Unit Warm Up1. What is the chemical name for salt? What is the
chemical formula for salt?
2. What is a compound?
3. What are the two types of compounds?
4. How can you tell the difference between them?
5. Using your PT, predict the charge of the
following atoms when they are part of an ionic
compound: Na, K, Ca, O, F, Cl.
Introduction
Nomenclature
Writing formulas for compounds from names
and writing names for compounds from
formulas
Rules set by IUPAC(International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry)
We will concern ourselves with any
compound that is not considered organic
(long chains of carbon atoms)
Based on the type of compound
Binary – only two elements in compound
NaCl, CO2
Nonbinary (Complex) – three or more
elements in compound
H2SO4, (NH4)3PO4
Section 1: Naming Binary Compounds
Three types of binary compounds
Types I & II – Ionic
Contain ions – a cation and an anion
Contain a metal and a nonmetal
Type I – cation has only 1 possible charge
Columns 1, 2, 3, and metals in 13 on PT
plus Zn, Ag, Cd, Ta, Zr, and Hf.
Type II – cation has more than 1 possible charge
All other Transition Metals that are not
man-made
Binary Ionic Type I Compounds
Cation has only 1 possible charge
(Check PT)
Naming
ALL IONIC COMPOUNDS:
Name the cation, then name the
anion
Steps in Naming an Ionic
Compound
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
2) Ionic or Covalent? Why?
3) If Ionic, Type I or Type II? Why?
4) What is the cation? Symbol and name
5) What is the anion? Symbol and name
6) What is the name of the compound?
Examples
MgCl2
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
Binary --2 different elements ( 2 capital
letters)
2) Ionic or Covalent? Why?
Ionic – Mg is a metal(Check PT)
3)Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I --Mg has only 1 possible charge
(check PT)
4) Cation symbol and name:
Mg2+ magnesium
5) Anion symbol and name:
Cl1- chloride
NAME THE CATION, THEN THE ANION
6) Name of compound:
magnesium chloride
ZnF2
1)Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary --2 elements
2)Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic -- Zn is a metal
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I -- Zn has only 1 possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Zn2+ zinc
5) Anion symbol and name
F1- fluoride
6) Name of compound
zinc fluoride
Sr3N2
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary --2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic-- Sr is a metal
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I --Sr has only 1 possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Sr2+ strontium
5) Anion symbol and name
N3- nitride
6) Name of compound
strontium nitride
Li3P
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary-- 2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic --Li is a metal
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I --Li has only 1 possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Li+1 lithium
5) Anion symbol and name
P3- phosphide
6) Name of compound
lithium phosphide
Practice1. Name the following compounds, using
the method taught.
a. KCl
potassium chloride
b. Rb3N
rubidium nitride
c. Ba3P2
barium phosphide
Binary Ionic Type II Compounds
Cation has more than one possible
charge
(Check PT)
Name the cation,
then name the anion
Steps for Binary Ionic Type II
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
4) What is the cation? Symbol and name
5) What is the anion? Symbol and name
6) What is the name of the compound?
Naming the cationMust determine the charge on the
cation
Compounds are electrically neutral
Total positive charge = total negative charge
Anions can only have 1 possible
charge
How to determine the charge on the cation:
1. Multiply the charge on the anion (check the PT)
by the subscript for the anion to get the total
negative charge
total negative charge =(charge on anion)X(subscript on anion)
2. Change the sign to positive to get the total
positive charge.Total positive charge = (+)(total negative charge)
3. Divide that answer by the subscript on the
cation. That number is the charge on the cation.Charge on cation = (total positive charge) ÷ (subscript on cation)
4. Write this number as a Roman Numeral
in parenthesis after the name for the
element.
5. Follow the rest of the steps in naming the
ionic compound.
