregnant Lactating
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*Too small sample size
11.9
- -0
10
20
30
40
50
Non-Preg/Lact
Pregnant Lactating
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
11.6 11.9
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines City of Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL) women of reproductive age (WRA), 2018
90% CI
LL 11.0 8.2
UL 12.3 15.5
11.39.6
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines City of Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and Percent UIE level of <50µg/L) among non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL) women of
reproductive age (WRA), 2018
90% CI
LL 10.7 5.4
UL 12.0 13.7
170 163
0
50
100
150
200
Philippines City of Manila
90% CI
LL 167.9 143.6
UL 172.1 182.6
SUMMARY
Among non-pregnant and lactating women and lactating mothers
of reproductive age…
• The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high
• Anemia is of “mild” public health significance
SUMMARY
Among pregnant women…
• The proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women is lower
than the national estimate but not significant at 5% level
Among lactating mothers…
• The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) is high
Health and Nutritional Status ofFilipino Adults
City of Manila
Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old:
Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
6.9
28.8
9.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic EnergyDeficiency
Overweight Obese
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 6.6 28.4 9.3
UL 7.1 29.2 9.9
6.5
32.1
14.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic EnergyDeficiency
Overweight Obese
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) MANILA
*
90%
CI
LL 5.2 29.5 12.4
UL 7.8 34.8 16.2
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
6.58.1
6.8
4.56.2
0
5
10
15
20
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
6.6 6.4
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female
Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
7.8
5.7
0
5
10
15
20
Poor Non-Poor
32.1
23.2
31.8
37.9 37.3
14.310.6
14.3
19.6
12.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
29.7
34.1
11.9
16.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Overweight and Obesity among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
31.4 32.5
10.4
16.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poor Non-Poor
(a)(a)
■ Overweight ■ Obese
(a)(b)
Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio
among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
13.5
35.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
vale
nce (
%) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 13.2 34.9
UL 13.8 35.7
19.5
42.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
vale
nce (
%) MANILA
* *
90%
CI
LL 17.2 40.2
UL 21.8 45.1
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
19.511.6
19.9 21.825.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
7.6
29.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Male Female*
High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
15.921.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Poor Non-Poor
Prevalence of Anemia among Adults,
20-59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
8.3
0
5
10
15
20
Anemia
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 7.7
UL 9.0
7.4
2.7
10.6
0
5
10
15
20
Anemia Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
MANILA
*
90%
CI
LL 5.0
UL 9.9° excluding pregnant or lactating women
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CILL 15.6 14.0
UL 16.4 17.6
16.0 15.8
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Manila
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
15.8
4.0
10.9
23.6
30.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
20.6
12.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Male Female*
Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
15.3 15.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Poor Non-Poor
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CILL 6.2 5.7
UL 7.2 10.6
6.78.2
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Manila
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
8.2
1.5
7.5
3.3
21.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
11.2
6.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Male Female
High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CILL 20.7 24.6
UL 22.4 30.8
21.5
27.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Philippines Manila
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
21.5
30.928.0
24.7 25.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
44.7
16.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
35.3
24.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poor Non-Poor
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
* *
54.558.2 61.1
51.145.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) 64.1
37.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Female
Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently
drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and
wealth status: City of Manila, 2018
63.6
50.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Poor Non-Poor*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CILL 38.1 49.0
UL 43.1 57.5
40.6
53.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Philippines Manila
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status:
City of Manila, 2018
° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
53.256.5 56.2
49.8 49.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
48.4
56.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Female
48.754.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Poor Non-Poor
Summary (Adults) Three (3) in every 10 adults are overweight and the
prevalence increases with age
Android obesity (WC and WHR) increased with age, and higher
among females and belongs to non-poor households.
Anemia is of “mild” public health significance, particularly at-risk are
females
Current smoking and current drinkers are higher in young adults, 20-29
years, among males and those belonging to poor households
More than 50% are physically inactive, particularly in young adults, 20-29
years, among females and in non-poor households
Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Elderly
City of Manila
Chronic Energy Deficiency among Elderly, 60 years old
and above: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
90% CILL 12.9 4.7
UL 14.0 8.5
13.4
6.6
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Manila
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
24.7
6.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight Obesity
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 23.9 5.9
UL 25.5 6.8
33.1
8.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight Obesity
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) MANILA
*
90%
CI
LL 27.1 5.1
UL 39.1 12.5
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among
Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
17.8
47.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
vale
nce (
%) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 17.1 46.7
UL 18.6 48.6
32.8
64.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) MANILA
* *
90%
CI
LL 27.5 59.7
UL 38.1 69.5
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
90% CILL 17.7 13.8
UL 22.8 29.9
20.2 21.8
0
10
20
30
40
Philippines Manila
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
Prevalence of Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old
and above: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
Median UIE and Percent UIE (<50µg/L) among Elderly, 60 years old and above:
Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
108123
0
50
100
150
200
Philippines Manila
Me
dia
n U
IE (
mcg
/L)
*
90%
CI
LL 105.2 95.7
UL 110.3 150.8
*Iodine Intake<100 µg/L – Insufficient100-199 µg/L – Adequate200-299 µg/L – More than adequate300 µg/L and up – Excessive
23.327.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
Philippines Manila
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90%
CI
LL 20.4 19.7
UL 26.3 35.1
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
35.0
13.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Elevated BloodPressure
High Fasting BloodSugar
Pre
vale
nce (
%) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 33.7 12.2
UL 36.2 15.5
36.5
22.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Elevated BloodPressure
High Fasting BloodSugar
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) MANILA
90%
CI
LL 29.5 14.8
UL 43.5 29.8
16.328.2
50.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
CurrentSmokers
Current AlcoholDrinkers
PhysicallyInactive
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
PHILIPPINES
13.621.1
64.3
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
CurrentSmokers
Current AlcoholDrinkers
PhysicallyInactive
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
MANILA
90%
CI
LL 15.5 25.8 48.5
UL 17.1 30.5 52.7
90%
CI
LL 9.5 17.3 59.4
UL 17.7 24.9 69.3
Proportion of Current Smokers, Current Alcohol Drinkers°
and Physically Inactive Elderly, 60 years old and above:
Philippines and City of Manila, 2018
° among current alcohol drinkers in the past 30 days
Summary (Elderly)
Overweight and obesity is also a growing problem and android
obesity is significantly higher than the national estimate
Anemia is of “moderate” public health significance
IDD, Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar
are slightly higher than national estimate
Current smokers is at 13.6% while current alcohol drinkers is at
21.1%
More than half (64.3%) are physically inactive