Names of Strait Chains
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
methaneethane
propanebutane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane
undecaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Names of Substituents
C
H
H
H
C C
H
H
H
H
H
C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C HH
H
HHH
H
C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
methyl
ethyl
propyl
ios-propyl
butyl
F (Floro) Cl (Chloro) Br (Bromo)I (Iodo)
1. Find the longest carbon chain2. Circle the longest chain3. Number the chain starting at the
end with closest substituent4. Name the substituents5. Name the longest chain
Naming Rules
1. When two or more substituents are on the same carbon, use thenumber twice.
2. When two or more substituents are identical, use prefixes3. When two chains are the same length, use the one with the
most substituents on it.4. If substituents are at equall distances from the ends of the
chain, go to the next substituent.
Naming Tips
Functional group
A Group or Family in Organic Chemistry
Alkane AlkeneAlkyne Halogenated Alcohol AldehydeKetone Carboxylic
AcidEster EtherAmine
R - Group
A Hydrocarbon chain of Varied Length
Alcohol Functional GroupR –OH
CH3 – OH
CH3CH2 – OH
CH3CH2CH2 – OH
ETHANOL
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) or grain alcohola. Made from the fermentation of grain, fruit, or sugarb. C6H12O6 + yeast 2C2H5OH + CO2
c. The alcohol that is in beveragesd. Added to automotive fuels – 10% as gasohale. 1 pint of pure alcohol will kill most peoplef. caused deterioration of the liver, memory loss
and is harmful to unborn babies
HC C OH
H
H
H
H
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
CC C
OH
HH
H
H
H
HH
Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol)a. Alcohol used for cuts and cleaningb. Will not be absorbed by the skinc. Toxic if taken internallyd. Sold as a 70% solution – 140 proof
Ethylene glycola. Used for antifreeze in carsb. Very sweet tastingc. Toxic – caused kidney failure and death
C C
HH
HH
OH OH
Liver C C
OH OH
OOKidney CaC2O4
Oxalic acid Calcium Oxalate
C C
HH
HH
OH OH
Ethylene glycol
BENZALDEHYDE
Benzaldehydea. called synthetic oil of almondb. used as flavoring – maraschino cherriesc. used in perfumes
CH
O
ACETONE
A c e t o n ea . M a d e f r o m I s o p r o p y l a l c o h o l
b . U s e d a s a s o l v e n t f o r f a t s , r u b b e r , p l a s t i c s , a n d v a r n i s h e sc . U s e d a s f i n g e r n a i l p o l i s h r e m o v e rd . W i l l n o t m i x w i t h w a t e rW a s h e s w a t e r o f f o f g la s s w a r e a f t e r c le a n in g
C
O
CH 3 C H 3CH 3 C H C H 3
O H - H
C
O
CH3 CH3
DIETHYL ETHER
D ie th y l e th e ra . U s e d a s a s o l v e n tb . U s e d fo r t h in n in g p a in t sc . B o i l s a t 3 6 C ( d r ie s q u i c k l y )d . U s e d a s a n e s th e t i c o r a s a d r u ge . D is s o lv e s o r g a n ic c o m p o u n d s r e a d i l yf . R e a c ts w i th o x y g e n to fo r m u n s ta b le p e r o x id e s
O
TERT-BUTYL ETHER
Tert-butyl ether (MTBE)a. Gasoline additiveb. Reduces CO emissionsc. Replaced lead as the antiknock compound
CH3 O C
CH3
CH3
CH3