Name the cation,
then name the anion
Examples
FeCl2
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary -- only two elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic -- Fe is a metal
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type II – Fe can have more than 1
possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Determine charge on cation:
Anion is Cl-1
1) Total negative charge =(Charge on anion)X(subscript on anion)
= (-1)X(2)=-2
2) Total positive charge = (+)(total negative charge)
= +2
3) Charge on cation = (total positive charge) ÷ (subscript on cation)
= +2 ÷ 1 = +2
Fe2+ iron(II)
5) Anion symbol and name
Cl1- chloride
6) Name of compound
iron(II) chloride
Ni2O3
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary -- only two elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic– Ni is a metal
3) Type I orType II? Why?
Type II - Ni can have more than 1
possible charge
4)Cation symbol and name
Determine charge on the cation
Anion is O2-
1) Total negative charge = (Charge on anion)(subscript on anion)
= (-2)(3)= -6
2) Total positive charge = (+)(total negative charge) = +6
3) Charge on cation = (total positive charge) ÷ (subscript on cation)
= +6 ÷ 2 = +3
Ni3+ nickel(III)
PracticeName the following compounds. Show your
work.
a. FeBr3
iron(III) bromide
b. FeBr2
iron(II) bromide
c. Ti2O3
titanium(III) oxide
Binary Covalent(Molecular)
Compounds
Compound contains 2 nonmetals
No ions
The two nonmetals may form more than one
different compound
Use prefixes in name to indicate number of each
type of atom
1 = mono 6 = hexa
2 = di 7 = hepta
3 = tri 8 = octa
4 = tetra 9 = nona
5 = penta 10 = deca
Naming Covalent Compounds1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
2) Ionic or Covalent? Why?
3) If covalent: What is the name of the 1st element?
Write the name of the 1st element adding a prefix if the
subscript is not 1.
4) What is the name of the 2nd element?
Write the name of the second element adding a prefix for the
subscript, even if the subscript is 1, and changing the ending
to –ide.
For oxygen: When adding prefixes, omit the ending vowel on
the prefix, if it is an o or a, and would make a double vowel.
5) Write the name of the compound.
Examples
CO
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary-- contains only 2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Covalent – both elements are nonmetals
3) Name of 1st element?
C (carbon) is the first element, subscript 1, no prefix; carbon
4) Name of 2nd element?
O (oxygen) is the second element, subscript 1, prefix is mono;
monoxide
5) Name of compound
carbon monoxide (no double o)
P2O5
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary -- contains only 2 elements
2) Ionic or Covalent? Why?
Covalent – both elements are nonmetals
3)Name of 1st element?
P (phosphorus) is the first element, subscript 2, prefix is di;
diphosphorus
4) Name of 2nd element?
O (oxygen) is the second element, subscript 5, prefix is
penta; pentoxide
5) Name of compound
diphosphorus pentoxide
Practice
1. Name the following compounds.
a. CO2
carbon dioxide
b. N2H4
dinitrogen tetrahydride
c. B2H6
diboron hexahydride
Section 2: Naming Nonbinary
Compounds
Nonbinary Ionic compounds
Compounds containing a polyatomic ion. Usually
start with a metal – exception is NH4+ -- the
ammonium cation
Name the cation, then the anion
Treat as a Type I or Type II compound
The ending on the polyatomic ion does
not change
Notice most end in –ite or –ate
Means the polyatomic ion contains oxygen
(oxyions)
-ate contains more oxygen atoms than –ite
Exceptions: –OH1- – called hydroxide
–O22- – called peroxide
Prefixes have meaning, too
hypo- under or less oxygen
per – more or most oxygen
Cl-1 chloride
ClO-1 hypochlorite
ClO2-1 chlorite
ClO3-1 chlorate
ClO4-1 perchlorate
Examples
Na2SO4
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
Nonbinary– contains more than 2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic– Na is a metal and contains a polyatomic ion
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I – Na has only 1 possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Na1+sodium
5) Anion symbol and name
SO42- sulfate
6) Name of compound
sodium sulfate
Co(HCO3)3
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
Nonbinary– contains more than 2 elements
2) Ionic or Covalent? Why?
Ionic– Co is a metal & contains a polyatomic ion
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type II -- Co can have more than 1
possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
Determine charge on the cation
Anion is HCO3-1
1) Total negative charge = (Charge on
anion)(subscript on anion)
= (-1)(3)= -3
2) Total positive charge = (+)(total negative
charge) = +3
3) Charge on cation = (total positive charge) ÷
(subscript on cation)
= +3 ÷ 1 = +3
Co3+ cobalt(III)
NH4NO3
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
Nonbinary – contains more than 2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic – NH41+ is a polyatomic ion
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I – NH4+1 has only 1 possible charge
4) Cation symbol and name
NH4+1 ammonium
5) Anion symbol and name
NO31- nitrate
6) Name of compound
ammonium nitrate
PracticeGive the type and name the following
compounds. Show your work.
a. Na2CO3
sodium carbonate
b. CuSO4
copper(II) sulfate
c. CsClO4
cesium perchlorate
Section 3: Acids
A compound that produces H+1
ions when dissolved in water
Ionic compounds
Cation is the H 1+ ion –
hydrogen acting as a metal
Binary Acids
Cation is H1+
Anion does not contain oxygen
Examples
HCl(aq), HCN(aq), HBr(aq)
(aq) = aqueous -- means dissolved in water
Naming Binary Acids
1) Is it an acid? Why?
2) Is it a binary acid or an oxyacid? Why?
3) Cation Symbol and name?
The H1+ ion is named hydro-
4) Anion symbol and name?
The ending of the anion is changed to –ic;
The word acid is added at the end
5) Name the acid
Binary Acid Anions
F1- fluoric Se2- selenic
Cl1- chloric Te2- telluric
Br1- bromic P3- phosphoric
I1- iodic As3- arsenic
At1- astatic
CN1- cyanic
S2- sulfuric
Example
HCl(aq)
1) Is it an acid? Why?
Yes -starts with H, is aqueous
2) Is it a binary acid or oxyacid? Why?
Binary acid – anion does not contain oxygen
3) Cation symbol and name
H1+ (hydro-)
4) Anion symbol and name
Cl1- chloric – change ending to –ic; add the word acid
5) Name of acid
hydrochloric acid
If not dissolved in water, name as an ionic compound (HCl
would be hydrogen chloride)
Practice1. Name the following compounds
a. HI(aq)
hydroiodic acid
b. H2S(aq)
hydrosulfuric acid
c. HF(aq)
hydrofluoric acid
OxyacidsCation is still H+
Anion is a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
Exceptions – hydroxide (OH1-) and peroxide (O22-) do
not make acids.
Examples
HNO3(aq), H2SO3(aq)
Naming Oxyacids
1) Is it an acid? Why?
2) Is it a binary acid or an oxyacid? Why?
3) Cation symbol
4)Anion symbol and name
The ending changes to -ous if it was –ite
or -ic if it was –ate
Add acid as the second word in the name
5) Name the compound
Examples
H2SO4(aq)
1) Is it an acid? Why?
Yes – starts with H, is aqueous
2) Is it a binary acid or oxyacid? Why?
Oxyacid - anion contains oxygen
3) Cation symbol and name
H+1( but not in name)
4) Anion symbol and name
SO42- sulfate changes to sulfuric; add acid
5) Name of acid
sulfuric acid
H2SO3(aq)
1) Is it an acid? Why?
– Yes, starts with H, is aqueous
2) Is it a binary acid or an oxyacid? Why?
Oxyacid --anion contains oxygen
3) Cation symbol and name
H+1( but not in name)
4) Anion symbol and name
SO32- sulfite changes to sulfurous; add acid
5)Name of acid
sulfurous acid
Section 4: Writing Formulas from NamesIonic compounds (review)
Determine the type of compound
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
3) Type I or II? Why?
4)Write down the symbol and the charge of the cation
5)Write down the symbol and the charge of the anion
6) Continue as taught in Unit 3 – figure out the LCM,
etc.
1) LCM
2) Determine the subscript on the cation:
Cation: ( )(charge on cation) = LCM
3)Determine the subscript on the anion:
Anion: ( )(charge on anion) = -LCM
4) Check: 2+ 3 =0
5)Formula:
Another way -- The “X” maneuver
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why? (only need if want type of compound)
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
4)Write down the symbol and the charge of the cation
5)Write down the symbol and the charge of the anion
6) Make the superscript (no sign) of the cation into the subscript for the anion.
Make the superscript (no sign) of the anion into the subscript for the cation.
7) Write the formula.
- If a polyatomic is involved, use parenthesis if the
subscript will be anything other than 1.
- If the subscripts have a common factor, reduce –
lowest whole number ratio.
Examples
magnesium chloride
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary – does not contain a polyatomic
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic – contains a metal
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type I – No Roman Numeral
4) Cation is Mg2+
5) Anion is Cl1-
6)Mg2+ Cl1-
7)MgCl2
nickel(III) carbonate
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Nonbinary – carbonate is a polyatomic ion
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic – contains a metal and a polyatomic
3) Type I or Type II? Why?
Type II – there’s a Roman Numeral in the name
4) Cation is Ni3+
5) Anion is CO32-
6) Ni3+ CO32-
7) Ni2(CO3)3
lead(IV) oxalate
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
nonbinary – oxalate is a polyatomic ion
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Ionic – contains a metal and a polyatomic
3) Type I or TypeII? Why?
Type II – There’s a Roman Numeral in the name
4) Cation is Pb4+
5) Anion is C2O42-
6) Pb4+ C2O42-
7) Pb2(C2O4)4
- Simplify: Pb(C2O4)2
Practice
1. Write the formula for each of
the following compounds
a. barium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2
b. cobalt(III) sulfate
Co2(SO4)3
Covalent Compounds
1) Binary or nonbinary? Why? ( only need if need type of compound)
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
3) Write down the symbol for the first element and use the prefix to determine the subscript –remember no “1” subscripts
4) Write down the symbol for the second element and use the prefix to determine the subscript –remember no “1” subscripts
- DO NOT SIMPLIFY
5) Write the formula
Examplescarbon dioxide
1) Binary or Nonbinary? Why?
Binary – only 2 elements
2) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Covalent -- two nonmetals, prefix in name
3) 1st element is carbon (C) no prefix – so no
subscript
4) 2nd element is oxygen (O) prefix di- so
subscript is 2
5) Formula is CO2
dinitrogen tetroxide1) Binary or nonbinary? Why?
Binary – only two elements
1) Ionic or covalent? Why?
Covalent -- two nonmetals, prefixes in
name
3) 1st element is nitrogen (N), prefix is di- so
subscript is 2
4) 2nd element is oxygen (O), prefix is tetra- so
subscript is 4
5) Formula is N2O4 -- do not simplify
Practice1. Write the formula for each of the following
compounds
a. nitrogen monoxide
NO
b. diphosphorus pentoxide
P2O5
c. carbon disulfide
CS2
Acids1) Is it an acid? Why?
2) Is it a binary acid or an oxyacid? Why?
3) Write down H1+ for the cation
4) Write down the symbol and charge for the
anion (watch endings)
binary –ic to –ide
oxyacid -ic to -ate; -ous to -ite
5)Do the “X” thing
6)Add the subscript (aq) at the end
Examplesnitric acid
1) Is it an acid?
Yes, acid in name
2) Binary acid or oxyacid?
oxyacid no “hydro” in name
3)Cation is H+1
4)Anion is nitrate(-ic to –ate) NO3-1
5) H+1 NO3-1
6) HNO3(aq)
hydrobromic acid
1) Is it an acid?
Yes – acid in name
2) binary acid or oxyacid?
Binary – “hydro” in name
3) Cation is H+1
4) Anion is bromide (-ic to –ide)Br-1
5) H+1 Br-1
6) HBr(aq)
Sulfurous acid1) Is it an acid?
Yes – acid in name
2) Binary acid or oxyacid?
oxyacid – no “hydro” in name
3) Cation is H+ 1
4) Anion is sulfite (-ous to –ite) SO32-
5) H+ 1 SO32-
6) H2SO3(aq)
Practice
1. Write the formula for each of the
following compounds
a. phosphoric acid
H3PO4(aq)
b. hydroiodic acid
HI(aq)